The document summarizes the history and development of the Tarbella Dam project in Pakistan. It describes how the project was initiated in response to an energy crisis and need to regulate the Indus River. The Indus Water Treaty was signed in 1960 and led to the development of the Indus Basin Project, including the Mangla and Tarbella Dams. The Tarbella Dam site was selected based on geological studies. The dam faced challenges including displacement of local populations but increased electricity generation beyond initial projections. Upgrades and extensions to the project have continued to boost power capacity to meet Pakistan's growing energy needs.

3. Pre Phase
Initiation
phase
Design &
Developm
ent
Phase
Conclusi
on
Operation
phase

4.  Energy crisis
 Strengthen agriculture system
 Regulate the flow of Indus river to avoid
flood.

5.  On april 1948,India cutoff supply of water from
three rivers Ravi,Satlaj & Beas.
 It causes a setback to our national economy and
disrupted Pakistan water resourses development
plan.
 To overcome this situation Indus water treaty(IWT)
was signed on 19 September 1960.

6.  Indus Basin Project was developed under IWT.
 Indus Basin Project had two subprojects on
Jhelum(Mangla) and Indus(Tarbella).

7.  Stakeholders were Government of Pakistan
and the people of Pakistan.
 Environment and climate
• In lower Indus plan , the temperature is 14-20
degree in winter and 42-44 degree in summer.
• Average rain fall in Indus plain is about
23cm.In lower Indus areas receives about 9cm
of average rainfall annually.
• Location of Tarbella Dam is such that about
90% of annual river is derived from snowmelt.

8.  Internal Constraints
• Provential Government
• Central Government
 External Constraints
• Indus Water Treaty(IWT):

9.  Affected Families
• About 135 villages were effected.
• It resulted in displacement of
population of about 9,6000 people.
• Land acquisition and a cash
compensation of RS.469.65 million
allotted to effected families.

10.  Design characteristics of Tarbella were evolved on the basis of
site investigation area over the period 1955-62.
 Searching the site for Dam was the responsibility of WAPDA,
which stated site investigation.
 It took 3 years of thorough investigation to select site.
 Sites Investigated
Three sites were chosen namely:
• Bara with Potential storage capacity of 13.7bcm.
• Kiara with potential storage capacity of 12.3bcm.
• Kirpalian with potential storage capacity of 5.3bcm.
 Final site chosen was Bara.

11.  Studies indicated that Bara had more favorable
geology.
 Bara would result in less expensive project.
 Contractor of projects
• Tarbella dam project was built by Tarbella dam
project venture , which was led by Italian
contractor Impregilo.
• The joint venture consist of 3 Italians and 3
French Civil Engineers.

12. • Five German and 2 Swiss companies joined them
in 1969.
• Chief Engr. Mr. SS Kerman was entrusted with
responsibility of evaluating technical aspects of
design on behalf of WAPDA.
• Estimated Hydropower potential was 2100MW.

13.  An estimate of financial requirement of Tarbella dam
project according to Lieftinck report were 1047.3 million
dollars including land resettlement and first eight power
units of 175MW each.
 This also include 150.5 million$ for import duties but
excluded interests during construction.
 Correspondingly estimated financial requirement
excluding Mechanical and Electrical power , but including
Civil Engineering work for eight power units was 99.6
million $.

14. Duration Capital Cost US$
Up to June 65 51 million
65-66 3 million
66-67 55 million
67-68 140million
68-69 618 million
69-70 983 million
70-71 1191 million
71-72 1159 million
72-73 394 million
73-74 612 million
74-75 497 million
75-76 334 million

15.  To meet capital cost balance of $354 million were
transferred from Indus Basin development fund to create
Tarbella development fund(TDF).
 TDF had a capital base of $ 989 million with commitment
from Govt. of Pakistan.

16.  Resources of Tarbella development fund.
Countries Funds( million $)
Australia 1
Canada 14
France 30
Germany 16
Italy 56
UK 51
USA 60
World Bank 71
Saudi Arabia 59
Kuwait 18
Abu Dhabi 25
Pakistan 697
Others 25

17.  Predicted and actual Impacts:
• Power House
Power Units Planned Actual(MW)
Tunnel 1 4*175=700MW 700MW(1977-78)
Tunnel 2 4*175=700MW 1050MW(1982-85)
Tunnel 3 4*175=700MW 1728MW(1992-93)
Total Installed
Capacity
2100MW 3478MW

18.  Predicted and actual Impacts:
• Schedule
Construction
Stages
Project
Component
Activities
Scheduled Actual
Mobilization Including award
of main contract
Jun1967- Dec1969 May1968-Dec 70
Stage 1 River diversion Jan 1968-Sep 70 May 68-Sep 70
Stage 2 Spillways,
Tunnels
Oct 70-Sep 73 Oct 70-Sep 73
Stage 3 Auxiliary Dam &
Power Station
Oct 73 –Sep 74 Sep 73-Sep 74
Flow through
Tunnel
Stage 4 Unit 1 & 2 Jan 75 – Mar 75 April 77-may 77
Commissioning
of Power
Unit 3 & 4 Oct 75 –Mar 76 Jun 77 – July 77

19.  Due to high demand of Electricity instead of making new
projects , the Govt. of Pakistan started to upgrade the
existing projects.
 In Sep 2013 , WAPDA signed RS:26.053 billion contract
with Chinese firm Sino hydro for executing Civil works on
the 1410MW Tarbella extension project.
 Work on the Project will be completed in 3 &1/2 years at
an estimated cost of $928 million.
 In June 2013 , The World Bank has agreed to provide a
$840 million loan for project.

20.  On completion , the project will increase generation
capacity from 3478MW to 4888 MW.
 Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif ordered WAPDA to increase
the feasibility study of Tarbella.
 Next extension would increase additional generation of
1320MW electricity and increase overall capacity to
6208MW.
 The Australian Govt. has shown its keen interest to
finance this latest extension.

21. Thank You