This document provides information on the present simple, present perfect, and present continuous tenses in English. It discusses the forms, uses, and rules for each tense. For the present simple, it describes how it is used to describe routines, habits, and frequent actions. For the present perfect, it explains how it is used for actions that started in the past and continue now, past experiences, and actions with present results. And for the present continuous, it outlines how it expresses ongoing actions happening now or around the moment of speaking.

1. National Institute of
Business
Department of English
Topic: Present Simple ,present
perfect & Present continuous
Lecturer: BUN CHEAMPHANG
Group: 1
1.SOEM SAMEANG
2.KEN THEARITH
3.YIM SONY
4.UM KIMCHANRAKSMEY
Ken Thearith B10

2. Content
1.Present Simple
2.Present perfect Simple
3.Present Continuous

3. PRESENT SIMPLE

4. FORM
AFFIRMATIVE
I / You / We / They
He / She / It
read
reads
INTERROGATIVE
Do
I/ you / we /they
Does he / she / it
read?
NEGATIVE
I/ You / We / They
do not
He / She / It
does not
don’ t
doesn’t
read

5. USE
 We use the Present Simple Tense :
 To describe routines.
 To describe habits.
 To describe what we frequently do.

6. IN A SENTENCE
It is easy to recognize when we have to use the
present simple tense, we can find some of
these words :
 Every Adverbs of frequency (usually, often, never,
…)
 Expressions like “ on Mondays, in summer…”

7. Adverbs and Expressions of
Frequency and use present simple
 We often use the present simple with
adverbs of frequency (always, usually, often,
sometimes, rarely, seldom, hardly ever,
never). The go before the main verb, but
after ‘to be’.
• They often go out.
• I’m always late.
 Expressions of frequency (every day, once a
month, three times a year) usually go at the
end of the sentence
• I have English classed twice a week.

8.  To describe repeated actions or habits
• I get up at seven every morning.
 To talk about things that are always or generally true
• Water boils at 100o C.
 To describe a permanent situation or a condition with
no definite start or finish but which is true now
• We live in London.
 With adverbs of frequency such as always, usually, etc.
• She often studies in the library.
 With time expressions such as every day/ week/ year,
in the morning/ afternoon/ evening and at night
• I go to the gym once a week.
 To express future meaning with actions and events
that are part of a fixed timetable or a schedule
• The train leaves at 8’30.

9. SPELLING RULES
Most verbs take –s in the third person singular.
I read – he reads
Verbs ending in –ss, sh, ch, x, and –o take – es
I Kiss – he Kisses.
I brush – he brushes,
I teach – he teaches,
I fix – he fixes,
I go – he goes
Verbs ending in a consonant + y drop the – y and take
–ies
I try – he tries,
I fly – he flies
Verbs ending in a vowel + y, simple take –s
I buy –he buys

10. PRESENT PERFECT
SIMPLE

11. FORMS
 Examples:
 You have seen that movie many times.
(affirmative)
 Have you seen that movie many times?
(interrogative)
 You have not seen that movie many times.
(negative)

12. STRUCTURE
 SUBJECT + HAVE/HAS + VERB PAST PARTICIPLE + OBJECT (+)
Ex: I have bought a car.
Ex: She has bought a car.
 SUBJECT + HAVEN’T / HAS NOT + VERB PAST PARTICIPLE + OBJECT (-)
Ex: I haven’t bought a car.
Ex: She has not bought a car.
 HAVE/HAS + SUBJECT + VERB PAST PARTICIPLE + OBJECT + ? (?)
Ex: have you bought a car?
Ex: has she bought a car?

13. TIME EXPRESSIONS
 You CANNOT use the Present Perfect with specific
time expressions such as: yesterday, one year
ago, last week, when I was a child, when I lived in,
at that moment, that day, one day, etc.
 We CAN use the Present Perfect with unspecific
expressions such as: ever, never, once, many
times, several times, before, so far, already, yet,
etc.

14. USES:
 ACTIONS THAT STARTED IN THE PAST AND ARE
STILL CONTINUING.
 ACTIONS WHICH HAPPENED AT SOME
UNKNOWN TIME IN THE PAST (EXPERIENCE).
 ACTIONS WHICH HAPPENED IN THE PAST, BUT
HAVE AN EFFECT IN THE PRESENT.
 RECENT PAST.

15. ACTIONS THAT STARTED IN THE PAST
AND ARE STILL CONTINUING.
 When speaking about something that started in
the past and has continued up until now, we use
words such us FOR and SINCE.
 For: with a length of time.
 Ex: I’ve lived here for five years.
 Since: with a starting time.
 Ex: I’ve been a teacher since 2007.

