This document provides an overview of primitive and Egyptian education systems. It describes how primitive education aimed to ensure security, conformity, and tradition transmission through informal home and environmental learning. Egyptian education was more formalized, with religious, vocational, and military schools training scribes, priests, and soldiers in reading, writing, religion, and practical skills. Key contributions included geometry, surveying, and establishing the first formal schools, though education was limited to those who could afford fees. The decline of Egyptian progress was attributed to resistance to change from conservative priests.

1. HISTORICAL
FOUNDATION
OF
EDUCATION
Lecture No. 2

2. LESSON OBJECTIVES
•State the relationship of society and
schools
•Prove that schools transmit cultural
values by stating facts from
education history in the world and
in the Philippines
•Explain the meaning of socialization
as a function of schools

3. INTRODUCTION
The beliefs and experiences of
education today rest on the
history of this field of endeavor.
By knowing what
accomplishments of leaders in
the past, today’s educators
attempt to build on their
achievements.

5. PRIMITIVE EDUCATION
Life among primitive or tribal people
was very simple compared with the
complex life that people have today.
Their means of livelihood were
hunting and gathering wild fruits
and vegetables. There was no
reading or writing and information
was transmitted through word of
mouth, songs, gestures, ceremonial
and the likes.

6. AIMS OF PRIMITIVE
EDUCATION
1. Security and Survival
2. Conformity
3. Preservation and
Transmission of
Tradition

7. SOME CHARACTERISTICS
OF PRIMITIVE CULTURE
Relatively SIMPLE
Relatively narrow social and cultural
contacts
Extraordinary conservative and prone to
superstitions
The organization of primitive life is tribal
not political so that one function of
education is to enable one to live his
relatives.
Absence from primitive cultures of reading

8. TYPES OF EDUCATION IN
THE PRIMITIVE CULTURE
1. Vocational. These includes
learning skills in procuring basic
necessities of life like hunting,
constructing a hut, etc.
2. Religious (animistic). Consisted in
learning how to participate in
ritualistic practices to please or to
appease the unseen spirits
roaming around.

9. LESSON CONTENT
1. Ways of procuring the basic
necessities in life and of
protecting life from dangers.
2. Superstitious. Included as how
to worship before the dwelling
of an unseen spirit such as big
tree, a big rock, a river, etc.

10. AGENCIES OF EDUCATION
1. Home. There was no formal
agency for education, the
family was the center for
practical training.
2. Environment. It provides the
primitive people a very good
place of training.

11. ORGANIZATION OF GRADES
There was none.
There were no
gradations in
instruction; neither
were there organized

12. FINANCING
There was no financing
involved since there was
no teacher to pay, no
learning materials to buy
and no school building to
construct because
education was strictly
informal.

13. EFFECTS OF PRIMITIVE
EDUCATION
Culture was passed on
and preserved for
generation.
Tribes were able to meet
their economic needs and
were able to survive
People were able to adjust
and adapt to social and
political life.

14. OUTSTANDING CONTRIBUTION TO
EDUCATION
The primitive man
started the rudiments
of education from
which evolved the
modern educational
systems of today.

16. EGYPTIAN EDUCATION
Egypt, the gift of the Nile, is situated
in the Northern Part of the African
continent. Ancient Egypt was a
desert country watered only by the
Nile River which flooded the
country from August to October,
leaving behind a very rich black
earth. The government of Egypt
was autocratic, ruled by a king
called Pharaoh who had the

17. AIMS OF EGYPTIAN
EDUCATION
1. Training of Scribes
2. Religious
3. Utilitarian
4. Preservation of cultural
patterns

18. TYPES OF EDUCATION
1. Religious Education
2. Vocational-Professional
Education
3. Military Education
4. Public Administration
5. Priesthood Education
6. Home Arts Education

19. CONTENTS TO BE
STUDIED
1. Reading, writing and
language
2. Religious and secular
literature
3. Artistry in metals and
lapidary
4. Mathematics, especially
geometry and surveying,
were studied due to the
frequent inundations of their

20. CONTENTS TO BE
STUDIED
5. Subjects in astronomy,
engineering, architecture,
physics, medicine, embalming,
dentistry, and law were taught in
the temple schools by the
priests.
6. Music, dancing, playing the
harp, cymbals, drum, lyre,
guitar, tambourine and clapping
to rhythm.

21. CONTENTS TO BE
STUDIED
7. Sports, games, and physical
education with swimming,
wrestling, archery and hunting
and fishing taken as vocations
and avocations.
8. The military schools offered
training in the use of bow and
arrow, battle axe, lance, mace
and shield. Egypt became a
military power in the ancient
world from 1600 BC to 1400

22. AGENCIES OF EDUCATION
Home
Temple Schools
Military Schools
Court Schools
Vocational Schools

24. ORGANIZATION OF
GRADES
1. The young studied at home
with the mother as the
teacher.
2. At the age of 5, the boys
attended the reading and
writing schools under the
priests if the parents could
afford to pay the school fees.
3. At 17, the boys entered the
school that offered their
vocations.

25. METHODS OF
INSTRUCTION
1. Apprenticeship
2. Dictation, memorization,
copying, imitation and
repetition.
3. Observation and
participation.

26. FINANCING
The pupils and the students
had to pay a certain
amount of school fees even
in the lower schools.
Hence, education as not
universal.

27. OUTSTANDING CONTRIBUTION TO
EDUCATION
The outstanding contributions of
the Early Egyptians to education
was probably the geometrical
measurement and surveying.

28. DECLINE OF EGYPTIAN
PROGRESS
Some historians traced the cause
of the refusal of the priestly class
to change the accepted rules and
practices. The old prevented the
young to learn further because of
apprenticeship.

29. ANY QUESTIONS?
THANK YOU!