Copenhagen has developed one of the most sustainable transportation systems in the world through its focus on green transportation options. The city has a well-used public transportation network including the Metro and S-Train systems. It has also prioritized cycling and pedestrian infrastructure, with over 30% of trips made by bike. Additionally, Copenhagen has invested in green spaces and has a carbon neutrality plan to be fully implemented by 2025. Through gradual transformations under the guidance of urban planner Jan Gehl and supportive policies, Copenhagen has successfully shifted toward more sustainable transportation modes.

1. Copenhagen
Reed Feery, Nicholas DiGirolamo, Erin Robartes, Zachary Duell, Matt MacMurray

5. S-Train

6. The Finger Plan

8. Copenhagen Metro
● ~14,200,000 passengers
per quarter in 2014.
● About 1 million per week
● CityCircle Line
● M3 and M4 to be
completely usable by
2018 (17 new stations)
● 22 metro stations
currently

9. Jan Gehl
● Born in 1936 in Denmark
● Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts
● Research Grant - form and use of public
spaces
● “Life Between Buildings” - 1971
● Observe and study existing conditions -
make small incremental changes - Observe
and study new conditions - Repeat
● Gehl Architects - founded in 2000
● “Cities For People” - 2010
“Gehl emphasizes the importance of gradual transformation in
urban redevelopments, in order to make changes sustainable
and to give people time to adapt to physical changes, adjust
their lifestyles, and experiment with the new ways of using the
city. Gradual transformation allows for greater flexibility in the
design process and facilitates attitude changes through public
involvement and positive experiences.”

11. Pedestrianization
Strøget
1.1 km
~¾ mile

12. Blue-Green Initiative

13. Bicycling Success

14. Bicycling Success

15. Bicycling Success

16. Carbon-Neutrality Plan
Carbon Neutrality Plan

17. What Does This Mean About
Copenhagen?
• Copenhagen is a model city in terms of
developing a sustainable transportation system
• Focusing mostly on making the transportation
system more green

18. Transportation Modal Share of Various Cities Around the World
City Walking Cycling Public
Transportation
Private Motor
Vehicle
Copenhagen,
Denmark (2010)
7% 35% 32% 26%
Barcelona, Spain
(2012)
35% 12% 33% 20%
Berlin, Germany
(2012)
29% 15% 26% 30%
NYC, New York
(2009)
10% 1% 55% 29%
Tokyo, Japan
(2009)
23% 14% 51% 12%
Shanghai, China
(2011)
27% 20% 33% 20%

19. Percentage of Green Space in Various Cities
Around the World (Parks & Gardens)
City Green Space
Copenhagen, Denmark 25%
Vienna, Austria 51%
Berlin, Germany 14.40%
NYC, New York, USA 19.70%
Tokyo, Japan 3.44%
Shanghai, China 2.60%

20. Sustainable?
• Due to:
– Intricate and well used public transportation system
(metro, finger plan, bicycling, etc.)
– Measures for land use/green space
– Carbon Neutrality Plan (2025)
– European Green Capital of 2014
• …Yes!!!
• Copenhagen boasts one of the most sustainable
transportation systems in the world

21. Questions?

22. Sources
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modal_share
• http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=1660203
• http://ec.europa.eu/environment/europeangreencapital/wp-content/
uploads/2012/07/Section-3-green-urban-areas_Copenhagen.pdf
• http://kk.sites.itera.dk/apps/kk_pub2/pdf/1034_pN9YE5rO1u.pdf
• http://kk.sites.itera.dk/apps/kk_pub2/pdf/1135_OlhinEvp0h.pdf
• http://kk.sites.itera.dk/apps/kk_pub2/pdf/823_Bg65v7UH2t.pdf

23. More Sources
everything you could ever want for copenhagen-cycling stuff
http://www.sutp.org/en-news/en-sutp-articles/2777-copenhagen-a-modern-transport-policy-for-a-sustainable-
city
more cycling stuff
http://transportpolicy2013.blogspot.com/2013/04/copenhagen-transportation-policy.html
charts, graphs, policies to make people bike and use public transit more
http://ec.europa.eu/environment/europeangreencapital/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Section-2-
Local-transport_Copenhagen.pdf

24. To what extent has your city been successful in
meeting the goals of sustainable transportation?
● Background of Copenhagen- geographic location, map, etc.
● History of pre-”jan gehl” transportation system in copenhagen
● Design Ideas of Jan Gehl- background of jan gehl, plans for copenhagen, etc.
● Green-Blue
● Macroscopic System:
○ Finger Plan
○ Metro System
● Microscopic System:
○ Pedestrianization
○ Biking
● Carbon Neutrality
● Policies implemented to apply gehl’s ideas
● Infrastructural Changes to Copenhagen transportation- metro, s train, finger plan
● Why policies and infrastructure were altered and how effective
● Conclusive overview on the current entire transportation network and why its successful