The document discusses the history and concepts of biotechnology. It notes that biotechnology has been used since ancient times in processes like brewing beer and cheese making. Modern biotechnology has advanced with techniques like recombinant DNA, PCR, and gene cloning. The document defines biotechnology as using biological systems like microorganisms and cells to develop useful products and processes. It gives examples of biotechnology applications in medicine, agriculture, and environmental management. India has infrastructure to support biotechnology including research institutions, scientists, colleges, hospitals and companies.

2. CONTENT
 CONCEPT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
 HISTORY
 DEFINITION OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
 APPLICATION OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
 THE INFRASTRUCTURAL ADVANTAGE

3. • The origin of biotechnology is as old as human civilization.
• Fermentation is the oldest biotechnological process discovered by the
people by prolonged soaking of grains or by sorting juices of fruits or
palms.
• Other early processes practiced by man included leavening of bread,
production of alcoholic beverages, production of vinegar, production of
curd, etc.
• Nowadays biotechnology has achieved greatest advancement in the
filed of Recombinant DNA technology, PCR, Cell-culture and fusion,
gene cloning, DNA fingerprinting, environmental engineering,
Immunology etc.
CONCEPT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

4.  6000 B.C., Sumarians and Babylonians Knew the technique of preparing beer.
 2500 B.C.,Aryans started preparing curd.
 2000 B.C., Greeks were probably first to prepare cheese from milk.
 In 1920’s Clostridium acetobutylicum was used by Chaim Weizman for converting
starch into butanol and acetone, latter was an essential component of explosive
during World War- I.
 This raised hopes for commercial production of useful chemicals through biological
processes, and may be considered as the first rediscovery of biotechnology in the
present century.
 Similarly, during World War-II ( in 1940’s) , the production of penicillin (as an
antibiotic discovered by Alexaner Flemming in 1929) on a large scale from cultures
of Penicillium notatum marked the second rediscovery of biotechnology.
HISTORY

5. • Biotechnologies, as world indicate, is the product of interaction
between the science(living & viruses’) and technology.
• Biotechnology is the integrated use of biochemistry , microbiology
and engineering science in order to achieve technological application
of the capabilities of micro-organism, cultured tissue cells and part
thereof.
• Biotechnology is “a technology using biological phenomenon for
copying and manufacturing various kinds of useful substances.”
• Biotechnology is “the controlled use of biological agents such as
micro-organisms or cellular components for beneficial use. (U.S
National Science Foundation)
Definition

6. Application of Biotechnology
1. Tissue Culture Techniques in Biotechnology
2. Gene Technology as a Tool for Biotechnology
3. Hybridization and Monoclonal Antibodies in Biotechnology
4. Biotechnology in Medicine
5. Biotechnology and Protein Engineering
6. Biotechnology in Agriculture
7. Biotechnology and Environment

7. TheInfrastructurALAdvantageS
• 40 National Research
• 15,000 scientists
• 300 life sciences colleges
• 120 medical colleges
• 200 biotech companies
• 100 teaching hospital
• 5,00,000 graduates per annum
• 17,500 medical graduates per annum