Hong Kong has a highly efficient transit system that moves over 11 million passengers daily. The system includes walking, buses, ferries, trams, and the Mass Transit Railway (MTR) metro system. The MTR is very profitable and has expanded rapidly since opening in 1979. It now includes 8 lines and over 300 trains during peak periods. The MTR is also a major property developer, building developments around many of its 80+ stations. Overall, Hong Kong's transit system demonstrates how high density and a focus on sustainable transportation can serve a large population.
Conservation and Management: A case study of Jaisalmer Fort, Rajasthan, IndiaVijay Meena
Conservation and Management: A case study of Jaisalmer Fort, Rajasthan, India
Presentation Structure
Introduction to Jaisalmer
History of Jaisalmer
Architectural History: Plan, Fort Wall & Building types
Architectural History: Fort Wall
Natural Threats
Human Threats
Project Works:
ARCHEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA (ASI)
INDIAN NATIONAL TRUST FOR ARTS AND CULTURAL HERITAGE (INTACH)
Conclusion
Conservation and Management: A case study of Jaisalmer Fort, Rajasthan, IndiaVijay Meena
Conservation and Management: A case study of Jaisalmer Fort, Rajasthan, India
Presentation Structure
Introduction to Jaisalmer
History of Jaisalmer
Architectural History: Plan, Fort Wall & Building types
Architectural History: Fort Wall
Natural Threats
Human Threats
Project Works:
ARCHEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA (ASI)
INDIAN NATIONAL TRUST FOR ARTS AND CULTURAL HERITAGE (INTACH)
Conclusion
Brasilia - Urban City Planning - Human Settlement - UD YuktaYogeesh1
Brasilia | Urban City Planning | Human Settlement Planning | Settlement Pattern | History | Evolution | Concept | City Planning | Urban Form | Physical Layout | Master Plan | Land use map | Infrastructure | Population | Demographics | Road Network | Pros and Cons | Predicting Future Of Brasilia
Urban design deals with the large scale of groups of buildings, streets, and public spaces, whole neighborhoods, and districts, and entire cities, with the goal of making areas functional, attractive and sustainable. Urbanization happening rapidly nowadays. projects in the portfolio discriminate with other(splintering city, local area planning, housing and mapping of networks). To deal with these urban design tools are used to demonstrate.
iginally a Viking fishing village founded in the 10th century then became the capital of Denmark in the early 15th century. Beginning in the 17th century it consolidated its position as a regional center of power with its institutions, defences and armed forces. After suffering from the effects of plague and fire in the 18th century, the city underwent a period of redevelopment. This included construction of the prestigious district of Frederiksstaden and founding of such cultural institutions as the Royal Theatre and the Royal Academy of Fine Arts. After further disasters in the early 19th century when Nelson attacked the Dano-Norwegian fleet and bombarded the city, rebuilding during the Danish Golden Age brought a Neoclassical look to Copenhagen's architecture. Later, following the Second World War, the Finger Plan fostered the development of housing and businesses along the five urban railway routes stretching out from the city centre.
Copenhagen – a pioneer in sustainable urban development
Urban planners are Steen Eiler Rasmussen ,Christian Erhardt “Peter” Bredsdorff and Jan Gehl.
In 2014, Copenhagen won the prestigious European Green Capital award, presented by the European Commission, which recognizes efforts to improve the urban environment, the economy and the quality of life. The city was chosen as “a good model in terms of urban planning and design” and especially for its work as a “transport pioneer.”
Copenhagen is recognized as one of the most environmentally friendly cities in the world
Commercial and residential buildings are to reduce electricity consumption by 20 percent and 10 percent respectively
Copenhagen has ranked high in international surveys for its quality of life.
Park Acreage: 6,143
Park acreage per 1000 residents: 1.2 Acres
Copenhagen reacted with a Climate Adaptation Plan to improve the city’s defenses against water and extreme weather. Among the actions being taken are the building of dikes and better management of storm water.
