Tissue Definition
Tissues are groups of cells that have a similar structure and act together to perform a specific function. The word tissue comes from a form of an old French verb meaning “to weave”. There are four different types of tissues in animals: connective, muscle, nervous, and epithelial. In plants, tissues are divided into three types: vascular, ground, and epidermal. Groups of tissues make up organs in the body such as the brain and heart.
Types of Animal Tissues
Connective
Connective tissue connects or separates groups of other tissues. It is found in between all the other tissues and organs in the body. Connective tissue is made up of cells and ground substance, which is a gel that surrounds cells. Most connective tissue, except for lymph and blood, also contains fibers, which are long, narrow proteins. Fibers can be collagenous, which bind bones to tissues; elastic, which allow organs like the lungs to move; or reticular, which provide physical support to cells. Connective tissue also allows oxygen to diffuse from blood vessels into cells.
About 1 in 10 people are have a disorder involving connective tissue. Some connective tissue disorders include sarcomas, Marfan syndrome, lupus, and scurvy, which is a Vitamin C deficiency that leads to fragile connective tissue.
Muscle
Muscle tissue comprises all the muscles in the body, and the specialized nature of the tissue is what allows muscles to contract. There are three types of muscle tissue: skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle. Skeletal muscle anchors tendons to bones and allows the body to move. Cardiac muscle is found in the heart and contracts to pump blood. Smooth muscle is found in the intestines, where it helps move food through the digestive tract, and it is also found in other organs like blood vessels, the uterus, and the bladder. Skeletal and cardiac muscles are striated; this means that they contain sarcomeres (a unit of muscle tissue) that are arranged in a uniform pattern. Smooth muscle does not have sarcomeres.
Duchenne muscular dystrophy is an example of a muscle tissue disorder. It is an inherited disorder that causes muscles to atrophy over time. The muscles shorten as they atrophy, which can cause scoliosis and immobile joints. Individuals with the disorder are usually male because the gene responsible for it is found on the X chromosome (of which males have only one).
Nervous
Nervous tissue is found in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves, which are all parts of the nervous system. It is made up of neurons, which are nerve cells, and neuroglia, which are cells that help nerve impulses travel. Nervous tissue is grouped into four types: gray matter and white matter in the brain, and nerves and ganglia in the peripheral nervous system. The main difference between gray and white matter is that axons of the neurons in gray matter are unmyelinated, while white matter is myelinated. Myelin is a white, fatty substance that insulates neurons and
Tissue Definition
Tissues are groups of cells that have a similar structure and act together to perform a specific function. The word tissue comes from a form of an old French verb meaning “to weave”. There are four different types of tissues in animals: connective, muscle, nervous, and epithelial. In plants, tissues are divided into three types: vascular, ground, and epidermal. Groups of tissues make up organs in the body such as the brain and heart.
Types of Animal Tissues
Connective
Connective tissue connects or separates groups of other tissues. It is found in between all the other tissues and organs in the body. Connective tissue is made up of cells and ground substance, which is a gel that surrounds cells. Most connective tissue, except for lymph and blood, also contains fibers, which are long, narrow proteins. Fibers can be collagenous, which bind bones to tissues; elastic, which allow organs like the lungs to move; or reticular, which provide physical support to cells. Connective tissue also allows oxygen to diffuse from blood vessels into cells.
About 1 in 10 people are have a disorder involving connective tissue. Some connective tissue disorders include sarcomas, Marfan syndrome, lupus, and scurvy, which is a Vitamin C deficiency that leads to fragile connective tissue.
Muscle
Muscle tissue comprises all the muscles in the body, and the specialized nature of the tissue is what allows muscles to contract. There are three types of muscle tissue: skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle. Skeletal muscle anchors tendons to bones and allows the body to move. Cardiac muscle is found in the heart and contracts to pump blood. Smooth muscle is found in the intestines, where it helps move food through the digestive tract, and it is also found in other organs like blood vessels, the uterus, and the bladder. Skeletal and cardiac muscles are striated; this means that they contain sarcomeres (a unit of muscle tissue) that are arranged in a uniform pattern. Smooth muscle does not have sarcomeres.
Duchenne muscular dystrophy is an example of a muscle tissue disorder. It is an inherited disorder that causes muscles to atrophy over time. The muscles shorten as they atrophy, which can cause scoliosis and immobile joints. Individuals with the disorder are usually male because the gene responsible for it is found on the X chromosome (of which males have only one).
