2. GREEK EDUCATION
The Greek are a mixture of the Aryan and Germanic
people, two great races. But because of the presence of
the natural barriers such as mountain and bodies of
water, they lived in tribal isolation and developed
differences. They considered it as an honor to serve
their country in any capacity. There were many Greek
City-State but two of them rose above all others. These
were Sparta and Athens.
3.
4. SPARTA EDUCATION
Sparta was in the South of Corinth in the Southern
Section of the Peloponessian Peninsula. Spartan
education was based on the laws of Lycurgus. It was the
basis of Spartan political, social and educational system.
This turned Sparta into a totalitarian soldier state. This
system lasted for 700 years from the 9th to the 2nd Century
B.C. especially during the 5th Century.
5. WHO IS LYCURGUS?
Lycurgus, (flourished 7th
century BC),
traditionally, the
lawgiver who founded
most of the institutions
of ancient Sparta.
6. AIM OF SPARTA EDUCATION
1. Military. To make every citizen invincible in
war, possessing physical perfection and
complete obedience to the state.
2. Discipline. To develop conformity and
obedience, courage strength, cunning,
endurance and patriotic efficiency.
7. TYPES OF EDUCATION
1. Physical Education
2. Military Education
3. Moral Training
4. Very little intellectual training
5. Music Education
6. Gymnastic Education
7. Vocational Education
8. CONTENTS TO BE STUDIED
1. Intensive gymnastics and paramilitary
exercises.
2. Practice in moral and social habits for
the state such as controlling the appetite,
modesty, obedience and respect and
listening intently to elders, etc.
9. CONTENTS TO BE STUDIED
3. Reading and writing to a limited extent to
understand the Lycurgus laws and some
poems of Homer.
4. Music with serious, moral and martial rhythm
to arouse patriotism.
5. Speech had to be laconic and terse
6. For girls, gymnastics to make them strong to
bear strong children.
10. AGENCIES OF EDUCATION
The State was the
sole agency of
education. Every
phase was
controlled by the
State.
11. ORGANIZATION OF GRADE
LEVELS
1. At birth, weak children were disposed of, abandoned, or exposed
to the elements.
2. At early age, children were taught habits of silence, obedience,
respect and reverence towards elders, bravery, etc.
3. At the age of 7-18, the boys lived in barracks-like educational
building under the supervision of a state official.
4. At the age of 18-20, the boys undertook professional war training;
at 20 one who demonstrated superior qualities of leadership and
mind remained in the barracks to help supervise the new
entrants.
12. ORGANIZATION OF GRADE
LEVELS
5. At 20 – 30, all took an oath of allegiance and dispersed
to military posts for war maneuvers.
6. At 30, the man was full-pledge citizen, obliged or
compelled to marry and took his seat in the assembly
or council.
7. The girl stayed at home but they were also organized
into packs to develop group spirits, courage and
loyalty.
15. OUTSTANDING
CONTRIBUTION TO
EDUCATION
The most that we can emulate from
the Spartans is military education as
we have now in our schools and the
development of patriotism and
discipline.
16. OUTSTANDING
CONTRIBUTION TO
EDUCATION
The most that we can emulate from
the Spartans is military education as
we have now in our schools and the
development of patriotism and
discipline.
17. ATHENIAN EDUCATION
The primary purpose of Athenian education was to
produce thinkers, people well-trained in arts and sciences,
people prepared for peace or war. Young Athenian boys
were tutored at home until the age of six or seven, and
then they were sent to neighborhood schools for primary
education until they were 14 years of age.
18.
19. EARLY ATHENIAN EDUCATION
The early Athenian Education was under the
influence of Solon, one of the greatest lawmakers
of all time. He drew up a body of law that guided
the Athens for several centuries and brought
prosperity to the city-state. These laws also
became the bases for the educational direction of
Athens.
20. AIMS OF EDUCATION
1. Good Citizenship
2. Individual Excellence
3. Man-sided Development
21. TYPES OF EDUCATION
1. Civic Training
2. Moral Training
3. Physical Education
4. Intellectual Education
5. Art
22. CONTENT TO STUDIED
1. Reading by the Alphabet
2. Writing on wax and tablets
3. Arithmetic for market use
4. Homeric and other poems
5. Gymnastic Exercises
6. Physical Education Exercises
7. Military Training Subjects
23. AGENCIES FOR EDUCATION
1. Private Schools. They were the first schools for boys.
2. Home. The girls were taught at home by their mother and a slave
nursemaids.
3. State. It was not clear of the state maintained public schools but
education was supervised by State although education was not
compulsory.
24. ORGANIZATION OF GRADE
LEVELS
1. From birth to 7 years, children were taught at home.
2. From 7 to 16 years old, the boys went to two schools
accompanied by slaves:
a. Didascaleum – A music school that also taught reading,
writing, arithmetic and poetry.
b. Palaestra – Gymnastics, sports and games were taught in
school.
25. ORGANIZATION OF GRADE
LEVELS
3. At 16-18, the boys were already free from literary and musical
studies but they continued to attend the Palaestra.
4. At 18, the boys took the Ephebic Oath, a pledge of allegiance to
the State and then spent two years in the military service. At 20,
the boys attained full citizenship.
26. METHODS OF INSTRUCTION
1. Imitation. Imitation of a living model.
2. Participation. There was participation in the learning process and
so learning was by doing.
3. Discipline. Corporal Punishment was used extensively.
4. Human Relations. There was no human relations between
teacher and pupils. The relationship between the teacher and his
pupils was not cordial.
27. FINANCING
It was not clear who financed
education but since the schools were
private, it can be assumed that the
pupils or students paid tuition fees.
30. AIMS OF EDUCATION
1. By Sophist, pragmatic and utilitarian.
2. By Socrates, the development of the power of
thinking.
3. By Plato, control of individual rulers
4. By Aristotle, law of rational living