Brasilia - Urban City Planning - Human Settlement - UD YuktaYogeesh1
Brasilia | Urban City Planning | Human Settlement Planning | Settlement Pattern | History | Evolution | Concept | City Planning | Urban Form | Physical Layout | Master Plan | Land use map | Infrastructure | Population | Demographics | Road Network | Pros and Cons | Predicting Future Of Brasilia
Urban design deals with the large scale of groups of buildings, streets, and public spaces, whole neighborhoods, and districts, and entire cities, with the goal of making areas functional, attractive and sustainable. Urbanization happening rapidly nowadays. projects in the portfolio discriminate with other(splintering city, local area planning, housing and mapping of networks). To deal with these urban design tools are used to demonstrate.
iginally a Viking fishing village founded in the 10th century then became the capital of Denmark in the early 15th century. Beginning in the 17th century it consolidated its position as a regional center of power with its institutions, defences and armed forces. After suffering from the effects of plague and fire in the 18th century, the city underwent a period of redevelopment. This included construction of the prestigious district of Frederiksstaden and founding of such cultural institutions as the Royal Theatre and the Royal Academy of Fine Arts. After further disasters in the early 19th century when Nelson attacked the Dano-Norwegian fleet and bombarded the city, rebuilding during the Danish Golden Age brought a Neoclassical look to Copenhagen's architecture. Later, following the Second World War, the Finger Plan fostered the development of housing and businesses along the five urban railway routes stretching out from the city centre.
Copenhagen – a pioneer in sustainable urban development
Urban planners are Steen Eiler Rasmussen ,Christian Erhardt “Peter” Bredsdorff and Jan Gehl.
In 2014, Copenhagen won the prestigious European Green Capital award, presented by the European Commission, which recognizes efforts to improve the urban environment, the economy and the quality of life. The city was chosen as “a good model in terms of urban planning and design” and especially for its work as a “transport pioneer.”
Copenhagen is recognized as one of the most environmentally friendly cities in the world
Commercial and residential buildings are to reduce electricity consumption by 20 percent and 10 percent respectively
Copenhagen has ranked high in international surveys for its quality of life.
Park Acreage: 6,143
Park acreage per 1000 residents: 1.2 Acres
Copenhagen reacted with a Climate Adaptation Plan to improve the city’s defenses against water and extreme weather. Among the actions being taken are the building of dikes and better management of storm water.
Infrastructures and services are known to be the backbone of any human settlement . They are known to be determinant of the quality of life and operational efficiency of any city. They are also the one regulating the productivity of the city. Infra remain vital for all the urban residents , communities, city and the state. Accordingly, it becomes important that infrastructures on prescribed norms and standards are made available in both quantity and quality in the human habitation. Providing Infra requires lot of resources and technology know how. Accordingly adequate provision in the budget of urban local bodies need to be provided. in addition to providing infra and services, it is critical that they are also maintained properly. Key issues in the infra is the delivery of services. Government must involve private sector in providing services. Services charges also have to be rational to make them affordable. Providing services and infra remains a difficult and innovative option. It offers both a challenge and an opportunity. All ULBs must ensure adequate services of appropriate quality to all its citizens , even poorest of poor, to lead a dignified living.
Infrastructure remain the backbone and the foundation of all communities, states and nations to operate efficiently, grow rationally and provide best quality of life to its inhabitants. Infrastructure is known to be great connector and distributors. Nothing can work without the provision of good infrastructures. All developing nations are struggling to provide appropriate infrastructure but have failed to deliver. Infrastructure remain labour and cost- intensive and are dictated by the policies and the programs evolved by the government. Cities have limited capacity, capability and willingness to provide appropriate infrastructure which make them unattractive and less productive. Cities need empowerment and also innovate and look for options which can help them create infrastructure without causing undue financial liabilities. In this regard planned development offers the best option to create and deliver appropriate infrastructures at the local level based on defined norms and standards. Town planning schemes have been reckoned to be the best options to create infrastructure at at local level. Involving communities in creation and determination of priorities shall always remain valuable. Infrastructures should be self-financing and self-sustainable. It should involve best of the quality to make them cost-effective and operationally efficient. Providing adequate supportive infrastructure will always remain crucial and valuable for all the societies and human settlement, both urban and rural. All human settlements must be planned, developed, operated and maintained with appropriate quality infrastructure to make then sustainable, qualitative, livable and operationally efficient.
