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High Resolution Melt
analysis of DNA methylation
to discriminate semen in
biological stains from crime
scenes
Joana Antunes,
Ph.D candidate Biochemistry
Advisor: Dr. Bruce McCord
This work was possible thanks to…
 Dr. Balamurugan and Robin Bombardi, University of Southern Mississippi
 Dr. Duncan, DNA Laboratory, Broward County Sheriff’s Office
 Dr. Liu, Dr. Mills and Dr. Almirall, Committee members
 GPSC
Awards
2012-DN-BX-K018
2015-R2-CX-0012
Major support provided by:
Points of view in the document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official view of
the U.S. Department of Justice
Why do we want to discriminate body
fluids?
 DNA found on child potential victim of sexual assault
 DNA matches the suspect
 Suspect claims that he hugged the child
 If DNA is from skin = innocent intent
If DNA is from vaginal epithelia/semen = criminal
intent
2
Current chemical, protein and microscopic tests
are presumptive with varying degrees of specificity
and sensitivity
Recently suggested procedures include gene
expression profiling using mRNA
Concerns with long term stability of proteins/RNA
compared to DNA
3
Kong, A., Zhang, D., Guangming L., A study of identical twins’ palmprints for personal
Legget, B., Whitehall, V., Role of the serrated pathway in colorectal cancer pathology.2010 Gastroenterology 138 (6):2-88-2100
Same genome location in different cells
have different methylation
4
5
We can use differences in DNA
methylation to distinguish semen
from other body fluids using
methods and instruments
commonly available in forensic
laboratories
Hypothesis
DNA
Extraction
Bisulfite
Modification
High Resolution
Melt
Methodology
6
Bisulfite modification
7
Unmethylated -
Predominantly T=A bound
Methylated - Predominantly
GΞC bounds
T. Azhikina, et al. Biochem. (Moscow) 70 (2005) 722-730
High Resolution Melt PCR (HRM)
8
T. Azhikina, et al. Biochem. (Moscow) 70 (2005) 722-730
http://jcm.asm.org/content/49/9/3132.figures-only
Unmethylated
Predominantly T=A bounds
Melts at lower temperatures
Methylated
Predominantly GΞC bounds
Melts at higher temperatures
9
Melt curve analysis of ZC3H12D can be
used to discriminate semen from other
body fluids
Semen 75.5 ± 0.2 ºC
Blood
78.2 ± 0.4
ºC
Saliva
78.1 ± 0.3
ºC
Madi, T., Balamurugan, K., Bombardi, R., Duncan, G., McCord, B. Electrophoresis 2012, 33, 1736-1745.
10
Genomic
DNA
Bisulfite-modified
DNA
Primers are specific for bisulfite-
modified DNA
Blood Saliva Semen Blood Saliva Semen Blood Saliva Semen
11
If less than 1 ng of genomic DNA is used
amplification may fail
12
Conclusions 13
 The ZC3H12D primers designed by us are specific
for bisulfite-modified DNA, preventing false results
due to failure in bisulfite-modification
 This method presents good sensitivity providing
results with only 1 ng of genomic DNA
 We were able to distinguish semen from blood and
saliva employing methods and instruments
commonly used in forensic laboratories
Thank you!
Questions?

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High-resolution melt analysis for semen discrimination

  • 1. High Resolution Melt analysis of DNA methylation to discriminate semen in biological stains from crime scenes Joana Antunes, Ph.D candidate Biochemistry Advisor: Dr. Bruce McCord
  • 2. This work was possible thanks to…  Dr. Balamurugan and Robin Bombardi, University of Southern Mississippi  Dr. Duncan, DNA Laboratory, Broward County Sheriff’s Office  Dr. Liu, Dr. Mills and Dr. Almirall, Committee members  GPSC Awards 2012-DN-BX-K018 2015-R2-CX-0012 Major support provided by: Points of view in the document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official view of the U.S. Department of Justice
  • 3. Why do we want to discriminate body fluids?  DNA found on child potential victim of sexual assault  DNA matches the suspect  Suspect claims that he hugged the child  If DNA is from skin = innocent intent If DNA is from vaginal epithelia/semen = criminal intent 2
  • 4. Current chemical, protein and microscopic tests are presumptive with varying degrees of specificity and sensitivity Recently suggested procedures include gene expression profiling using mRNA Concerns with long term stability of proteins/RNA compared to DNA 3
  • 5. Kong, A., Zhang, D., Guangming L., A study of identical twins’ palmprints for personal Legget, B., Whitehall, V., Role of the serrated pathway in colorectal cancer pathology.2010 Gastroenterology 138 (6):2-88-2100 Same genome location in different cells have different methylation 4
  • 6. 5 We can use differences in DNA methylation to distinguish semen from other body fluids using methods and instruments commonly available in forensic laboratories Hypothesis
  • 8. Bisulfite modification 7 Unmethylated - Predominantly T=A bound Methylated - Predominantly GΞC bounds T. Azhikina, et al. Biochem. (Moscow) 70 (2005) 722-730
  • 9. High Resolution Melt PCR (HRM) 8 T. Azhikina, et al. Biochem. (Moscow) 70 (2005) 722-730 http://jcm.asm.org/content/49/9/3132.figures-only Unmethylated Predominantly T=A bounds Melts at lower temperatures Methylated Predominantly GΞC bounds Melts at higher temperatures
  • 10. 9 Melt curve analysis of ZC3H12D can be used to discriminate semen from other body fluids Semen 75.5 ± 0.2 ºC Blood 78.2 ± 0.4 ºC Saliva 78.1 ± 0.3 ºC Madi, T., Balamurugan, K., Bombardi, R., Duncan, G., McCord, B. Electrophoresis 2012, 33, 1736-1745.
  • 12. Blood Saliva Semen Blood Saliva Semen Blood Saliva Semen 11 If less than 1 ng of genomic DNA is used amplification may fail
  • 13. 12
  • 14. Conclusions 13  The ZC3H12D primers designed by us are specific for bisulfite-modified DNA, preventing false results due to failure in bisulfite-modification  This method presents good sensitivity providing results with only 1 ng of genomic DNA  We were able to distinguish semen from blood and saliva employing methods and instruments commonly used in forensic laboratories

Editor's Notes

  1. time consuming as sperm confirmation through microscopy. Tests based on proteins/enzymes have the issue of easy biodegradation of such proteins. mRNA is degraded more easily than DNA. Also mRNA needs normalization by comparison with an house keeping gene.
  2. Same gene can be expressed on muscle cells and be silenced by DNA methylation on epidermic cells. Looking at the promoter region we should see different DNA methylation patterns.
  3. ----- Meeting Notes (3/27/16 22:36) ----- take out melt info and change animation
  4. State that DNA methylation occurs naturally in the human body. Comparison made between 26 +/- 4 years and other 68 +/-8 only a change of 0.275% and between males and females of only 0.1%. (Eckhardt et al)
  5. Alterations in gene expression that do not involve the DNA sequence.