This document provides information about HIV and AIDS. It defines HIV as a virus that attacks the immune system, and AIDS as the late stage of HIV infection. It describes the two types of HIV (HIV-1 and HIV-2), their transmission methods, stages of HIV infection from early to late, and strategies for reducing HIV risk such as PrEP, PEP, condom use, testing, and abstinence. It provides statistics on HIV prevalence in the Philippines. The document seeks to increase awareness and understanding of HIV/AIDS.

2. HIV and AIDS
Prepared by:
Orlando A. Pistan, MAEd-GC
Psychology Instructor

3. Question:
What is the
difference between
HIV and AIDS?

4. The Virus:
 HIV (human
immunodeficiency virus) is
a virus that attacks
the immune system, the
body's natural defense
system. Without a strong
immune system, the body
has trouble fighting off
disease.

5. Immune System

6. The Strains:
 There are two types of
HIV:
 HIV-1 and HIV-2.
However, it seems that
HIV-2 is less easily
transmitted, and the
period between initial
infection and illness is
longer in the case of
HIV-2.

7. The Strains:
 Worldwide, the predominant
virus is HIV-1, and generally
when people refer to HIV
without specifying the type
of virus they will be referring
to HIV-1. The relatively
uncommon HIV-2 type is
concentrated in West Africa
and is rarely found
elsewhere.

8. West Africa

9. Modes of Transmission
Vaginal sexual intercourse Anal sexual intercourse

10. Modes of Transmission
Sharing needles Blood transfusion

11. Modes of Transmission
During pregnancy Breastfeeding

12. Viral Presence in Body
Fluids
Semen / Vaginal Fluid

13. Viral Presence in Body
Fluids
Rectal Fluid Breast milk

14. Viral Presence in Body
Fluids
Blood

15. Misconceptions:

16. How can I tell if I have it?
 You cannot rely on
symptoms to tell
whether you have HIV.
 The only way to know
for sure if you have HIV
is to get tested.

17. How can I tell if I have it?
 The symptoms of HIV vary,
depending on the individual and
what stage of the disease you are
in:
 The Early stage
 The Clinical Latency stage
 The Late stage
 Not all individuals will experience
the same symptoms.


18. Early Stage:
 Within 2-4 weeks after HIV infection, many, but not all, people
experience flu-like symptoms, often described as the “worst flu
ever.” This is called acute retroviral syndrome (ARS) and it’s the
body’s natural response to the HIV infection.
 Symptoms can include:
 Fever (this is the most common symptom)
 Swollen glands
 Sore throat
 Rash
 Fatigue
 Muscle and joint aches and pains
 Headache


19. Clinical Latency Stage:
 After the early stage of HIV infection, the disease moves into a
stage called the clinical latency stage. During this stage, people
with HIV typically have no symptoms, or only mild ones.
 During the clinical latency stage, HIV reproduces at very low
levels, although it is still active. If you take antiretroviral
therapy (ART), you can stay healthy and live in this stage for
several decades because treatment helps keep the virus in
check. If you are not on ART, this clinical latency stage usually
lasts about 10 years, but may be shorter.
 You are still able to transmit HIV to others during this stage,
even if you have no symptoms.

20. Late (AIDS) Stage:
 If you have HIV and you are not on ART,
eventually the virus will weaken your body’s
immune system and you will progress to AIDS
(acquired immunodeficiency syndrome), the late
stage of HIV infection.

21. Late (AIDS) Stage:
Symptoms can include:
 Rapid weight loss
 Recurring fever or profuse night sweats
 Extreme and unexplained tiredness
 Prolonged swelling of the lymph glands in the armpits, groin, or
neck
 Diarrhea that lasts for more than a week
 Sores of the mouth, anus, or genitals
 Pneumonia
 Red, brown, pink, or purplish blotches on or under the skin or
inside the mouth, nose, or eyelids

22. Risk Reduction:
Get tested and
know your
partner’s HIV
status.

23. Risk Reduction:
Have less risky
sex.

24. Risk Reduction:
Use condoms.

25. Risk Reduction:
Have discipline
towards sex.

26. Risk Reduction:
Talk to your health
care provider about
PEP and PrEP
.

27. Risk Reduction:
 PrEP: Short for “pre-exposure
prophylaxis,” PrEP is an HIV
prevention strategy in which
HIV-negative people take an
oral pill once a
day before coming into contact
with HIV to reduce their risk of
HIV infection.
 PrEP must be taken for at least
7 days to reach optimal levels
of protection against HIV.

28. Risk Reduction:
 PEP: Short for “post-exposure
prophylaxis,” PEP is an HIV
prevention strategy in which
HIV-negative people take anti-
HIV medications after coming
into contact with HIV to
reduce their risk of HIV
infection. PEP must be started
within 72 hours after HIV
exposure.

29. Risk Reduction:
Do not share syringe.

30. Risk Reduction:
Abstinence

31. Question:
In case you have HIV,
would you tell your
family and loved
ones about it?
Why?

32. Can AIDS be cured?
 There is currently no cure for
HIV, although antiretroviral
drugs can control it.
 Most research is towards a
‘functional cure’ where HIV is
reduced to undetectable and
harmless levels permanently,
but some residual virus may
still be present in the body

33. Prevalence : Philippines
 The HIV/AIDS & ART Registry of the Philippines (HARP)
revealed that:
 1,021 new HIV-infected individuals were reported in January
2018
 17% of the newly diagnosed already showed signs of
advanced HIV infection.
 Patients’ ages ranging from 3 to 61 years old more than half
of the newly tested were 25 to 34 years old, and 29 percent
were 15 to 24 years old.

34. Disease Spread
Endemic – a disease that exists permanently in a particular
region or population. Ex. Malaria is a constant worry in parts of
Africa.
Epidemic – an outbreak of disease that attacks many people
at about the same time and may spread through one or
communities.
Pandemic – when an epidemic spreads throughout the world.

35. Prevalence : Philippines

36. What is CHASTITY?
 Abstinence refers to temporarily
refraining from activities that are
pleasurable, which may include sex.
 Celibacy refers to the choice to live in an
unmarried state, avoiding all sexual
activity.
 Chastity is not about saying “no” to sex.
Chastity is about saying “yes” to God’s
plan for our sexuality. Chaste person
masters his sexual feelings, and knows
how to express them at the proper times.

37. Essay Quiz: ½ crosswise
What is the
relevance of
studying
HIV/AIDS in
understanding
the self?

38. HIV / AIDS Awareness
Thank You for
paying attention.