Presentation details the context, role and importance of both hard and soft infrastructure in making the human living more qualitative, productive, effective and efficient; briefs about the current status of infrastructure in urban India, roadblocks faced by institutions involved in the development of the cities in providing infrastructure and options to create appropriate level of infrastructures in urban India in order to make India a role model of urban development and making India third ranked global economy.
Urban morphology of the capital city of South Korea, Seoul. Explains the changes in the urban fabric, textures and the pattern of the city throughout the time.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
4. TERRAIN
• Physical geography:
• 1 peninsula, 230+ islands
• development hemmed in by mountains, hills, and ocean
• encourages high density, vertical development and maritime
trade
• Nearly 75% of HK is ‘open space’, nearly 50% protected
‘country parks’
5. POPULATION
• Population: 7.1 million Area
Pop
(millions)
• 95% Chinese HK Island 1.3
Kowloon 2.1
• 5% primarily Westerners, Filipinos, Indians, Malays
New Territories 3.5
• Most live in ‘residential high-rises’ Lantau Island 0.14
• Population Density: 2nd among high-income nations (16,711 sq. mi)
• Biggest wealth gap in Asia (0.53 Gini)
• Median Age: 43.4
7. ECONOMY (2011-2012 DATA)
‧GDP (PPP): $325.8 billion (7% growth)
‧$45,736 per capita income
‧Unemployment 3.2%
‧Leading Employment Sectors:
‧Trade, Restaurants & Hotels: 43.3%,
‧FIRE 20.7%,
‧Community & Social Services 19.5%
Sources: WSJ Asia, World Bank
8. GLOBAL CITY
‧Freest Economy in World (18 years in a row)
‧1st in Financial Market Growth
‧1st in Life Expectancy
‧5th ranked in Global City Index:
｀1st in international air freight, 2nd in port throughput’
‧Resilient in global recession
• Sources: CATO/Fraser Institute, World Economic Forum, UN,
Bloomberg,
9. EARLY HISTORY
‧4000 BCE: early settlements on HK shoreline
‧200 BCE: Han dynasty mainlanders settle
‧1600s BE: early European interactions
‧1839: British imperialists occupy, assume control of HK
‧1875: Pop. soars from 7,000 to more than 100,000
‧1875-1941: Hong Kong as British free port/entrepôt
10. FROM OCCUPATION TO ECONOMIC
DYNAMO
‧1941 Pop: 1.6 million After-WW2 Pop: 600,000
‧Japanese occupation: starvation, inflation, deportations
‧Influx of Chinese civil war refugees in late 1940s
‧Emergence of Hong Kong as economic Asian Tiger
‧manufacturing export boom
‧Population soared to 3.1 million in 1961, 3.9 in 1971
11. MEETING CHALLENGES
•Refugee influx & economic boom lead to
overcrowding, bottlenecks:
• 1950’s:
public housing estate system created (where now
more than 47% live)
• ‘New Towns’ planned, rail transit envisioned
12. NEW TOWNS
• 1970s: Nine new towns proposed to alleviate overcrowding.
• Most were in the rural New Territories (NT).
• Included mix of public & private housing estates, retail and other
business, education & medical infrastructure
• Connected to main employment centers in HK & Kowloon with
highways & bus services (later on, MTR).
13. SHA TIN NEW TOWN
In Progress-late 1970’s
2007 630,000 pop
15. NEW TOWNS NOW
Tsuen Wan (774,000 pop)
• Now home to 3.5 million people- the ‘suburbs of HK’
• Almost all pop. growth in last decade was in N.T.
