A short ppt on AIDS

2. AIDS

3. What do you mean by AIDS?
 HIV stands for human immunodeficiency
virus.
 It is a virus that cause AIDS(acquired immune
deficiency syndrome).
 The virus destroys a type of white blood cell
called a T-helper cell and makes copies of itself
inside them.
 If a person suffers from AIDS, they will find it
harder to fight off infections and diseases .
 There are many different strains of HIV .The
two main types are:
 HIV-1: the most common type found
worldwide
 HIV-2: this is found mainly in Western
Africa, with some cases in India and Europe.
The red ribbon is a symbol for
solidarity with HIV-positive people
and those living with AIDS.

4. Discovery
 AIDS was first clinically observed in 1981 in the
United States
 The initial cases were a cluster of injecting drug
users and homosexual men with no known
cause of impaired immunity who showed
symptoms of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
(PCP), a rare opportunistic infection that was
known to occur in people with very
compromised immune system
 In 1983, two separate research groups led by
Robert Gallo and Luc Montagnier declared that
a novel retrovirus may have been infecting
people with AIDS, and published their findings
in the same issue of the journal Science.
The Morbidity and
Mortality Weekly Report
reported in 1981 on what
was later to be called
"AIDS"

5. SYMPTOMS
There are three main stages of
HIV infection:
1. acute infection,
2. clinical latency
3. AIDS

6. ACUTE HIV INFECTION
•The initial period following the
contraction of HIV is called
acute HIV, primary HIV or acute
retroviral syndrome
•. Many individuals develop an
influenza-like illness or a
mononucleosis-like illness 2–4
weeks post exposure while
others have no significant
symptoms
•Due to their nonspecific
character, these symptoms are
not often recognized as signs of
HIV infection.

7. CLINICAL LATENCY
 The initial symptoms are followed by a stage
called clinical latency, asymptomatic HIV, or
chronic HIV.Without treatment, this second
stage of the natural history of HIV infection can
last from about three years to over 20 years
 While typically there are few or no symptoms at
first, near the end of this stage many people
experience fever, weight loss, gastrointestinal
problems and muscle pains. Between 50 and
70% of people also develop persistent
generalized lymphadenopathy, characterized by
unexplained, non-painful enlargement of more
than one group of lymph nodes (other than in
the groin) for over three to six months.

8. AIDS
 Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
(AIDS) is defined in terms of either a CD4+ T
cell count below 200 cells per µL or the
occurrence of specific diseases in association
with an HIV infection . In the absence of
specific treatment, around half of people
infected with HIV develop AIDS within ten
years and they die within a short period of
20 months
 People with AIDS have an increased risk of
developing various viral-induced cancers,
including Kaposi's sarcoma, Burkitt's
lymphoma, primary central nervous ,system
lymphoma, and cervical cancer
HIV virus that cause AIDS

9. Diagnosis
 HIV/AIDS is diagnosed via laboratory
testing and then staged based on the
presence of certain signs or symptoms
 HIV testing
Most people infected with HIV develop
specific antibodies (i.e. seroconvert)
within three to twelve weeks of the initial
infection.Diagnosis of primary HIV
before seroconversion is done by
measuring HIV-RNA or p24
antigen.Positive results obtained by
antibody or PCR testing are confirmed
either by a different antibody or by PCR.
 ELISA and Western blot are two common
and accurate HIV tests
An HIV testing kit

10. Transmission
•Unprotected sexual practice
•Needle sharing :usage of
unsterilized syringes in hospitals
and among drug abusers
•Mother to baby:HIV can pass from
HIV positive mother to child
•Blood transfusions and transplants
from the HIV positive donor
•Healthcare Workers who get
exposed to infected blood or body
fluids

11. PREVENTION
 Safe sexual practice : usage of
condom reduces the risk of
transmission
 Usage of disposable medical
equipments
 Screening of blood donors
 Cesarean section of infected
pregnant women& usage of
interferon during early stage of
pregnancy
 Bottlefeeding instead of brest
feeding if mother is infected
Before and after AIDS

12. Treatment
 No curative treatment available
 Only disease control can be
achieved with treatment
 Treatment can only postpone
death due to AIDS
 Antiviral drugs like
Zidovudine,Lamivudine
etc…are used for primary
treatment

13. What we can do for AIDS patients?
 Organise counseling and emotional
support for people with HIV/AIDS
and their families.
 Set up organisations that bring
together people living with
HIV/AIDS to fight for change.
 Set up wellness programmes and
medical treatment to help people
keep their immune systems strong
and fight opportunistic infections.
 Organise grants, food parcels and
poverty alleviation projects to help
families survive.
 Provide home-based care and
medical treatment for people who are
ill.
 Treat them equal .let them also live
their life with a smile
Interacting with aids patients is one of
the best help that we can give to these
patients

14. WRONG FACTS ABOUT HIV SPREAD

15. World AIDS Day
 World AIDS Day, designated on December
1 every year since 1988, is dedicated to
raising awareness of the AIDS pandemic
caused by the spread of HIV infection, and
mourning those who have died of the
disease. Government and health officials,
non-governmental organizations and
individuals around the world observe the
day, often with education on AIDS
prevention and control.
 World AIDS Day is one of the eight official
global public health campaigns marked by
the World Health Organization (WHO)

16. CONCLUSION
 AIDS is a chronic disease that can affect a
person physically as well as mentally
 It is not curative. So prevention is better
than cure.
 We have to provide help to AIDS affected
people.
ADD COLOUR TO THEIR LIFE ALSO

17. Bibliography
 www.wikipedia.org
 www.AVERT.org
 Oxford Handbook of Clinical Medicine(fifth edition)