HIV is a virus that attacks the immune system, specifically CD4 cells, leading to AIDS in its final stage. There are approximately 36.9 million people living with HIV worldwide, with significant risk factors for developing tuberculosis and a high percentage of infected individuals unaware of their status. Prevention strategies include education, universal precautions, and regular screening for early detection and management.

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HIV/AIDS
Stand UP for The Challenge

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WHAT IS HIV / AIDS?
H- Human.
I- Immunodeficiency.
V- Virus.
A- Acquired.
I- Immune.
D- Deficiency.
HIV is the deadly virus which causes AIDS.

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WHAT IS HIV ?
HIV damages specific cell of immune system, and
Body's natural defense system.
HIV attacks CD4 cells (T cells) thereby reducing them.
These CD4 cells help the immune system to fight
against infection.
Thus , the person become more viable to infection &
Infection related diseases.

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WHAT IS
Final stage of HIV infection is AIDS.
Not everyone who have HIV infection advances to
this stage.
At the stage of AIDS , immune system gets badly
damaged & body become vulnerable to opportunistic
infections.
In this, CD4 cells number falls below 200 cells per
cubic millimeter of blood.

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HIV

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HIV LIFE CYCLE

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HIV 1 & HIV 2
HIV 1 HIV 2
Geographical Distribution Worldwide. West-Africa, Angola,
Mozambique.
Heterosexual Transmission - 3 to 6 fold lower.
Perinatal Transmission 15% -45% 0%-5%
Time to AIDS 7 to 10 years. 10 to 25 years.
Treatment NNRTI*s ineffective.
MTCT more common. Rare.

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FACTS
Worldwide, 36.9 million people are living with HIV .
2.6 million people are living with HIV worldwide.
HIV is a strongest risk factor for the development of
active TB diseases.
1 in 5 those who are infected with HIV are unaware.
IN the US ,Every 9.5 minutes someone is diagnosed
with HIV.

9. HISTORY
Scientists have found that source
of HIV infection in human is type
of chimpanzee in West Africa.
According to researchers belief HIV virus was
introduced when hunters became exposed to
infected blood.
In early 1980s, the world became
aware of AIDS.
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10. SYMPTOMS
Fever.
Chronic fatigue.
Night sweats.
Diarrhea that lasts more
than a week.
Dry cough.
Rapid weight loss.
Dry, flaky skin.
Mouth sores.
Swollen lymph nodes.
White spots on tongue,
Mouth.
Aching muscles & joints.
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11. DIAGNOSIS
For more information regarding HIV test please click here.
ELISA - Initial screening test.
Antigen test – To detect HIV infection early.
Western bolt test – Confirmatory test.
CD4 count – Stage detection test.
For more information regarding CD4
test please click here.
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TRANSMISSION
HIV can be transmitted through-
Direct contact with infected blood.
Sexual contact.
During pregnancy, mother infected with HIV, then to infants.

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HIV can not be transmitted through -
Coughing, sneezing.
Kissing.
Water.
Food.
Touching.
Public bath /pools.
TRANSMISSION

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TREATMENT
There is no medicine currently available for HIV.
But, Antiretroviral test helps in reducing presence of
virus in the body.
Other treatment you can do is -
Keep your immune system strong.
Take prescribed medicines.
Monitor your CD4 cells level.

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PREVENTION
1. Educate society.
2. Follow universal precaution.
3. know HIV status of sexual partner.
4. Use clean needle.
5. Get regular screening test.
6. Screen all blood & blood products.
PREVENTION
1. Educate society.
2. Follow universal precaution.
3. know HIV status of sexual partner.
4. Use clean needle.
5. Get regular screening test.
6. Screen all blood & blood products.
PREVENTION
1. Educate society.
2. Follow universal precaution.
3. know HIV status of sexual partner.
4. Use clean needle.
5. Get regular screening test.
6. Screen all blood & blood products.

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The Beginning Of The
End Of AIDS Starts
With YOU.
THANK YOU......
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