This document provides explanations and examples of several English grammar concepts related to verb tenses and structures: 1) The present simple and continuous can be used to refer to definite future plans when mentioning a specific time like "next Friday." 2) "Be about to" followed by an infinitive verb expresses formal or official future arrangements. 3) Certain verbs take an infinitive verb as a complement, without using "that." 4) Tenses and structures are changed in reported speech compared to direct speech. Time references may be shifted. 5) Examples are given for using "just," "for," and "since" with the present perfect tense to indicate different time frames.

1. A)PRESENTS SIMPLE WITH FUTURE MEANING
WITH TIME EXPRESSIONS (NEXT FRIDAY, SOON) THE PRESENT SIMPLE AND
CONTINUOUS (PROGRESSIVE) ARE USED FOR DEFINITE FUTURE ARRANGEMENTS
AND PLANS. THE TIME MUST BE MENTIONED, OTHERWISE THE SENTENCE WOULD
NOT HAVE A FUTURE MEANING.
I AM WATCHING TV TONIGHT. (I WILL DO IT TONIGHT, IT IS MY PLAN.)
THE CONTINUOUS IS MORE INFORMAL. IT IS THE MOST USUAL WAY OF EXPRESSING
OUR PERSONAL PLANS.
I AM LEAVING ON SUNDAY. (I HAVE DECIDED TO LEAVE ON SUNDAY, IT IS MY PLAN.)
BUT: I LEAVE ON SUNDAY. (SOMEONE ELSE HAS DECIDED IT, IT IS SOMEONE'S PLAN
FOR ME.)
THE SIMPLE FORM IS TYPICALLY USED IN OFFICIAL STATEMENTS AND TIMETABLES.

2. SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURE OF NORTHEASTERN
ENGLISH
TEACHER OSCAR GARCIA
HOW TO USE THE TOPICS DICE PRACTICE NUMBER 5
HUGO LIZANDRO CORDON OVALLE
5TO P.A
A
GROUP 1
PLAINS FORGE, ZACAPA 06 THE MARCH 2015

3. B) FUTURE: “BE ABOUT TO” + “INFINITIVE”
WE USE BE ABOUT TO + INFINITIVE WHEN DISCUSSING FORMAL OR OFFICIAL
ARRANGEMENTS OR TO GIVE FORMAL INSTRUCTIONS OR ORDERS AND YOUR
EXAMPLES ILLUSTRATE THESE ASPECTS VERY WELL. FURTHER EXAMPLES
MIGHT BE :
• THE PRIME MINISTER IS TO MAKE A FURTHER VISIT TO DEVON NEXT WEEK
• WE ARE TO RECEVI A PAY RISE IN LINE WITH INFLATION IN SEPTEMBER
• I DON´T MIND HER GOING TO RUTH´S PARTY BUT SHE´S NOT TO BE BACK
LATE

4. B.1) VERBS + INFINITIVE
In general, to verbs relate to a goal, a projected time in the future. The verb expressing a wish
or hope is followed by a clause that is reduced to an infinitive clause. [The full clause is not
actually used in speech or writing.] A specific group of verbs is complemented by an infinitve
(nonfinite) clause.
SUBJ PRED COMP / ADJUNCT
NP V SUBORD that + CLAUSE
Ed needs [that Ed gets some help]
Ed hopes
[that Ed finds some peace
and quiet]
Ed likes [that Ed receives attention]
Ed hates
[that Ed hears criticism from
others]

5. C) PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE +
JUST/ FOR/ SINCE

6. C.1) JUST
• Just’ is usually used only with the present perfect tense and
it means ‘a short time ago’. I’ve just seen Susan coming out
of the cinema. Mike’s just called. Can you ring him back
please? Have you just taken my pen? Where has it gone?
In the present perfect, ‘just’ comes between the auxiliary
verb (‘have’) and the past participle. -

7. C.2) FOR
• It refers to an action that occurred in the past, but very close to this. Therefore, we can say
that the present perfect simple refers to the recent past. By ejempo: I Have Been in Madrid
esta morning.
STRUCTURE
- Affirmative: subject + have / has + past participle (-ed in regular / irregular 3rd column) +
accessories
- Negative: Subject + have not / has not + past participle + accessories
- Interrogative: Have / Has + subject + past participle + supplements?

