This document discusses biomedical waste generated in healthcare settings. It states that about 85% of waste from hospitals is non-hazardous, while 10% is infectious waste and 5% is hazardous. It provides examples of different types of clinical, laboratory, and non-clinical waste and how waste is typically collected and disposed of at hospitals. The document notes that medical waste can pollute the environment and pose health risks if not properly managed.

2.  Biomedical waste- is defined as the waste
generated during the diagnosis treatment or
immunization of human beings or animals or in
research activities pertaining there to or in the
production of testing
 Biomedical wate is generated in different
department of the hospital in health care setting ,
about 85% of the waste generated is non
hazardous, about 10% is infection and 5% non
infection but hazardous waste

3.  a)Clinical waste: Clinical waste includes body fluid,
drainage bags, blood collection tubes, vials,
 culture dishes, other types of broken/unbroken glassware
that were in contact with infectious agents,
 gauze, bandage or any other materials that were in contact
with infectious agents or blood,
 pathological waste including organs, body parts, tissues.
These are potentially dangerous and presents
 a high risk of infection.
 .

4.  b)Laboratory waste: Laboratory waste is also of high risk
category. This includes chemicals used in
 the pathological laboratories, microbial cultures, and clinical
specimens, slide, culture dish, needle,
 syringes, as well as radioactive waste such as iodine-125,
iodine -131, etc.
 .

5.  c)Non-clinical waste: Wrapping paper, office
paper, and plastic that have not been in contact
with
 patient body fluid are the examples of non- clinical
waste
 d) Kitchen waste: Kitchen waste includes food
waste, dirty water, etc. It is also a potential source
of
 pests and vermin, thus creates an indirect hazard
to staff and hospital patients

6.  Waste is collected from a small bowl or bin, kept under
each bed in a hospital or a clinic and then either
 in a large plastic bag or a (plastic or metal) bucket.
With a push cart these wastes are then carried to the

7. nearest municipal bin for dumping. The municipal bins
are either within hospital premises or outside the
municipal bins
 . This waste is then collected from municipal bins by
trucks and carried to the landfill area for final disposal
 hospital. Waste from operation theaters,
laboratories and hospital kitchens are also dumped
into the same

8.  Medical waste usually consists of clinical and non-clinical
waste. Such pollutants can, therefore, be
 broadly classified into solid wastes, and liquid waste
(wastewater). Both are important sources of
 environmental degradation and constitute a health hazard.


9.  For example the soil on which waste is dumped
is a reservoir of microbial life. Also waste-
contaminated water contains pathogenic micro-
organisms
which can cause many diseases.

10.  Destroy the needle and syringes separate sharps in
plastic box provided and send to pharmacy stores

11.  Evaluate the present scenario this entails preaudit and
auditing of hospital waste
 preparation of job charts for hospital waste management
 Asses all cost associated with waste management
 Train the trainees and employers
 Evaluate technical procedures, cost and policies