1) The document summarizes the objectives and strategic priorities of the 2005 World Conference on Disaster Reduction held in Kobe, Japan. 2) It established a 10-year framework called the Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015 to build disaster resilient nations and communities. 3) The framework aimed to integrate disaster risk reduction into sustainable development policies to reduce vulnerabilities and increase preparedness at all levels.

1. k|sf]k Go'lgs/0f ;DalGw ljZj ;Dd]ng
!*–@@ hg/L @))%, sf]a], Xof]uf], hfkfg
Xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf @))% – @)!%
k|sf]k ;fdgf ;DalGw /fi6« tyf ;fd'bflos Ifdtf clej[l4

2. www.unsidr.org/wcdr
k|sf]k Go'lgs/0f ;DalGw ljZj ;Dd]ng k|ltj]bgsf] ;f/ ;+If]k
(A/CONF.206/6
OG6/g];gn :6«fl6lh km/ l8hf:6/ l/8S;g -cfOP;l8cf/_
ljifo ;'lr
!= kl/ro
s_ k|sf]kn] lgDTofPsf r'gf}tLx?
v_ of]sf]xfdf /0fgLlt M l;s]sf kf7x? / sdLsf] klxrfg
@= k|sf]k Go'lgs/0f ;DalGw ljZj ;Dd]ng pB]Zo, cfzf ul/Psf kl/0ffdx? /
/0fgLlts pB]Zo
s_ pB]Zo
v_ cfzf ul/Psf kl/0ffdx?
Uf_ /0fgLlts pB]Zo

3. #= sfo{;+/rgf @))%–@)!%sf k|fyldstfx?
s_ ;fdfGo dfGotfx?
v_ sfo{sf nflu k|fyldstfx?
!= k|sf]k Go'lgs/0f /fli6«o tyf :yfgLo k|fyldstf ePsfn] o;nfO{ bl/nf] ;+:yfut
cfwf/sf ?kdf nfu' ug'{ k5{ eGg] s'/fsf] ;'lglZrttf ug'{
@= k|sf]khGo vt/fsf] klxrfg, d'Nof+sg tyf cg'udgsf ;fy} o;sf] k'j{ ;'rgf ;
+oGq lgdf{0f ug'{
#= ;a} txdf ;'/Iff tyf Ifdtf clej[l4sf] ;+:sf/ ljsf; ug{ 1fg, gljg ljrf/ tyf lzIffsf] k|
of]u
$= ljBdfg vt/fsf kIfx?sf] Go'lgs/0f
%= ;a} txdf k|efjsf/L hjfkmsf nflu k|sf]k k'j{tof/LnfO{ dhj'lts/0f ug]{
$_ k|of]u tyf cg'udg
s_ ;fdfGo ;f]rx?
v_ /fHox?
u_ If]qLo ;+u7g tyf ;+:yfx?
3_ cGt/fli6«o ;+u7gx?
ª_ k|sf]k Go'lgs/0fsf nflu cGt/fli6«o /0fgLltx?
r_ ;|f]t kl/rfng
cg'R5]b
k|sf]k Go'lgs/0f ;DalGwt s]xL jx'klIfo ljsf;x?

