Bio-Medical Waste Management

1. LET THE WASTE OF THE “SICK”
NOT CONTAMINATE THE LIVES
OF THE “HEALTHY”

2. Wastes
Solid waste
Household
waste
Industrial waste
Biomedical
waste or
hospital waste
Liquid Waste
Gaseous
Waste
WASTES
“Something which is
not put into proper
usage at a given time”.

3.  Anything tested or used on an individual ,or any
trash from biological experiments or medical
waste.
 According to bio-medical waste rules,1998 of
India, which provide uniform guidelines and
codes of practice (for BMWM) –
 “BMW” means any waste which is generated
during diagnosis , treatment , immunization of
humans or animals or in research activities
pertaining there to or in the production or
testing of bio medicals.

4. Developed Countries- 1-5 kg/bed/day, with variations
among countries.
In India-
1-2 kg/bed/day with variation among
Govt. and Private establishments.
Approximately 506.74 tons/ day wastes generated
Out of which only 57% waste undergoes proper
disposal

5. • Hospitals
• Dental chambers
• Nursing homes
• Pathological labs
• Blood banks
• Veterinary institutions
• Bio-medical and biotech research centers.

6.  Infection(skin, eye, respiratory, gastro entric ,
blood prone diseases)
 Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity(irritation in skin
,eye)
 Chemical toxicity (burns ,poisoning on
exposure)
 Radioactivity hazards (headache , tissue
damage)
 Physical injuries
 Public sensitivity (visual impact)

7.  in 2000
 injections with contaminated syringes caused:
• 21 million hepatitis B virus (HBV)
infections (32% of all new infections);
• Two million hepatitis C virus (HCV)
infections (40% of all new infections);
• 260 000 HIV infections (5% of all new)

9.  Human anatomical waste
 Animal waste
 Microbiology and
biotechnology waste
 Waste sharps
 Liquid waste
 Tissues, organs, body parts
 Generated during
research/experimentation,
from veterinary hospitals
 Laboratory cultures, micro-
organisms, human and animal
cell cultures, toxins
 hypodermic needles, syringes,
scalpels, broken glass
 Generated from any of the
infected areas

10.  Soiled waste
 Chemical waste
 Discarded medicines and
cyto-toxic drugs
 Radioactive Components
 Incineration ash
 Dressing, bandages, plaster casts,
material contaminated with blood
 Alcohol, Sulphuric acid, chlorine
powder, Glutaraldehyde, Picric
acid, fertiliser, ammonia
 Barium enema, X-rays, Cancer
chemotherapy, tar-based products
 EtBr, Radioactive components
Components of Bio-medical waste

11. Pharmaceutical Waste
Sharp Waste 11

12. Cytotoxic drugs
Lab reagents
Genotoxic waste
Chemical
waste
12

13. Waste with high content
of heavy metals
Worn out batteries
Blood pressure guages
13

14. Gas
cartridges
Gas cylinders
Aerosol cans
PRESSURISED
CONTAINERS
14

15. Radioactive waste
15

16. Cat- 1 Human Anatomical Wastes
Cat- 2 Animal Anatomical Wastes
Cat- 3 Microbiology and Biotechnology wastes
Cat- 4 Waste Sharps
Cat- 5 Discarded medicines and Cytotoxic
drugs

17. Cat- 6 Sailed Wastes
Cat- 7 Solid Wastes
Cat- 8 Liquid wastes
Cat- 9 Incineration Ash
Cat- 10 Chemical wastes
Classification of Waste Category
as per WHO standard cont…

18. Non-Infectious
waste, 80%
Pathological
and Infectious
waste, 15%
Chemical and
Pharmaceutical
waste, 3%
Sharps,
1%
Radioactive,
Cytotoxic and
heavy metals,
1%

19. 19
Blood bags found in the municipal waste stream in violation of
rules for such waste.

20. 20

22. 1.Survey of waste generated.
2. Segregation of hospital waste.
3. Collection & Categorization of waste.
4. Storage of waste.( Not beyond 48 hrs. )
5. Transportation of waste.
6. Treatment of waste.

23. 1. Know what hazards
you have
2. Purchase smallest
quantity needed, and
don’t purchase
hazardous materials if
safe alternative exists
5: Managing Medical WasteSlide 23
**Use mercury-free thermometers

24. 3. Limit use and access
to trained persons
with personal
protective gear
5: Managing Medical Waste Slide 24

25.  Don’t accumulate unneeded products
 Don’t let peroxides and oxidizing agents turn
into bombs
Photo of bomb robot called
into hospital to dispose of
picric acid.

26.  Examples of hazard labels:
5: Managing Medical WasteSlide 26

27.  Job description
 Posters on doors
 Labels on hazards
 Give feedback on use of PPE
and disposal in evaluation
 Role model safe use and
disposal
 Contact point who is
responsible
5: Managing Medical Waste

28. 5: Managing Medical WasteSlide 28

29.  Source Reduction - ways to lessen the amount
of material
◦ Segregation - keeping noninfectious waste out of the
infectious waste stream
◦ Minimization - reduce or eliminate waste at the source
◦ Engineering controls - methods to reduce quantity of
waste(smaller containers)

33. • Thus refuse disposal cannot be solved without public education.
• Individual participation is required.
• Municipality and government should pay importance to disposal
of waste economically.
• Thus educating and motivating oneself first is important and
then preach others about it.

34. Lets Make This World A
Better Place to Live in.
THANK YOU