Reproduction in humans, male reproductive system, the Female reproductive system, Spermatogenesis, Oogenesis, fertilization, embryonic development, parturition, and lactation, reproductive endocrinology

1. Human Reproduction
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2. 1. The Male Reproductive System
• External genitalia: Penis & Scrotum
• Pair of male gonads: Testis
• The reproductive ducts: Seminiferous tubules/ Connecting duct/
Rete-testis/ Vasa efferentia/ Epididymis/ Vas deferens
• Associated glands: Seminal vesicles/ Prostate gland/ Bulbo-urethral
gland
• The male gamete: Spermatozoa
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3. • The male external genitalia:
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4. • The male external genitalia:
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5. • The male gonads: Pair of testes
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8. • Histology
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10. Associated glands of the male reproductive tract
1. Seminal vesicles
• Alkaline fluid – neutralizes the acidity of the male urethra and vagina
in order to facilitate the survival of spermatozoa.
• Fructose – provides an energy source for spermatozoa.
• Prostaglandins – have a role in suppressing the female immune
response to foreign semen.
• Clotting factors – designed to keep semen in the female reproductive
tract post-ejaculation.
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12. 2. Prostate gland
The fluid from the prostate is clear and slightly acidic.
Proteolytic enzymes and fibrolysin: an enzyme that reduces blood and
tissue fibres
citric acid and acid phosphatase: which help to increase the acidity
Ions and compounds of sodium, zinc, calcium, and potassium.
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14. 3. Bulbo-urethral glands/ Cowper’s glands
Secretion from the BU gland- Cowper’s fluid
Rich in mucoproteins
Lubrication of the glans under sexual stimulus
Neutralizing the acidity in the male urethra
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15. Sperm? Semen?
Sperm: the male reproductive gamete
Semen: The male reproductive fluid containing the
spermatozoa in suspension
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16. • Gross anatomy of the male reproductive tract
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19. The male gamete
• Spermatozoa
• Male gametogenesis:
* Spermatogenesis
* Spermiogenesis
* Spermiation
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24. Anatomy of mature male gamete
(spermatozoa)
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25. Enzymes of the sperm
• Sperm lysin
• Acrosin
• Hyaluronidases
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26. 2. The female reproductive system
• Female external genitalia: the Vulva
• Pair of female gonads: Ovaries
• The reproductive ducts: fallopian tubes/uterus/vagina
• Female gametes: oocyte/ ovum
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42. Menstrual cycle and hormones
• Cycle duration: 28 days Menarche
• Ovulation: 14th day Menopause
• Menstruation: 1-5 days
Menstrual cycle
*Ovarian changes
*Uterine changes
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44. 1. Menstrual phase/ secretory phase
• Day:
• Chemistry:
• Uterine changes:
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45. 2. Follicular phase
• Day:
• Chemistry:
• Ovarian changes:
• Uterine changes:
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46. 3. Ovulation phase:
• Day:
• Chemistry:
• Ovarian changes:
• Uterine changes:
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47. 4. Luteal phase:
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• Day:
• Chemistry:
• Ovarian changes:
• Uterine changes:

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49. Fertilization
• Fertilization
• Pathway of the gametes (post sexual intercourse)
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50. • Capacitation of sperm
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51. • Steps in fertilization/ Fertilization event
1st : ACROSOMAL REACTION
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52. • 2nd : CORTICAL REACTION
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Formation of the
Embryonic Disc

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Formation of Amniotic
Cavity

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Formation of the
Extra-embryonic
Mesoderm

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Formation of the Chorion

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Formation of the Yolk
Sac

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Formation of the
placenta

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80. DO IT YOURSELF
PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE FETUS
1ST TRIMESTER
2ND TRIMESTER
3RD TRIMESTER
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