• Future land development - mostly infill, land reclamation & brownfield
revitalization
16. NEW TOWNS
N1 Tai Po New Town
N2 Fanling/Sheung Shui New Town
E1 Sha Tin New Town N3 Yuen Long New Town K1 Kai Tak Development
E2 Tseung Kwan New Town N4 Tin Shui Wai New Town H3 Cheung Chau
H1: Tung Chung New Town N5 Tsuen Wan New Town Development
N6 Tuen Mun New Town
17. WALKING
• central part of all transit
modes
• walking from
home or work to
transit stop/
station
• walking between
transit modes
(e.g., bus to
MTR)
18. WALKWAY NETWORKS
• onHK Island, network of underground tunnels, overground
walkways runs for miles
• links
public & private residential buildings, transit options, retail,
government,
• aformal urbanism?
• Frampton, Solomon & Wong ‘City Without Ground’
19.
20.
21. TRANSIT
• Over 90% of residents use transit & it counts for 72% of motorized trips
• 11 million passenger rides daily on all modes
• Modes include walking, buses, mini-buses, trams, ferries, and the MTR (Mass
Transit Railway)
• Intense competition among modes & companies keeps prices low and
service quality high
• Super-majority of HK residents walk to MTR stations, nearly 60% live near
MTR stations
22. OCTOPUS CARD
• Transformative, non-touch
payment system coded into key
chains, cards, etc.
• Can be used at many businesses
and for all transit options
• Speeds entry onto transit options
23.
24. MTR
• First line active in 1979
• Very rapid expansion ever since
• Foundation of modern HK Transit
• 38% (largest) market share of transit
• Tokyo & NYC rail systems are larger
26. MTR
• 8 main lines for 80+ stations
• 2 special lines (Disneyland, Airport
130 km/h Express)
• 300+ trains active at AM & PM
peaks
• Over 4 million daily riders
• 20-35 mins on a complete route for
most lines
• Trains carry 300+ passengers
27. MTR
• 5 mins or less frequency at peak
• 12 mins or less non-peak
• Ridership is profitable
($1.3 billion (USD) fare profits)
• Privatized in 2000
28. RAIL + PROPERTY
• Train Operator & Real Estate Developer
• ‘Transit-Oriented Development on steroids’:
• developments around 29 of 80+ stations so far
• owns 12 shopping malls, 81,962 residential units, and 744,214 sq.
meters office/commercial space, almost all located around stations
• $1.89 billion (USD) net profit (2011)
29.
30. MTR STATIONS
• Stations have many varieties of shops.
• Bakeries, restaurants, coffee/tea
shops, retail stores & markets
• Designed for ease of exit & entry
• Stations often have multiple
access points N/E/S/W
• Large maps, detailed signs show
key locations around station
31. HIGH SPEED RAIL: HONG KONG-CHINA
• By 2015, mostly underground high speed rail line from W.
Kowloon to China.
• 26 k/m section in Hong Kong for $5 billion (USD)
• Cuts travel time in half from 100 minutes to 48
33. BUSES
• Local, rapid, regional and MTR feeder lines
• Over 700 routes
• Nearly 4 million daily riders, 33.6% market share
• Widespread use of bus-only lanes
•5 private companies, no public bus co.
• Over 7,000 ‘private buses’- licensed for businesses, schools, etc.
34. LIGHT BUSES
• 4000+ Light Buses (Mini-Buses)
• 16 passenger max
• Nearly 2 million daily passengers,
16.3% market share
• 2 types (green & red)
• Green runs defined route
• Red is flexible
35. TRAMS
• Exclusively double-decker line
• ‘Ding dings’ to locals
• > 100+ tram stops
• >200K passengers
• Price $2.30 HK ($.33 USD)
36. TAXIS & OTHER AUTOS
• Autos discouraged> high taxes (fuel, owner) & fees (parking)
• 18,000+ taxis
• 8% of transit share
• 5,000 more than NYC
40. STUDY ABROAD
• Consider studying abroad at http://studyabroad.uncg.edu/
• Hong Kong is home to three World Top 50 research universities
• University of Hong Kong
• Chinese University of Hong Kong
• Hong Kong University of Science & Technology
