Kozhikode, Kerala is a coastal city located on the Malabar coast. It has a population of over 3 million according to the 2011 Census and is 38% urbanized. The document discusses Kozhikode's history, population growth, land use, economic activities, infrastructure services like water, sanitation, transport and key issues facing development. It provides statistics on demographics, religious composition, housing and outlines the evolution of the city from a port town established in the 9th century.

1. Kozhikode , Kerala Farhana.k
2120200095
Sem-5,3rd year
B.Planning
SPA Vijayawada

2. Kozhikode
 Kozhikode (Calicut) is a city in the state of Kerala in southern
India on the Malabar coast.
 It has an elevation of 1 metre (3 ft) along the coast with the
city's eastern edges rising to at least 15 metre.
 District has three distinct regions –
 Sandy coastal belt
 Rocky highlands formed by the hilly portion of the Western
Ghats
 Lateritic midland.
 Three National High ways NH-17, NH-212 and NH 213 passes
through the District.
Source: RTPO Kozhikode
NH 17 (77 km-
North South
direction)
• Connects the
District with
major cities of
Mangalore and
Kochi
NH 212 (55 Km-
East direction)
• Connects Mysore
and Bangalore
NH 213 (2.5Km
within the City)
• Connects City
with Chennai
and Coimbatore

3. How the city evolved?
9th century-
Calicut
became a part
of the Second
Chera Empire
Kingdom
got divided
to Nadus
Area came under
the Kolarthiris,
rulers of Polanad
Sangam Age-Calicut
District formed
part of the Chera
Empire
Fort was
built as an
outlet to
sea
1615-British reached Calicut
under Captain William
keeling and concluded a
treaty of trade 1766-The Mysore intervention
led to the virtual end of the
Zamorin rule
1757-Mysore
intervention
started under
Hyder Ali
1766-1792 -Tipu ceded
Malabar to East India
Company
Treaty of sri
rengapatnam,
Malabar became part
of madras presidency
Calicut’s
functioning as a
port ended and
port shifted to
cochin.
1956-Malabar District
was combined with
the state of
Travancore and
Cochin to form the
new state of Kerala
1498-Vasco da Gama
reached the outer
roads of Calicut and
anchored at Kappad
Zamorian
started
engaging in
war with
Dutch

4.  Calicut evolved due to its port activities, due to which
settlements were formed near velliyangady(core area).
Later, commercial activities started replacing trade and
port activity.
 And after post-independence, Kozhikode as a district came
into existence on 1st January,1957, where it initially had 5
taluks (ernad, tirur, quilandy, badakara and Kozhikode) and
later changed to 3 taluks (quilandy, badakara and
Kozhikode) in 1980.
 Calicut is now developing as a IT sector and the rivers are
used for strengthening.
 Calicut is a city with high potential as it has gov institutions
like IIM, NIT, Med. College,etc.

5. Population Trends and Urbanization
 Kozhikode city alone accounts for 40% of the urban
population in the District.
According to 2011 Census;
 Population of Kozhikode District : 3,086,293
 Total Area of Kozhikode District : 2345 Sq Km
 Population Density: 1316 persons per Sq Km
 Population under MC : 432,097
 Area under MC: 82.68 Sq km
 Population Density (MC): 5226 persons per Sq Km
 Calicut is 38.25% urbanized
 Literacy Rate: 95.08%
 Sex Ratio: 1098 females per 1000 males
 WPR: 27.8 %
Source: RTPO Kozhikode

6. Economic Development
Sectoral Growth
 Kozhikode District with 8% of the State’s population makes a 12% contribution to the
State’s income.
 Average annual growth rate in the secondary sector for Kozhikode District is equal to
that of the State AAGR (at 2.8%); average annual growth for the District’s tertiary sector
is marginally greater than for the State.
 Tertiary sector contribution to the District economy is high at 60% of the total NDP, and
of State is 58%.
 Average Household Size : 5
Contribution to GDP (%):
1999-03 2003-06 2006-09 2009-12
Primary 24.7 19.8 16.9 15.4
Secondary 20.2 22.4 23.9 24.5
Tertiary 55.1 57.9 59.3 60.2
Total 100 100 100 100
Source: KSUDP Report