Nervous
Nervous tissue is found in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves, which are all parts of the nervous system. It is made up of neurons, which are nerve cells, and neuroglia, which are cells that help nerve impulses travel. Nervous tissue is grouped into four types: gray matter and white matter in the brain, and nerves and ganglia in the peripheral nervous system. The main difference between gray and white matter is that axons of the neurons in gray matter are unmyelinated, while white matter is myelinated. Myelin is a white, fatty substance that insulates neurons and
PROJECT ON ANOTOMY OF SKELETAL SYSTEM... HANMADE PROJECT ON SKELETAL SYSTEM....sushantjuneja1
DETAILED EXPALINED ANOTAMY OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEM.. AND FIRST CHOICE OF THE STUDENT.. ITS FOR ALL THE CLASSES FROM 9th TO BEYOND MEANS IN HIGHER MEDICAL LINE STUDY ....SKELETAL SYSTEM... DETAIL EXPALINATION OF ALL THE BONES OF AXIAL AS WELL AS APPENICULAR SKELETAL SYSTEM... AND MAIN WORD ARE WELL UNDERLINED....
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
2. ADRENAL GLAND
Identifying feature
1. Capsule
2. Cortex
Zona glomerulosa-inverted U shaped
cells
Zona fasiculata-cells arranged in straigt
columns
Zona reticularis- cords of cells forms a
network
3. Medulla
Groups of cells separated by sinusoids
Sympathetic neurons are also present
3. APPENDIX
Narrowest part of GIT
1. Mucosa-simple columnar
epithelium with goblet cells
@ Lamina propria- scatterd
lymphocytes with aggregated
nodules (may extending to next
layer)
1. Submucosa- variable no. of
lymphatic nodules
2. Muscularis externa
3. Serosa
Longitudinal muscle coat is complete
and taenia coli is not present
4. ARTERIOLES
Muscular arteriole can be
distingushed from true artery
-small diameter
-don’t have internal elastic lamina
-Few layers of smooth muscle in their
media
Terminal arteriole
Same layer as that of artery but are
thin in composition
5. L.S BONE
Compact Bone
1. Haversian system- a ring like
osteon
2. Haversian canal
3. Concenteric lamellae around the
canal
4. Lacunae- spaces in between the
lamellae
5. Canaliculi- radiate from lacunae ,
contain cytoplasmic process of
osteocytes
6. Interstistial lamellae
7. Circumferential lamellae
8. volkmann’s canal- interconnecting
adjacent haversian canal
6. CEREBELLUM
Section shows leaf like folia
Cortex is covered by pia matter ,blood
vessles are present beneath the pia
matter
Outer grey matter- 3 layers from out to
in
1. Molecular layer-few nuclei and
appears pale
2. Purkinje cell layer- single layer of
big flasked shaped pink neurons
3. Granular layer-dark blue and
pressence of abundant nuclei
White matter- axons as pink fibers
Nuclei of neuroglia is present in both
grey and white mtter
7. DORSAL ROOT GANGLION
1.Pseudounipolar neuron
2.Nerve fibre
3.Satellite cells
*Each neuron has a vesicular nucleus
with prominent nucleolus
*The neuron is surrounded by ringof
satellite cells
11. FIBROCARTILAGE
-Collagen fibres
-Row of chondrocyte present between
them
*chondrocyte are rounded in cartilage
but fibrocyte are flattend in tendon
* Perichondrium absent
1.Chondrocyte
2.Ground tissue with collagen fibres
12. GALL BLADDER
1.Mucosa
-columnar cell with striated border
-highly folded like villi
2.Lamina propria
-Crypts may b found
3.Fibromuscular coat
4.Serosa
*ABSENT STRUCTURE
-villi
-goblet cells
-sbmucosa
-proper muscularis externa
13. HYALINE CARTILAGE
1.Chondrocyte
2.Cell nest
-isogenous group of chondrocyte
3.Homogenous basophilic matrix
-tentorial matrix
-inter tentorial matrix
4.Perichondrium
-outer fibrous
-inner cellular
*chondrocyte increase in size from
