The Union of the Crowns in 1603 united Scotland and England under one monarch with the accession of James VI of Scotland to the English throne. Relations deteriorated between King Charles I and Parliament in the 1640s due to disagreements over taxation and the divine right of kings, leading to the English Civil War. Oliver Cromwell emerged victorious for Parliament in 1648 and Charles I was executed. This led to a republic called the Commonwealth of England until 1660 when the monarchy was restored under Charles II. The Glorious Revolution of 1688 established constitutional monarchy and Parliament's sovereignty over the monarch with the accession of William and Mary.

1. History of the United KingdomUnion of the CrownsTreaty of UnionActs of Union Anglo-Irish TreatyCommonwealth of NationsVictorianera

2. Union of the Crowns
The Union of the Crowns(March 1603) was the accession of James VI, King of Scots, to the throne of England, consequently uniting Scotland and England under one monarch.

3. •This followed the death of his unmarried and childless first cousintwice removed, Queen Elizabeth I of England, the last monarch of the Tudor dynasty.

4. The conflict between king and parliament
•Convinced of the divine right of kings, the Stuart Kings James I (James VI of Scotland) and Charles I raised taxes without parliament permission.
•Relations between King and Parliament became so bad that CIVIL WAR eventually broke out (1642)

5. Civil War
•The Majority of the nobles supports Charles.
•The majority of the gentry supported Parliament.

6. Oliver Cromwell
•Led the parliament Roundheads to victory (1648)
•Onderhis comandCharles I was executed for treason.
•Cromwell becaemLord Protector.
•England turn into a Republic.

7. The Levellers
•An important group of Parliament’s side , who presented a radical constitution document.
•Asked for a strict separation between the different branches of government, executive, legislature and judiciary

8. TheRestorationof theMonarchy
•Themonarchy, TheAnglicanchurchand theHouseof Lordswererestoredin 1660.
•After the collapse of the Protectorate following the death of Oliver Cromwell and the flight of Richard Cromwell to France, the Army and Parliament asked Charles II to take the throne in 1660.

9. The Great Plague in 1665 and the Great Fire of London in 1666 took place during his reign.
In 1665 the bubonic plague struck London.
The Great Fire of 1666 did London a great service ?

10. The Restoration of the Monarchy
•The Plague and the great fire of London were considered signs of God’s wrath by the Puritans.
•The time of James II came to the throne, Parliament was necessary to govern the country.

11. •Parliament was dominated by two groups the Whigs, who had tried to exclude Charles's Catholic brother from the throne.
•And the Tories, conservative aristocracy that had favored the royal prerogative.

12. •the Parliament asked WILLIAM OF ORANGEto take the throne.William was married toMARY JAMES's daughter.
•William landed in England and James fled to France where he died in exile in 1701.

13. The Glorious Revolution 1688
So called because it was bloodless.
The Glorious Revolution was when William of Orange took the English throne from James II in 1688.
The event brought a permanent realignment of power within the English constitution.

14. The new co-monarchy of King William III and Queen Mary II accepted more constraints from Parliament than previous monarchs had, and the new constitution created the expectation that future monarchs would also remain constrained by Parliament.

15. Bill or Rights
The glorious revolution was accompanied by a Bill or Rights, which made it obligatory for the sovereign to rule with Parliament’s assistance and outlawed Catholicism for all Englishmen including the King.

16. Treaty of Union
•The Treaty of Unionis the name given to the agreement that led to the creation of the Kingdom of Great Britain, the political union of England (including Wales) and Scotland, that took effect on 1 May 1707.
The idea of uniting the two sovereign states had been around since the Union of the Crowns in 1603

17. The details of the Treaty were agreed on July 1706, leading to Acts of Union being passed by the separate parliaments of England and Scotland.
The Treaty consisted of 25 articles:
Article 1 provided for the new United Kingdom to be named Great Britain.

18. Acts of Union
The Acts of Unionwere a pair of Parliamentary Acts passed in 1707 by the Parliament of Scotland and the Parliament of England to put into effect the terms of the Treaty of Union that had been agreed on 22 July 1706, following negotiation between commissioners representing the parliaments of the two countries.

19. The Acts took effect on 1 May 1707. On this date, the Scots Parliament and the English Parliament united to form the Parliament of Great Britain it was one of the most astonishing transformations in European history."

20. Ireland joins with the Act of Union (1800)
•The second stage in the development of the United Kingdom took effect on 1 January 1801

21. •when the Kingdom of Great Britain merged with the Kingdom of Ireland to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.

22. The Anglo-Irish Treaty
•Officially called the Articles of Agreement for a Treaty Between Great Britain and Ireland, was a treaty between the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and representatives of the de facto Irish Republic that concluded the Irish War of Independence.

23. Commonwealth of Nations
•The Commonwealth of Nations, often referred to as the Commonwealthand previously as the British Commonwealth, is an intergovernmental organization of fifty-four independent member states, all but two of which were formerly part of the British Empire.

24. •The Commonwealth is not a political union, but an intergovernmental organization through which countries with diverse social, political and economic backgrounds are regarded as equal in status. The symbol of this free association is the Head of the Commonwealth, which is a ceremonial position currently held by Queen Elizabeth II.

25. Event
Politics
Monarchy
Restoration
Monarchy
1642 start this actions againstthe Royal family due to the rise of taxes.
Oliver Cromwellwas elected as…
The Stuartkings ignore Parliament because…
Year in which the Plague killed almost 70 thousand London’s inhabitants
1707 Scotland was united with Englandwho was the monarch during this period?
In which year Englandbecome a republic.
Monarchy was replacedby …
He prevent the parliament to joined for 11 years
The Great Fire was an event that happened in …
ThePrime minister was name under which king period?
Charles I was executed for …
Who were the Levellers?
Charles I asked Parliament to help him to fight against …
Whenthe Glorious revolution started.
Namethe two other revolutions that occurred during the 18thcentury.
Year in which Monarchy and Anglican Church wererestored…
Name the two parties that dominate the Parliament.
Whywas the Monarchy restored?
What is the Billof rights?
When didEngland lost the 13 colonies?