4. != kl/ro
!= ;g @))%sf] hgj/L !*–@@ k|sf]k Go'lgs/0f ;DalGw ljZj ;Dd]ng hfkfgsf]
sf]a] ;x/sf] Xof]uf]df ePsf] lyof] . pQm ;Dd]ngdf k|sf]k ;fdgfsf nflu /fli6«o
tyf :yfgLo Ifdtf clej[l4 ug{ …sfo{ ;+/rgf @))%–@)!% - o;kl5 of] k|ltj]bgdf
…sfo{ ;+/rgfÚ zAbfjnLsf] k|of]u ul/g] 5_ nfO{ :jLsfl/Psf] lyof] . o;
;Dd]ngn] ;+s6fljd'v tyf vt/fsf] hf]lvdnfO{ Go'lgs/0f ug{ /0fgLlts tyf Jojl:yt
k|j4{gsf df}sfx? k|bfg u¥of] . o;n] k|sf]knfO{ ;Djf]wg ug{ To;sf cfaZostf,
pkfox?sf] klxrfg, / /fi6« tyf ;d'bfosf] Ifdtf lgdf{0fsf] kxn ub{5 .
s_ k|sf]kn] lgDTofpg] r'gf}ltx?
@= k|sf]ksf sf/0f JolQmsf] af“Rg] clwsf/, ;Ddfgk'0f{ hLjg / lhljsf]kfh{gdf
k'¥ofpg] Iflt a9bf] 5 . o;af6 ljz]iful/ ul/jx? / ljsf;sf k|ltkmn k|efljt ePsf 5g .
k|sf]ksf] vt/f ljZjJoflk ?kdf a9bf] 5 / o;sf sf/0f s'g} Ps If]qdf kg]{ k|efjn]
csf]{ s'g} If]qnfO{ klg TolQs} k|efljt t'NofPsf] x'G5 h'g Ps csf{;“u
;DalGwt /xG5g . of] k|efj, a9bf] ;+s6fljd'vn] h]lnPsf] 5 h'g hg;+Vofsf]

5. kl/jt{g, k|fljlws / ;dflhs–cfly{s cj:yf, cJojl:yt ;xl/s/0f, pRr hf]lvd If]qsf] ljsf;,
ljsf;f]Gd'v, jftfj/l0fo Xf;, df};d ljljws/0f, df};d kl/jt{g, ef}ule{s vt/f, l;ldt ;|f]tdf
k|ltikwf{, / PrcfO{eL÷P8; h:tf] dxfdf/Lsf] k|efj h;n] eljio tkm{ O{+lut
u/]sf] 5 / hxf“ k|sf]kn] ljZj cy{tGqnfO{ g} vt/f k'¥ofpg ;S5 / ljsf;f]Gd'v
d'n'ssf] hg;+Vof tyf lbuf] ljsf;nfO{ tx; gx; kfg{ ;S5 . ljut b'O{ bzsdf, cf};t ?
kdf @) s/f]8 JolQm jif]{gL k|sf]kaf6 k|efljt eO/x]sf 5g .
#= k|sf]khGo vt/f ta pTkGg x'G5 ha hf]lvdn] ef}lts, ;fdflhs, cfly{s /
jftfj/l0fo vt/fx?;“u cGt/lqmof u5{ cyf{t To;df vnn k'¥ofp“5 . hnjfo';“u
;DalGwt pTklQx? g} clwsf+z ?kdf k|sf]k;“u hf]l8Psf 5g . k|sf]k
Go'lgs/0fsf] dxTj a9bf] 5 , o;nfO{ :jlsfl/Psf] 5 / k|sf]knfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]
{ Ifdtf klg a9bf] 5 . ljz]if ul/ k|sf]k Joj:yfkg tyf Go'lgs/0fsf k|of; lg/Gt/ /x]
klg o;n] ljZjJoflk r'gf}lt v8f u/]sf] 5 .
$= k|sf]khGo vt/fnfO{ sd ug{sf nflu Jojl:yt ?kdf o;nfO{ gLltut ?kdf Plss[t
ug]{, lbuf] ljsf; tyf ul/jL Go'lgs/0f ;DalGw of]hgf / sfo{qmd agfpg], o;nfO{
l4–klIfo, If]qLo tyf cGt/fli6«o ;xof]u / +;fem]bf/L ub{} n}hfg] ;jfndf ca cfP/
cGt/fli6«o ;xdlt ag]sf] 5 . lbuf] ljsf;, ul/jL Go'lgs/0f, ;'zf;g k|sf]k Go'lgs/0f
kf/:kl/s ;xof]usf cfwf/ x'g / r'gf}ltx?nfO{ ;fdgf ug{ ultlzn k|of; rfNg'
k5{ h;sf sf/0f ;fd'bflos tyf /fli6«o txdf vt/fnfO{ Jojl:yt ug{ cfaZos Ifdtf ljsf;
ug{ ;lsof]; . h:t} M Pp6f s'g} cjwf/0ffsf] klxrfg ug{ ;lsof]; h;af6 Ps
dxTjk'0f{ tTjsf] ?kdf cGt/fli6«o ?kdf ;xdlt ul/Psf] ljsf;sf] nIf k|fKt ug{
;lsof]; h; cGtu{t ;x;|flJb 3f]if0ffdf pNn]v ul/Psf s'g} NfIf klg o;df kg{ ;S5g
.

