Hybrid varietY ANIMALS
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The document discusses hybridization in animals. It defines a hybrid as an offspring of two genetically distinct individuals, carrying two different alleles of the same gene. Hybridization is an artificial method used to develop high quality plant and animal varieties with desirable traits like increased yield, disease resistance and climate tolerance. Examples of hybrid cattle developed in India include the Sunandini cow and crossbreeds of Indian cows with foreign varieties like Swiss Brown and Jersey. While hybrids have benefits like higher milk production, it is important to also maintain native cattle varieties which are part of our biological wealth.
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The document discusses various topics related to agriculture in Kerala, India, including:
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2) How hybridization can be used to create stronger plants and animals by crossing breeds or species.
3) The tissue culture process which clones plants in a sterile lab environment to produce disease-free offspring at scale.
4) Recommended agricultural animal varieties and crops for the Kerala climate.
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Hybrid varietY ANIMALS
- 2. KERALA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION KUMARAPURAM B.Ed. COURSE 2013-2014 SEMESTER II OPTIONAL: NATURAL SCIENCE POWERPOINT PRESENTATION Submitted to Lesha Teacher Submitted by Archana s s Nair
- 4. INTRODUCTION In biology a hybrid is an offspring of two animals or plants of different breeds, varieties, species, or genera.[Using genetics terminology, it may be defined as follows. In general usage, hybrid is synonymous with heterozygous any offspring resulting from the breeding of two genetically distinct individuals. A genetic hybrid carries two different alleles of the same gene. A structural hybrid results from the fusion of gametes that have differing structure in at least one chromosome as a result of structural abnormalities. A numerical hybrid results from the fusion of gametes having different haploid numbers of chromosomes. A permanent hybrid is a situation where only the heterozygous genotype occurs, because all homozygous combinations are lethal.
- 5. HYBRIDISATION It is an artificial method of developing high quality plants and animals. The offspring's produced by hybridization are called hybrids.
- 6. CHARACTERISTICS OF HYBRID VARIETIES High Yield Disease Resistance Desirable characters Tolerance to climate High production capacity
- 7. HYBRIDISATION IN ANIMALS Hybridization is utilized for developing improved varieties of animals as well. There a number of institutions in our state which have gained in developing high yield varieties of animals. Eg: Sunandini, Jersey, Swissbrown etc
- 8. SUNANDINI • A very high yielding cross breeding cow specially suited for kerala. • It is developed in Indo Swiss Project at Mattupetty near Munnar.
- 9. VECHUR COW •Vechur cow is Kerala's own variety of cattle. •They are the smallest cows in the world. • They are commonly seen as brown color.
- 10. PECULARITIES OF VECHUR COW High milk yielding capacity. High disease resistance. Recently they reached the edge of extinction. As result of the combined efforts of Kerala Agriculture University and ICAR they get rebirth .
- 11. INDIAN VARIETY CATTLE SAHIWAL REDSINDHI
- 12. PECULARITIES OF INDIAN VARIETY Resistance to disease is high. Easy to rear. Weight of female less. Milk production is low. Milk production period is short.
- 13. FOREIGN VARIETY CATTLE SWISSBROWN JERSEY CROSS
- 14. PECULARITIES OF FOREIGN VARIETY Resistance to disease is low. Need more care. More weight . Milk production is high. Milk production period is long.
- 15. BENEFITS OF HYBRID VARIETY CATTLES Through hybridization we get high yielding varieties. Increasing milk production. High longevity. High immunity to disease.
- 16. CATTLE RESEARCH CENTRES Indian Council of Agriculture Research Centre, New Delhi. Alamatty, Tamil Nadu Surat Gargh, Rajasthan Dharm road, Gujarat Hassarhotta, Karnataka
- 17. CONCLUSION Hybrid variety animals are high yielding. But it is not good to depend on hybrid varieties by fully avoiding our native variety animals. They are a part of our valuable biological wealth. The hybrid breeds are resulted from the crosses between local varieties having some desirable characters with high yielding foreign varieties. So the disappearance of native varieties can lost even the possibility of the production of hybrid varieties itself. So it is equally importance to maintain our native varieties along with the high yield hybrid varieties.
- 18. REFERENCE Rieger, R.; Michaelis A.; Green, M. M. (1991). Glossary Of Genetics (5th Ed.). Springer Dr. Valsala Kumar, Msc Phil(phd)(zoology), (2008); New Jyothi Publications. Gerard J Tortora; Principles of Anatomy and Physiology (13th edition)