7. Religion Composition
 Religious Demographics
Religion % of District
population
Hindus 58.79
Muslims 38.37
Christians 2.7
Jains 0.06
Caste Population (%)
Brahmins 1.4
Nayars 25.4
Tiyya 27.3
Other Hindus 17.2
Muslims 23.3
Christians 1.2
Tribals and others 4.2
Source: Details for 'Kozhikode Urban' retrieved from Census of India
% of District population
1.4
25.4
27.3
58.79
17.2
23.3
1.2 4.2
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Brahmins Nayars Tiyya Other
Hindus
Muslims Christians Tribals
and
others
Population (%)
38.37
2.7 0.06
Hindus
Muslims
Christians
Jains

8. Population Growth and Projections
Year Population
1991 419,830
2001 436,530
2011 454,000
2021 472,000
2031 490,000
Population Growth Rate(%)
Source: RTPO Report
Unit 1971-81 1981-91 1991-2001
419830
436530
454000
472000
490000
500000
480000
460000
440000
420000
400000
380000
Population Projection
Population
1991 2001 2011 2021 2031 Source: RTPO Kozhikode
Kozhikode
District
Total Urban Total Urban Total Urban
23.25 5.67 16.69 64.61 9.87 9.6
Source: RTPO Report
Year

9. Housing
Housing Typology :
 42% of all households in the city live in individual houses.
 Only 3% of the poor live in independent houses; 58% of
the poor reside in row houses and on average 38% of the
poor reside in slums.
Ownership of houses:
 Among the poor categories, the average house ownership
is 66%; 95% of the total LIG people have their own houses.
 The MIG and HIG respondents own 94% and 96%,
respectively.
Ownership
80%
20%
Owned Rented
Source: KSUDP Report

10. Land use
Land Use Area in Sq Km Land Use(%)
Residential Area 44.03 52.27
Commercial Area 1.22 1.45
Industrial Area 3.79 4.50
Public and Semi-public
Area
14.28 16.95
Transportation Area 0.64 0.76
Agriculture 1.87 2.21
Water Course 11.17 13.26
Parks and open
Spaces
7.24 8.60
Total 100 100
Source: RTPO
Kozhikode
The land use pattern indicates that 52.27% of the total developed area is under residential use. The
present high percentage of land use for residential area is due to the local preferences for low-rise/low
density housing.

11. Activity Pattern in Calicut
 From the activity pattern
observed, it is seen that LSGs
near to the first order
settlement (Kozhikode
Corporation and the existing
statutory urban areas of the
District) is the centre of tertiary
activities.
 Primary activities is
concentrated mainly in the mid
land portion of the District.
Source: RTPO,Kozhikode

12. URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES
Water Supply
 Kerala Water Authority adopted an average per-capita demand supply of 200
Lpcd for major urban areas, 135 Lpcd for peri-urban areas and 100 Lcpd in
rural areas.
 Supply rate: 200 Lpcd where sewerage planned,135 Lpcd in semi urban and
100 Lpcd in rural areas.
 Water production: 282 MLD
Sanitation and Sewerage
 Consists of individual septic tanks generally in middle and high income
residential areas, and shallow pit latrines generally in areas with low-income
groups.
 Sullage is discharged into roadside drains, Conolly Canal, Arabian Sea.
Storm water Drainage
 Natural drains exist that act as secondary outlet to Arabian Sea and Conolly
Canal.
 About 40% of the existing roads in the MC area have side drains and 30% of
the existing drains are covered.

13. Solid Waste Management
 Physical Composition of Solid Waste in Kozhikode:
Sl
No.
Category Net Weight
 Daily Waste Generation: 13 MT
 Primary Collection is done by Kudumbasree in all the wards.
 Secondary collection is done by Dumper Vehicles.
 Processing of waste is done at the Njelliyamparamba disposal
site in Cheruvannur Panchayat, which is 8km from the city
centre and situated along National Highway 17.
 Treatment of waste is done in mechanical windrow aerobic
compost plant of capacity 272 MTPD
 The rejects of the treatment plant are disposed of in the
adjacent open dumping ground.
(%)
1 Bio-Degradable 75
2 Recyclable- Paper, Plastic, Metal, Rubber, glass 15
3 Inert 10

14. Roads and Transportation
 With 83-sq.km area, Kozhikode city has a road
network of 723 km of which nearly 57% is
surfaced. The road density is 8.7 km per sq. km
area.
 Road surface face issues like cracks and pot holes
and foot path are inadequate or absent in most of
the regions.

15. Key Issues
 Informal Development in Fringe Area
 Lack of Infrastructure
 Shelter
 Poor Management of Water Bodies/Tanks
 Degradation of mangroves
 Lack of co-ordination in departments