8. C.3) SINCE
• used with a specific time indicating the start of a period of time: since Friday / 2004/10 o'clock.
You can also enter a whole phrase that refers to a situation which constitutes a specific time: I
have not seen him since I finished university. Since I finished university is a moment in my
life.
When we talk about the whole extension of time, we have to use for: for five years / ages / a
while. Formaldehyde is also used in questions with How long? (but not required put it): How
long have you Lived in BCN (for)? That if, if utilizais, always at the end of the question!
2. The other problem with this statement is the presence of Aug which is used only to talk
about situations that have no link with the present and which, therefore, we must speak using
the Simple Past.

9. D) REPORTED SPEEH
• Indirect speech, unlike the direct style, do not use the
quotes and need not be verbatim. In general, when indirect
speech is used, the tense changes. Here you have an
explanation of the changes they undergo tenses.
Sometimes "that" is used in the affirmative and negative to
introduce what the other person has said phrases. On the
other hand, interrogative sentences can be used "if" or
"whether".

10. E) PAST TENSE OF THERE IS / THERE ARE
• There are two tenses in English – past and present. The past tense in
English is used: to talk about the past to talk about hypotheses –
things that are imagined rather than true. for politeness. There are
four past tense forms in English: Past simple: I worked Past
continuous: I was working Past perfect: I had worked Past perfect
continuous: I had been working

11. F) PAST CONTINIOUS
• The past continuous use it for a long action and in the past was interrupted. The
action is constantly interrupted past and the action that is causing disruption in the
past simple. "When" and "while" indicate the use of simple and past continuous. In
general, we use the simple past directly after "when" and continued past after
"while." Examples:
Play
Jose called while I was watching the news. (Jose called while watching the news.)
Play
I was walking to work When I fell. (I was walking to his work when he fell.)
Play
Was it raining When you left? (It was raining when you left?)

12. G) INTRODUCTION TO THE PASSIVE VOICE
• Direct or indirect object (of the sentence in the active voice)
+ Verb "To Be" (in the tense of the active voice) + Past
Participle of the main verb (active voice) + Agent (composed
of the preposition by + subject sentence in the active voice).
Example: Active Voice: Tom Makes barbecue on Sunday.
Passive Voice: Barbecue is made on Sunday by Tom.

13. H) PRESENT SIMPLE PASSIVE
• The plants ......(WATER) by my mother every day.Las plantas ....(REGAR) por mi madre
todos los días.
The plants ARE WATERED by my mother every day. Las plantas SON REGADAS por mi
madre todos los días. (Oración en Present Simple Passive)
Debés saber que uno de los usos del Presente Simple es para acciones que son "hábitos o
rutinas".O sea,para acciones que se realizan repetidamente o para decir que algo no se hace
nunca.Eso se indica con un adverbio de frecuencia como OFTEN(=a
menudo),USUALLY(=habitualmente),ALWAYS (=siempre),NEVER (=nunca),etc.y también
con complementos de tiempo como "On Sundays"(=los domingos),"Every day"(=todos los
días),"at the weekend"(=el fín de semana) ,"in the morning"(=a la mañana),etc.
Por lo tanto,debés fijarte si existe alguno de esos indicadores.

14. E-GRAFY
• http://www.e-grammar.org/present-tense-be-going-to-future/
• http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/grammar/learnit/learni
tv103.shtml
• http://www.grammar-quizzes.com/infinitive2a.html
• http://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/en/grammar-reference/just-yet-still-
already
• http://www.ejerciciosinglesonline.com/exercises-and-theory/grammar-
exercises-and-theory/present-perfect-simple/
• http://www.ejerciciodeingles.com/present-perfect-for-since/
• http://es.slideshare.net/albean/introduccin-a-la-voz-pasiva-en-ingls