plants breeding

1. Plant and Animal Breeding and
Selection for Quality
Improvement and Management

2. Introduction
 Plant and Animal Breeding and Selection for Quality Improvement and
Management is a process of intentionally choosing and mating plants or animals
with desirable characteristics to create offspring that inherits those characteristics.
 This improves the overall quality of plants and animals by selecting for various
advantageous characteristics.

3. What is plant breeding?
 Plant breeding is the purposeful manipulation of qualities in plants to create new
varieties with a set of desired characteristics.
 Plants into which one or more genes from another species have been introduced
are known as transgenic plants.

4. Advantages of Plant Breeding
 Enhancement in yield
 Resistance from diseases
 Improved nutritional content
 Better adapted to environmental conditions
 More productive
 Withstand challenges (poor light, water, temperature, humidity and nutrition.)

5. Disadvantages of Plant Breeding
 Loss of genetic diversity
 Potential for unintended consequences
 A lot of time and resources are required
 Ethical and social concerns

6. Methods of Plant Breeding
 Traditional breeding: Traditional
methods involving controlled
pollination and selection.
 Hybridization: Cross-breeding of
two genetically different plants to
create hybrid vigor.
 Mutation breeding: Inducing
mutations using radiation or
chemicals to create new varieties.
 Genetic engineering: Manipulating
plant DNA to introduce desirable
traits.

7. Steps in Plant Breeding
 Selection of parents with
desired traits.
 Crossbreeding to combine the
desirable traits.
 Selection of offspring based on
desired traits.
 Repeated cycles of selection
and breeding to stabilize the
desired traits.
 Evaluation of new varieties for
yield, quality, and adaptability.

8. What is Animal Breeding?
 Mating of good quality animals to produce highly productive and suitable animals
for enhancement of overall performance in the subsequent generations and to
augment production and profitability is termed animal breeding.

9. Advantages of Animal Breeding
 Increased meat quality
 More milk production
 Disease resistance
 Enhancement in temperament
 Improvement in overall genetic makeup and performance of animals

10. Disadvantages of Animal Breeding
 Inbreeding depression
 Loss of natura traits
 Limited gene pool
 A lot of time and resources are required

11. Methods of Plant Breeding
 Selective breeding: Choosing
superior animals as parents for the
next generation.
 Inbreeding: Mating closely related
animals to concentrate desirable
traits.
 Crossbreeding: Breeding animals
from different breeds to combine
favourable traits.
 Artificial insemination: Introducing
semen from selected males into
females.

12. Steps in Animal Breeding
 Evaluation of individual
animals for desired traits.
 Selection of superior
animals as breeding stock.
 Controlled mating between
selected animals.
 Monitoring the offspring
for desired traits.
 Continual selection and
mating to improve the
overall population.

13. Challenges in Breeding and Selection
 Genetic diversity: Maintaining
diverse gene pools to avoid
inbreeding depression.
 Time and resources: Breeding
and selection processes require
substantial time and investment.
 Ethical considerations:
Balancing genetic improvement
with animal welfare and societal
concerns.

14. Applications of Breeding and Selection
 Crop improvement: Developing high-
yielding, disease-resistant, and climate-
resilient varieties.
 Livestock improvement: Enhancing
meat quality, milk production, and
disease resistance.
 Conservation: Breeding endangered
species to ensure their survival.
 Ornamental Plants and Pets: Breeders
focus on developing new varieties with
visually appealing traits, such as unique
colours, patterns, and shapes.

15. Conclusion
 Breeding and selection enhance desired traits, leading to improved quality in plants and
animals.
 Genetic improvement through selective breeding helps develop superior varieties and
breeds over generations.
 Breeding programs contribute to the adaptation of plants and animals to specific
environmental conditions.
 Disease resistance can be enhanced through targeted breeding efforts.
 Improved productivity and efficiency are achieved through selective breeding.
 Breeding programs aid in conserving genetic diversity within populations.
 Responsible breeding practices promote sustainable agriculture.
 However, disadvantages such as reduced genetic diversity and inbreeding depression need
to be addressed through careful management.

16. THANK YOU
BY: HARGUNPREET SINGH
OF: IX B