periphery to center
14. KIDNEY
1.Capsule
2.Cortex
+Renal corpuscle (various shape
circular )
+PCT[more in number]
-dark pink stained
-lumen small
-cuboidal epithelium with brush
border
+DCT
-lighter stained
-simple cuboidal epithelium
3.Medulla
-collecting duct+henle loop
[light stained elongated extend into
cortex form medullary rays]
Duct lined by simple cuboidal but loop
lined by squamous epithelium
4.Blood vessels
15. LARGE VEIN
1.Tunica intima
2.Tunica media
-large ammount of collagen
-less muscle and elastic fibres
3.Tunica adventitia
-thicker then media
-in large vein it also contains
considerable musle and ekastic fibres
to provide elasticity
*wall can be compressed easily
16. LYMPH NODE
1.Capsule[sends in trabeculae]
2.Subcapsular space
3.Cortex
-germinal center light stained
-zone of dense lymphocytes
4.Medulla
-lymphocytes are arranged in the form
of anastomosing cords
30. SPLEEN
1.Capsule sends trabeculae
2.Red pulp
-diffusely distributed lymphocyte
-numerous sinusoids
3.White pulp
-dense aggregation of lymphocyte
-arranged in cords surrounding
arteriole
4.Cord [ resemble lymphatic nodule of
lymph node except it has an arteriole]
-grminal center
-zone of densly packed lymphocyte
31. PYLORUS
1.Mucosa
-gastric pits occupy 2/3 of mucosa
-columnar epithelium
2.Lamina propria
-pyloric gland [lined by mucous
secreting cells
3.Muscularis mucosae
4.Submucosa
5.Muscularis externa
*villi seen are not villi these are absent
32. T.S OF PERIPHERAL NERVE
1.Perineurium
-holds the nerve fibre bundle
2.Endoneurium
-connective tissue arround individual
fibre
3.Myelin sheath
34. THICK SKIN
1.Keratin
2.Epidermis [stratified squamous]
-stratum corneum is very thick
-stratum lucidum
-stratum granulosum
-stratum spinosum
-stratum basale
3.Dermis
-sweat gland are present
*hair follicle and sebaceous glands are
absent
4.Adipocyte
*present at sole and palm
35. THIN SKIN
1.Keratin
2.Epidermis [stratum corneum is thin ]
-keratinised squamous epithelium
3.Dermis
-sebaceous gland
-hair follicle
-sweat gland
-arrecter pili
*all are present in dermis
4.Adipose tissue
36. THYMUS
1.Lobule [sperated by connective
tissue]
2.Cortex
-darkly stained
-densely packed lymphocyte
3.Medulla
-lightly stained
-lymphocyte are diffuse
-continuous with other lobule
-HASSALL”S CORPUSCLE [rounded pink
stained masses
37. THYROID
1.Follicle lined by cuboidal epithelium
2.Pink stained colloidal material
-contain thyroglobulin
3.Parofollicular cells
-attached with follicle
4.Connective tissue with blood vessels
and parafolicular cells
46. ILEUM
1.Columnar epithelium mucosa
-goblet cells
2.Lamina propria
-peyer “s patches[lymphatic
aggregation
3.Muscularis mucosae
4.Submucosa
5.Muscularis externa
6.Serosa
7.Crypts of lieberkuhn
*villi are absent over peyer patches
47. LARGE INTESTINE
1.Mucosa
-columnar epithelium
-crypts with goblet cells
-lamina propria with lymphatic nodule
-muscularis mucosae
2.Submucosa
3.Muscularis externa
-inner circular
*outer longitudinal in the form of
TAENIA COLI
4.Serosa
*ABSENCE OF VILLI
48. LIVER
1.LOBULE
-central vein [small rounded space in
center
-radiating cords of hepatocytes
2.Portal triad
-branch of portal vein
-branch of hepatic artery
-interlobular duct
•Cords are seprated by sinusoids
•Sinusoids are lined by endothelium
and KUPFFER’S CELLS
49. LUNGS
1.Pleura
-mesothelium resting on connective
tissue
2.Intrapulmonary bronchus
-pseudostratified ciliated columnar
epithelium
-goblet cells
-smmoth muscle
-cartilage
-glands
3.Bronchiole
-line by cuboidal and columnar
4.Respiratory bronchiole
5.Alveolar duct
6.Atrium
7.Glands
8.Alveoli
-honey comb like appearance