Road markings function to control and guide traffic. There are different types of road markings including carriageway markings, object markings, and kerbs. Carriageway markings are applied to roadways while object markings are used to mark features like traffic islands, culverts, piers, and abutments. Kerbs define the edge of roads and pathways.

1. ROAD MARKINGS

2. FUNCTIONS ROAD MARKINGS ARE USED AS A MEAN OF CONTROLLING & GUIDING TRAFFIC.

3. TYPES OF ROAD MARKINGS

4. CARRIAGEWAY MARKINGS ARE APPLIED TO CARRIAGE WAYS

5. OBJECT MARKINGS ARE APPLIED TO TRAFFIC ISLANDS, CULVERT HEADWALLS, PIERS, ABUTMENTS,ETC

6. Kerbs A curb or kerb is the edge where a raised pavement / sidewalk /footpath , road median , or road shoulder meets an unraised street or other roadway . Typically made from concrete , asphalt or long stones (often granite ), the purpose is twofold: first as a gutter for proper drainage of the roadway, and second for safety , to prevent motorists from driving onto the shoulder, median, sidewalk or pavement.

8. ABUTMENT An abutment is, generally, the point where two structures or objects meet. Specifically, an abutment may be: the part of a structure that supports an arch . the tooth or teeth that support a fixed or removable bridge . the part of an implant that acts as a connection between the implant and the crown .

9. PIERS A pier is a raised structure, including bridge and building supports and walkways , over water, typically supported by widely spread piles or pillars .

10. TRAFFIC ISLAND A traffic island is a solid or painted object in a road that channelizes traffic. It can also be a narrow strip of island between roads that intersect at an acute angle . If the island uses road markings only, without raised kerbs or other physical obstructions, it is called a painted island .

11. CULVERT A culvert is a device used to channel water. It may be used to allow water to pass underneath a road , railway , or embankment .

14. General principles of longitudinal pavement markings Solid lines are restrictive in nature & it is an offence to cross or straddle such a line. Broken lines are restrictive in character & vehicles can cross such a line provided this can be done with safety. When a combination of a solid & broken lines is used, a vehicle should not cross the continuous lines adjacent to Double lines indicate maximum restriction.

16. MATERIAL & COLOUR SR NO COLOUR USES 1 White All carriageway markings except those included for parking restrictions. 2 Yellow Markings intended for parking restriction Continuous centre and barrier line markings 3 Alternate bands of white & black. Kerb & object markings.

17. CENTRE LINES

18. TRAFFIC LANE LINES

19. NO OVERTAKING ZONE MARKINGS

22. PAVEMENT EDGE LINES

25. CARRIAGEWAY WITH REDUCTION TRANSITION MARKINGS

27. OBSTRUCTION APPROACH MARKINGS

28. Approach marking for obstructions on the road way

29. STOP LINES

32. PEDETRIAN CROSSINGS

35. CYCLIST CROSSINGS

38. ROUTE DIRECTION ARROWS

42. WORD MESSAGE

44. MARKINGS AT APPROACHES TO INTERSECTIONS

48. PARKING SPACE LIMITS

50. BUS STOP MARKINGS

52. OBJECT MARKINGS

54. END OF CHAPTER 2