Urbanization in tokyo

1. URBANIZATION IN
TOKYO

2. { Urbanization is the process by which there is an
increase in the proportion of people living in
urban areas
Urbanization occurs because people move from
rural areas (countryside) to urban areas (town
and cities )
The world is becoming more and more urban. In the
1800’s, only 3 % of the world population lived in the
cities. In the 1950’s, the percentage reached around 30
%. At the present time, it is more than 50 % of the
population and the prediction indicates that probably
two third of the world’s population will live in cities by
the year 2030.

3. {
Megacity ?
• There are numerous large and wide cities all
around the world. At the present time the urban
population is estimated to around 3.5 billion of
inhabitants and will probably be more than 5
billion by 2030.
• The term “mega-cities” was defined for
metropolitan agglomerations which concentrate
more than 10 millions of inhabitants.

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9. The mega cities of Japan.

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12. • Tokyo is one of Japan's 47 prefectures (districts) and is divided
into 23 city wards that include numerous towns and villages.To
this day, Tokyo is often described as a collection of villages.
• Tokyo was built with loose zoning rules to become a
fantastically integrated mixed-use city, where tiny pedestrian
streets open up to high-speed train lines.
• It’s hard to imagine Tokyo as a vast, incrementally developing
slum all the way through the 1970s. Yet in many ways this period
has strongly influenced the city’s present form. To this day, one
can find shops selling construction materials in most residential
neighbourhoods. Shack-like structures made of tin sheets and
wood sit next to ultra-modern houses built of steel, glass and
concrete.

13. • Tokyo is the ultimate in urbanization, being nearly one-half larger
than any other urban area in the world.
• Tokyo has retained its position as the largest urban area in the world
for longer than any period since London's approximately 100 year
run from the early 1800s to the early 1900s. During the 1920s, New
York became the largest, but was displaced by Tokyo in 1955.
• Tokyo became the world's largest urban area by adding more than
20 million people between 1955 and 2000, adding more people than
lived in any other urban area in the world during that period. Even
with its now slow growth, Tokyo seems likely to remain number one
for two decades or more.
• The Tokyo region is much more than Tokyo proper (the "ku-area"). It
includes Yokohama, which with 3.7 million people is larger than any
suburb in the world except for Howrah in the Calcutta area.
Kawasaki, between Tokyo and Yokohama has a population of 1.4
million, while Saitama, to the north has 1.2 million. Chiba, on the way
to Narita International Airport, is home to nearly 1,000,000. There
are multiple possible definitions of the Tokyo region.

14. • This is incremental Tokyo, the
foundation upon which the
world’s most modern city is
built.
• Smoldering ash pits 70 years
ago.
• Tokyo’s municipal government,
bankrupt and in crisis mode.
• The citizens would rebuild the
city.
Government would provide the
infrastructure.
• An enormous unplanned settlement.
• A form of urban growth that created what is now widely seen as one of the
world’s greatest cities

15. Much of Tokyo, one of the world’s greatest urban success
stories, was built incrementally.

16. {
• Tokyo is one of the world's largest and richest mega-cities and
also one of the most hazard
• Since being founded over 400 years ago it has been
repeatedly devastated and rebuilt after fires, earthquakes,
and aerial bombings
• Usually the urgency of reconstruction frustrated attempts to
redevelop a formally planned city
• Tokyo has also undergone a different kind of
transformation with equally profound consequences - first
from provincial capital to pre-eminent national urban centre
and then to co-leading global city
• Now, at the end of the twentieth century, as it awaits the
possibility of another major earthquake

17. The rapid rise of Tokyo is certainly evident when comparing two images of
Tokyo Tower, one taken soon after the tower was built in 1958 and the
other captured in 2010. Once nestled into a landscape of traditional
Japanese buildings and trees, the tower remains an eye-catching
landmark, but its surroundings couldn’t be more different.

18. {
• Tokyo has had to cope with the vicissitudes of high land costs, cramped living
quarters, substandard housing, lack of open space, severe traffic congestion,
air pollution, and a rash of terror gas attacks. In the face of these ills, as well
as for other reasons, there are strong pressures to relocate the national
capital outside of Tokyo on a safer site

19. Expansion of densely inhabited district

20. EXPANSION OF TOKYO CITY-1632-1986

21. {
Significant changes in
patterns of urbanization.
• Since the end of the Second World War, population has
concentrated in the Tokyo Metropolitan Region at rates that
exceed those of Osaka, Nagoya, and other metropolitan
areas in Japan.
• In addition, Tokyo now discharges rapidly growing
international functions such as banking, investment finance,
and information dissemination; these reflect Japan's recent
rise to prominence in the global economy.
• While post-war development has brought many benefits to
the city, it has also contributed to an extraordinary upsurge
in land prices, severe traffic congestion, and deterioration of
the physical and social environments.

22. {
The Korean War, June 1950
• Private economic investment and
construction activities increased
• However, it proved difficult to implement
large public urban development projects.

23. {
The 1960s: Rapid growth
• Rapid economic growth
• The Olympiad of 1964
• The Tokaido-Shinkansen (Bullet Train)
railway
• Tokyo's street cars were largely abolished
to improve traffic flow.

24. {
The 1970s: Budding
disenchantment
• Urban sprawl
• suburban land

25. {
Since 1980.
• Since 1980 Tokyo has undergone yet a further
transformation. According to one American observer:
• Now that Japan has risen to become firmly established
as a global economic power, Tokyo is undergoing yet
another rebuilding - the third this century.
• This rebuilding is driven by money instead of by disaster,
and involves expansion of the city upward to new
heights of skyscrapers, outward to previously non-
urbanized expanses of the Kanto Plain, to new land
being made in Tokyo Bay, and to a remarkable extent,
downward to even greater depths of subterranean
construction. (Cybriwsky, 1993)

26. EXPANSION OF ROAD NETWORK

27. EXPANSION OF RAIL NETWORK AND STATIONS

28. {
Planning subway systems in
Tokyo • Central Tokyo, which lies inside the ring railway network
Yamanote line, has a mesh of subway networks. The area
inside the Yamanote line (around 24 square miles) had
developed subway systems since early 1900’s. This was
promoted by Tokyo Metro Public Cooperation, one of the
governmental bodies (now privatized).
• Central Tokyo had depended on the development of these
subway networks. At the present, the average distance
from station to station is around 0.6 miles. Almost all areas
inside the Yamanote line can be easily accessed on foot.
• Tokyo began to the construction of its railways when Tokyo
had a smaller population, therefore the metro networks
could expand so densely.
• As a result, railway centred urban development could
secure profitability on the investments by subway
companies.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY
• CRUCIBLES OF HAZARD
Edited by James.K.Michell (www.nzdl.org)
• https://ibgeography-Lancaster.wikispaces.com/
• Tokyo’s Urban Growth, Urban Form and
Sustainability -Junichiro Okata and Akito Murayama
• (www.springer.com).