World aids day 2021

1. WORLD
AIDS DAY
The theme of world AIDS day 2021 is
“End inequalities. End AIDS”.
With a special focus on reaching people
left behind,
YADUKRISHNANG
CRRI

2. HIV remains a major public
health issue that affects
millions of people
worldwide.
Although the world has
made significant progress in
recent decades, important
global targets for 2020 were
not met.
Division, disparity and
disregard for human rights
are among the failures that
allowed HIV to become and
remain a global health crisis.
Now, COVID-19 is
exacerbating inequities and
disruptions to
services, making the lives of
many people living with HIV
more challenging.
Re-commit
to end HIV
Tackle HIV
and COVID-
19 together
Focus on
equality
2
Concentrate
on those left
behind

3. 3

4. History
 Did HIV come from monkeys?
 How SIV developed in
chimps?
 How did HIV cross from
chimps to humans?
4
Did HIV come from monkeys?
Researchers had found a strain of Simian ImmunodeficiencyVirus , SIV
(that attacks the immune systems of monkeys and apes) in a chimpanzee
that was almost identical to HIV in humans.
This connection concluded that it proved chimpanzees were the source of
HIV-1, and that the virus had at some point crossed species from chimps to
humans.
How SIV could have developed in the chimps ???
chimps had hunted and eaten two smaller species of monkeys (red-capped
mangabeys and greater spot-nosed monkeys).These smaller monkeys
infected the chimps with two different strains of SIV.
The two different SIV strains then joined together to form a third virus
(SIVcpz) that could be passed on to other chimps.This is the strain that can
also infect humans.
How did HIV cross from chimps to humans?
The most commonly accepted theory is that of the 'hunter'. In this
scenario, SIVcpz was transferred to humans as a result of chimps being
killed and eaten, or their blood getting into cuts or wounds on people in
the course of hunting. Normally, the hunter's body would have fought off
SIV, but on a few occasions the virus adapted itself within its new human
host and became HIV.
‘ Research found that HIV is related to SIV and
there are many similarities between the two
viruses.
HIV-1 is closely related to a strain of SIV found in
chimpanzees, and HIV-2 is closely related to a
strain of SIV found in sooty mangabeys ’

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6. Centers for
Disease Control
(CDC) in the
United States
In 1983, theCenters for Disease Control
(CDC) in the United States listed the
main at-risk groups, including partners of
people withAIDS, people who inject
drugs, haemophiliacs and people who
have recently been to Haiti.
At the time that cases of AIDS began to
emerge in the USA, the absence of
definitive information about HIV and its
link toAIDS, inflated the panic and
stigma surrounding the epidemic..
Partners of
people with AIDS
People who inject
drugs
Haemophiliacs People who have
recently been to
Haiti
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Combination prevention advocates for a holistic
approach whereby HIV prevention is not a single
intervention (such as condom distribution) but
the simultaneous use of complementary
behavioural, biomedical and structural
prevention strategies
COMBINATION PREVENTION

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11. • The National AIDS Control Programme (NACP),
launched in 1992, is being implemented as a comprehensive
programme for prevention and control of HIV/AIDS in India.
• NACP was implemented with an objective of slowing down
the spread of HIV infections so as to reduce morbidity,
mortality and impact of AIDS in the country
• National AIDS Control Board (NACB) was constituted and
an autonomous National AIDS Control Organization
(NACO) was set up to implement the project.
• The first phase focused on awareness generation, setting up
surveillance system for monitoring HIV epidemic, measures to
ensure access to safe blood and preventive services for high risk
group populations.
• 1999, the second National AIDS Control Project (NACP II)
was launched with two key objectives (i) to reduce the spread
of HIV infection in India, and (ii) to increase India’s capacity to
respond to HIV/AIDS on a long-term basis 11
NATIONAL
AIDS
CONTROL
PROGRAMME
(NACP)
–1992

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Key policy initiatives taken during NACP II
included: adoption of National AIDS Prevention
and Control Policy (2002); Scale up ofTargeted
Interventions for High risk groups in high
prevalence states; Adoption of National Blood
Policy; a strategy for Greater Involvement of
People with HIV/AIDS (GIPA); launch of National
Adolescent Education Programme (NAEP);
introduction of counseling, testing and PPTCT
programmes; Launch of National Anti-Retroviral
Treatment (ART) programme; formation of
anointer-ministerial group for mainstreaming;
and setting up of the National Council on AIDS,
chaired by the Prime Minister; and setting up of
State AIDS Control Societies in all states.
Third phase of the national programme
(NACPIII) was launched in July 2007 with the goal
of Halting and Reversing the Epidemic by the end
of project period.

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END OF 2020
37.7 million cases
IN 2020
1.5 million
NEW CASES
IN 2020
680000
DIED
25.4 m
AFRICA
CASES AS OF 2020

15. PREVENTION
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Male and female condom use;
Testing and counselling for HIV and stis;
Testing and counselling for linkages to tuberculosis (TB)
care;
Voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC);
Use of antiretroviral drugs (arvs) for prevention;
Harm reduction for people who inject and use drugs; and
Elimination of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV.

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WHO Response
The Sixty-Ninth World Health Assembly endorsed the “Global health sector
strategy on HIV for 2016–2021”.The strategy includes five strategic directions that
guide priority actions by countries and byWHO over six years.
The strategic directions are:
Information for focused action (know your epidemic and response)
Interventions for impact (covering the range of services needed)
Delivering for equity (covering the populations in need of services)
Financing for sustainability (covering the costs of services)
Innovation for acceleration (looking towards the future).

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