The document discusses different types of hydraulic cylinders and rotary actuators. It describes single acting cylinders that work in one direction, double acting cylinders that work in both directions, and telescopic cylinders for large strokes or limited spaces. It also covers properties of cylinders, calculations, buckling checks, and cushioning cylinders at the end of strokes. Rotary actuators discussed include vane, piston, and limited angle types.

1. Hydraulic actuators: cylinders Cylinder types: Single acting: work can be done only in one direction Piston Double acting piston: Piston rod on both side s Plunger Work is done in both directions Telescopic Telescopic Fast moving Tandem Fast movi n g

2. Hydraulic cylinders Hydraulic cylinder Hidraulikus munkahengerek Rögzítőpálcás kivitel 1. Rögzítőpálcás hidraulika henger, a hengerfejen található karimás rögzítéssel

3. Hydraulic cylinders Hydraulic cylinder Hidraulikus munkahengerek Hengeres kivitel 1. Hengeres építési móddal készült hidraulika henger

4. Hydraulic cylinders Properties: The cylinders have to be good quality steel with close tolerances. The re have to be good sealing both at the piston rod and at the cylinder. With time dirt may come in and damage the surfaces . T his has to be possibly reduced. In this case, the leakage will increase all the time.

5. Hydraulic cylinders Calculation of cylinders friction forces inertial forces maximum load slow motion, can be oft en neglected Backward: Outward: Q A 2 A 1 p 1 p 2 v B v 0

6. Hydraulic cylinders Calculation of cylinders Hydraulic cylinders should be possibly operated in the 3 rd region for smooth operation. If the cylinder is new, the leakage losses are negligibly small so that : η c = η mech Stick-slip Transition Normal behaviour at higher pressures F f 1 v 2 3 η c Δ p outwards inwards

7. Hydraulic cylinders Checking for buckling n : safety factor: 1-3,5 l k : buckling length I 1 : moment of inertia of the piston rod E : elasticity modulus of the rod material Maximum permissible force:

8. Hydraulic cylinders Cushioning of cylinders: A hard impact of the piston at the end surfaces has to be inhibited – kinetic energy has to be absorbed. This is done by increasing the hydraulic resistance at the end of the stroke.

9. Rotary hydraulic actuators Swivel vane rotary actuator: Limited angle in both directions Maximum angle always smaller than 360° The same torque in both directions Piston rotary actuator: With rack and gear coupling Here maximum angle may be larger than 360° Mindkét irányban azonosan működő hengerrel és fogasléces meghajtással működtetett tolódugattyús lengőhajtás Párhuzamdugattyús lengőhajtás Forgódugattyús lengőhajtás menettel működtetett meghajtócsappal Limited angle rotary actuator Limited angle rotary actuator Parallel piston rotary actuator ??? ???

10. Big pictures End of normal presentation Beginning of big pictures

11. Hydraulic cylinders Cylinder types: plunger smaller force, better efficiency, axial support is necessary but cylinder does not have to be so good quality Without inner buffer With inner buffer (pilot piston)

12. Hydraulic cylinders Cylinder types: piston, single acting, pressing-cylinder Spring inside outside

13. Hydraulic cylinders Cylinder types: piston, single acting, puller Spring inside outside

14. Hydraulic cylinders Cylinder types: piston, double acting Velocity is different

15. Hydraulic cylinders Cylinder types: piston, double acting Piston rod on both side Velocity is the same in both directions

16. Hydraulic cylinders Cylinder types: piston, double acting Piston rod on both side Velocity is different in the two directions depending on cross section ratio of the rods

17. Hydraulic cylinders Cylinder types: double acting piston, tandem

18. Hydraulic cylinders Cylinder types: single acting, fast moving

19. Hydraulic cylinders Cylinder types: double acting, fast moving

20. Hydraulic cylinders Cylinder types: telescopic, single acting Large working paths or limited space

21. Hydraulic cylinders Cylinder types: telescopic, double acting Large working paths or limited space

22. Hydraulic cylinders Checking for buckling: Euler’s cases Picture Free buckling length Manner of end fixing Note 1. Case One end free One end fixed Or trunnion at end mounting style mounting style mounting style 2. Case Two ends pivoted and guided 3. Case One end guided and pivoted, other end fixed 4. Case Two ends fixed and guided mounting style

23. Hydraulic cylinders Cushioning of cylinders: Piston Cushion nose Cylinder cap Stroke volume Cushion orifice Throttle Cushion adjustment screw Mother Non-return valve Gas valve

24. Rotary hydraulic actuators Parallel piston rotary actuator

25. Rotary hydraulic actuators ???

26. Rotary hydraulic actuators Rack-and-pinion piston-type rotary actuator:

27. Rotary hydraulic actuators Limited angle rotary actuator:

28. Rotary hydraulic actuators Limited angle rotary actuator:

29. Rotary hydraulic actuators Helix actuator: