Abhishek Kumar's document discusses the principles and components of hydraulic braking systems. It explains that hydraulics uses pressurized fluids to create force and motion. The key principles are that fluids cannot be compressed and can transmit both movement and increased force via pressure. The document then describes the major components of hydraulic braking systems including the master cylinder, brake lines, brake calipers or drums, brake boosters, and proportioning valves. It explains how these components work together using hydraulic principles to stop a vehicle safely and efficiently.

1. ABHISHEK KUMAR
13/ME/9024
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
FUTURE INSTITUTE OF
ENGG. & MANAGEMENT

2. The technology of controlling pressurized fluids to create
force and motion is known as Hydraulics .
HYDRAULIC PRINCIPLES:
 Fluids cannot be compressed
 Fluids can transmit Movement
 Acts “Like a steel rod” in a closed container
 Master cylinder transmits fluid to wheel cylinder or
caliper piston bore.
 Fluids can transmit and increase force
PRESSURE =FORCE / AREA

4. Of course ,the final contact between vehicle and road made through tyres
hence it is of great importance in braking system.
Bald or defective tyres will even make the best brakes ineffective.
The braking systems which works with the help of hydraulic
principles is known as hydraulic braking systems.

5. HYRAULIC BRAKING SYSTEM CAN BE OPERATED BY
 Vacuum, Hydro or Motor assisted
 Disc System
 Drum System
 Dual System

6. DRUM BRAKE
MASTER
CYLINDER
DISK BRAKE
BRAKE PEDAL

7. HYDRAULIC PRESSURE IS DISTRIBUTED EQUALLY IN ALL DIRECTIONS
BY THE SAME PRINCIPLE ……….

8. SAME LINE OF PRESSURE WILL BE EXERTED ON ALL WHEELS

9. The Hydraulic pressure is the same, but the applied force can
be changed by the piston size.

10. The applied
pressure can be
raised or
lowered by
piston size

11. Provides a reservoir for brake fluid and contains the driving pistons in the
hydraulic circuit
THEY ARE OF 2 TYPES
Front - Rear split
-One piston for front brakes and one for rear
-If a leak occurs you could lose front brakes
Diagonally split
-One piston drives one front wheel and one rear wheel
-Diagonal layout allows you to maintain directional control if a
leak occurs

12. Expanding shoes create force on the inner surface of the drum
Used on the rear of some trucks and SUV’s
Self-energizing design requires less activation force
Require periodic adjustment

14. DISK BRAKES WORKS WITH THE HELP OF CALIPERS

15. FIXED CALIPERS
Calipers are disc brakes that use a caliper that is
fixed in position and does not slide.
They have pistons on both sides of the disc.
There may be 2 or 4 pistons per caliper
FLOATING CALIPERS
 Much more common
 Single Piston
 Easier to work with
 On “inboard” side of caliper
Calipers are of two types

16. Applies two pistons to opposite sides of rotor
Caliper stays stationary
Disc Brakes require higher hydraulic pressure
 Motorcycles and some import trucks and cars use
this type Similar to bicycle brakes.

17.  Applies pressure to two pads on opposite
sides of rotor
 Caliper
 Sliding
 Fixed

19. THIS CONDITION WILL OCCUR IF THERE IS MORE FRONT BRAKE TORQUE
THAN DYNAMIC FRONT WEIGHT
THIS CONDITION WILL OCCUR IF THERE IS MORE REAR TORQUE THAN
DYNAMIC REAR WEIGHT

20. Optimum braking is achieved when brake torque distribution matches
dynamic weight distribution
TO ACHIEVE THIS CONDITION PROPORTIONATING VALVES ARE USED
When a vehicle brakes , weight is transferred to the front. The nose will
dip as it gets heavier and rear will rise as it gets lighter. The rear needs less
hydraulic pressure.
 Proportionating valves are used to provide balanced braking
by reducing hydraulic pressure to rear wheel

21.  When a large variation at axle loading takes place, such as
railway wagons ,trucks ,load or height sensitive proportionating
valves regulate more hydraulic pressure to the rear axle in the
amount needed.
 Some vehicles with front/ rear split braking systems have a
proportionating valve by-pass which allows full pressure to
rear axle if front brakes fails.

23. Mounted on firewall between the brake pedal and master
cylinder ,brake boosters vary in size and can be single or
double diaphragm.

24. Brake booster have two chambers :one at front which is always at
constant and another at the rear where pressure varies they are by a
pressure plate and are sealed from one another by a rubber diaphragm.
There is a vacuum in the manifold of all 4-stroke petrol engines .Boosters use
this increase the force applied to master cylinder from 3- 5 times without
loosing brake sensitivity or response and with reduced pedal effort.
On diesel engines, an auxiliary vacuum pump is utilized to supply vacuum.
If the engine stops this will retain enough vacuum in the booster for upto 3
brake applications.

26. Properties of Brake Fluid
 Does not thicken or then with changing heat
 Must not boil
 Must be compatible with brake parts material
 Must lubricate internal parts
 Must not evaporate easily
The fluid through which the energy is passed in hydraulic braking systems is
known as BRAKE FLUID.