Prague is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic, located on the Vltava River. It has a population of around 1.24 million in the city and 2 million in the larger urban area. Prague was historically the capital of Bohemia and the Holy Roman Empire. The city is divided into 10 zones or quarters and has a long history dating back to Romanesque and Gothic periods. The urban plan for Prague aims to transition from a monocentric to a polycentric city by regulating land use and encouraging public spaces and high quality architecture. Environmental issues in the Czech Republic include air, water and land pollution from industry and mining.