This document provides information about historical and experimental research. It discusses the purposes and steps of historical research, including examining past events to draw conclusions about the future. Some advantages are that it allows investigation of topics that cannot be studied otherwise and helps people learn from successes and failures. Experimental research manipulates one variable while controlling others and allows clear conclusions. It has advantages like control and applicability across fields but risks human error and artificial situations. Both aim to deepen understanding through rigorous examination of evidence.

1. HISTORICAL AND
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
Presented By,
Athira.P

2. Historical Research
• involves examining past events to draw conclusions and make predictions
about the future.

3. The Nature of Historical Research
• The unique characteristic of historical research is that it focuses exclusively
on the past.

4. Purposes of Historical Research
• Educational researchers conduct historical studies for a variety of reasons,
but perhaps the most frequently cited is to help people learn from past
failures and successes.
• When well-designed and carefully executed, historical research can lead to the
confirmation or rejection of relational hypotheses.

5. Steps In Historical Research
• 1. Formulate an idea: This is the first step of any research, to find the idea and
figure out the research question.
• 2. Formulate a plan: This step involves figuring out where to find sources and how
to approach them.
• 3. Gather data: trying to get everything he can that relates to the question.
• 4. Analyse data : try to find answer from collected data.
• 5. Analyse the sources of data: analysing data is to also analyse the conformity of
the data.

6. Historical Sources
• Documents : written or printed materials
• Numerical records : any type of numerical data in printed or handwritten
form.
• Oral statements : statement made orally by someone.
• Relics : any objects whose physical or visual characteristics can provide some
information about the past.

7. Advantages
• Permits investigation of topics and questions that can be studied in no other
way.
• Only one way to learn about past .

8. Disadvantage
• Much depends on the skill and integrity of the researcher .
• The possibility of bias due to researcher characteristics is always present.
• Accuracy of the research.

9. EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH

10. Experimental Research
• Experimental research is what we call a true experiment.
• This is an experiment where the researcher manipulates one variable, and
control/randomizes the rest of the variables.

12. Advantages
• 1. A High Level Of Control
With experimental research groups, the people conducting the research have
a very high level of control over their variables.
• 2. Can Span Across Nearly All Fields Of Research
Another great benefit of this type of research design is that it can be used in
many different types of situations.
• Just like pharmaceutical companies can utilize it, so can teachers who want to
test a new method of teaching. It is a basic, but efficient type of research.

13. • 3. Clear Cut Conclusions
Since there is such a high level of control, and only one specific variable is being tested at a time,
the results are much more relevant than some other forms of research. You can clearly see the
success, failure, of effects when analyzing the data collected.
• 4. Many Variations Can Be Utilized
There is a very wide variety of this type of research. Each can provide different benefits,
depending on what is being explored. The investigator has the ability to tailor make the
experiment for their own unique situation, while still remaining in the validity of the experimental
research design.

14. Disadvantages
• 1. Largely Subject To Human Errors
Just like anything, errors can occur. This is especially true when it comes to
research and experiments. Any form of error, whether a
systematic (error with the experiment) or
random error (uncontrolled or unpredictable), or
 human errors such as revealing who the control group is, they can all
completely destroy the validity of the experiment.

15. • 2. Can Create Artificial Situations
By having such deep control over the variables being tested, it is very
possible that the data can be skewed or corrupted to fit whatever outcome
the researcher needs. This is especially true if it is being done for a business
or market study.
• 3. Can Take An Extensive Amount of Time To Do Full Research
With experimental testing individual experiments have to be done in order to
fully research each variable. This can cause the testing to take a very long
amount of time and use a large amount of resources and finances. These
costs could transfer onto the company, which could inflate costs for
consumers.

16. Important Facts About Experimental
Research
•Experimental Research is most used in medical ways, with animals.
•Every single new medicine or drug is testing using this research design.
•There are countless variations of experimental research, including: probability, sequential, snowball,
and quota.