The document summarizes the development of the relationship between the English monarchy and Parliament over time. It describes how the Tudors were generally able to work with Parliament to pass laws, but the early Stuart kings clashed with Parliament over their view of absolute rule. This conflict ultimately led to the English Civil War, which ended with the monarchy being abolished. When the monarchy was restored, Parliament's power was further established. Finally, the "Glorious Revolution" saw William and Mary crowned as joint monarchs under conditions set by Parliament, establishing England as a constitutional monarchy.

1. Preview Main Idea / Reading Focus

2. The Tudors and Parliament

3. The Stuarts and Parliament

4. The English Civil War

5. The Monarchy Returns Monarchy in England

6. Reading Focus How did the Tudors work with Parliament?

7. What led the first two Stuart kings to clash with Parliament?

8. What were the causes and results of the English Civil War?

9. What happened when monarchy returned to England? Main Idea In contrast to the absolute monarchies of Spain and France, the English monarchy was limited by Parliament; following a civil war, Parliament became even more powerful. Monarchy in England

10. The Tudors and Parliament Henry VIII created Protestant Church in England to divorce first wife Had Parliament pass laws ending power of pope in England In 1534 Act of Supremacy named king as head of Church of England Henry and Parliament Two prominent members of Tudor dynasty, Henry VIII and daughter Elizabeth I, ruled when absolutism common on European continent In England, Parliament placed curbs on absolute monarchy Both father, daughter had to learn to work with Parliament to fulfill goals Henry and Elizabeth

11. Tension Tension developed between Parliament, queen

12. Parliament pressured her to marry so she would have heir to throne

13. Elizabeth refused, knowing marriage would limit her freedom

14. Still managed to talk Parliament into approving funds she needed Edward, Mary, Elizabeth After Henry’s death and short reign of son Edward, Mary I became queen

15. Often called Bloody Mary, briefly made England Catholic again

16. 1558, Mary died; Elizabeth crowned queen

17. Returned England to Anglican Church with Parliament’s help

18. Major reason for Elizabeth’s good relationship with Parliament, her willingness to let members speak minds without fear of punishment Close ties shown in fact that she called Parliament into session 10 times in 45-year reign

19. Elizabeth clearly in charge, but had difficulty keeping subjects from questioning her actions Earl of Essex rebelled against authority

20. Asked publicly, “Cannot princes err? Cannot subjects receive wrong? Is an earthly power or authority infinite?”

21. Essex tried, executed as a traitor