16. ACTIONS WHICH HAPPENED AT
SOME UNKNOWN TIME IN THE PAST
(EXPERIENCE)
 You can use the Present Perfect to describe your experience. It is
like saying, "I have the experience of..." You can also use this
tense to say that you have never had a certain experience.
 Ex: Joan has studied two foreign languages
 Ever & Never.
 Examples:
 He has never travelled by train.
 A: Have you ever met him?.
B: No, I have not met him.

17. ACTIONS WHICH HAPPENED IN THE
PAST, BUT HAVE AN EFFECT IN THE
PRESENT.
 The action happened at some time in the past, but
the effect of the action is still important now.
 Examples:
 I’ve lost my keys. (still missing)
 I’ve cut my finger –and now it’s bleeding- (still
injured)

18. RECENT PAST
 Recently completed actions.
 Key words: just, already and yet.
 Examples:
 He has JUST played football (it is over now).
 Have you finished yet?
 I’ve already written the report (here it is)

19. Just
 We use just to express actions that happened
RECENTLY.
 Ex: Maria has JUST finished her homework (not so
long ago)
 Ex: It has just started to rain.

20. ALREADY
 We use ‘already’ to express actions that have
finished before the actions were expected to finish.
 I have already done my homework
 Jorge has already watched ‘Transformers’ the movie.
 Cinthia has already read that book.

21. YET
 We use yet for negative and interrogative sentences.
 It is used to express expectations.
 Ex: Have you eaten sushi yet? (you expected that the
other person has already eaten sushi).
 Ex: I haven’t been to Europe yet. (But I expect to go).

22. TIPS
 1) We often use NEVER and EVER with the PPS to
talk about experience.
 2) We often use SINCE and FOR to say how long
the action has lasted.
 3) We often use JUST, ALREADY and YET with the
PPS for a recently completed action in the past.

23. PRESENT
CONTINUOUS

24. What is present continuous?
•The Present Continuous is mainly
used to express the idea that
something is happening at the moment
of speaking. The Present
Continuous also describes activities
generally in progress.
Another use of the tense is to talk
about temporary actions or future
plans.

25. Base form
•affirmative
Subject + verb to be + gerund verb +
complement
• negative
Subject + verb to be +denial +gerund verb
+complement
• interrogative
verb to be + Subject +gerund verb
+complement ?

26. Form Present continuous
AFFIRMATIVE
NEGATIVE
INTERROGATIVE
I am playing
I am not / I’m not playing
Am I playing?
You are playing
You are not / aren’t playing
Are you playing?
He is playing
He is not / isn’t playing
Is he playing?
She is playing
She is not / isn’t playing
Is she playing?
It is playing
It is not / isn’t playing
Is it playing?
We are playing
We are not / aren’t playing
Are we playing?
You are playing
You are not / aren’t playing
Are you playing?
They are playing They are not / aren’t
playing
Are they playing?

27. VERB + ing (spelling rules)
1.Most verbs add
Ex: going
-ing to the base form of the verb.
wearing
visiting
eating
2. Verbs that end in one -e drop the –e + ing
Ex: smoking
coming
hoping
writing
But verbs that end in –ee don´t drop an –e . but + ing
Ex: agreeing
seeing
3. Verbs CVC: double the last consonant + ing
Ex: hop + p + ing = hopping
Ex: travel + l + ing = travelling

28. But if the final consonant is –y or-w, it is not doubled.
Ex: playing
showing
4. Verbs that end -iey + ing
Ex: die = dying
Ex: lie = lying

29. PRESENT CONTINUOUS’ USE
1) Actions happening at the moment of speaking
Ex: Peter is reading a book now.
2) Fixed plan in the near future
Ex: She is going to Phnom penh on Saturday.
3) Temporary actions
Ex: His father is working in Rome this month.

30. 4) Actions happening around the moment
of speaking (longer actions)
Ex:My friend is preparing for his exams.
5) Trends
Ex:More and more people are using their
computers listen to music.
6) Repeated actions which are irritating to
the speaker (with always, constantly,
forever)
Ex:Andrew is always coming late.

32. What are they doing?
He is playing baseball.
I am skiing.

33. He IS DANCING hip hop now.
He IS PLAYING tennis at the moment.
The dog is having a bath.

34. The girl is eating a banana.
The boy is drinking water.
He is listening to the music.

35. He is washing his teeth.
They are fishing in the river.
The man is watching TV.

36. The baby is laughing.
He is cooking chicken.
They are dancing right now.

37. References
www.google.com
www.slideshare.net
Basic Grammar book. IDE

38. Question time?
The End