6. %= ljut s]xL jif{ otf dxTjk'0f{ ;j{klIfo 3f]if0ffx?df k|sf]khGo vt/f
Go'lgs/0fsf]] k|of;x?nfO{ k|j4{g ug]{ dxTj cGt/fli6«o, If]lqo ;fy} /fli6«o /
:yflgo txdf cfTd;ft ul/Psf] 5 .
v_ of]sf]xfdf /0fgLlt M l;s]sf kf7x? / sdLsf] kxlrfg
^=;'/lIft ljZjsf nflu of]sf]xfdf /0fgLlt M k|fs[lts k|sf]k /f]syfd, k'j{tof/L tyf lgjf/
0f ;DalGw dfu{ lgb]{zg tyf sfo{ of]hgf -of]sf]xfdf /0fgLlt_, ;g !(($df kfl/t
ePsf] xf] . o; /0fgLltn] k|sf]k vt/f Go'lgs/0f / k|sf]ksf] k|efjdf pNn]vlgo
dfu{ klxNofPsf] 5 .
&= of]sf]xfdf /0fgLlt nfu' u/]kl5sf] k|ultsf] d'Nof+sgn] lbuf] ljsf;sf] ;Gbe{df
k|sf]khGo vt/fnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]{ Jojl:yt sfo{sf] ;'lglZrttf / o;nfO{ ;fdgf
ug{sf nflu tof/ ul/Psf /fli6«o tyf :yflgo Ifdtfdf cfufdL jif{x?df cfO{kg]{ d'Vo
r'gf}tLx?sf] klxrfg u/]sf] 5 .
*= o; of]sf]xfdf /0fgLlt d'Nof+sgn] k|sf]khGo vt/f Go'lgs/0fnfO{ ;';'lrt ug]
{ cu|ufdL cjwf/0ff, hgtfnfO{ pgLx?sf] cfkmg} ;d'bfodf k|sf]khGo vt/f
Go'lgs/0fdf k|of;sf nflu k|]l/t ug]{ tyf ;xeflu u/fpg] k|s[ofnfO{ dxTj lbPsf]
b]vfPsf] 5 . o;n] /fli6«o, If]lqo cyjf cGt/fli6«o ;xof]u tyf ljlQo k|0ffnLaf6
ljlgof]lht ljsf; ah]6sf] l;ldt ;|f]t vt/f Go'lgs/0f pB]Zosf nflu 5'6ofO{Psf]
s'/fdf klg k|sfz kf/]sf] 5 . pknAw l;ldt ;|f]t k|of]u ul/ k|sf]khGo
vt/fnfO{ Go'lgs/0f ug]{ o;sf] dxTjk'0f{ kIfnfO{ klg s]nfPsf] 5 .
(= d'Vo sdL tyf r'gf}ltx?x?nfO{ lgDg % If]qdf klxrfg ul/Psf] 5 M

7. s_ ;'zf;gM ;+u7gfTds, sfg'gL / gLltut ;+/rgf
v_ Vft/fsf] klxrfg, d'Nof+sg, cg'udg / k'j{ ;'rgf
u_ 1fgsf] Joj:yfkg / lzIff
3_ cGtlg{lxt vt/fsf kIf Go'g ug]{
ª_ k|efjsf/L k|ltlqmof / ;'wf/sfnflu k'j{tof/L
oL d'Vo If]qx?df Wofg lbO{ Ps bzs -@))%–@)!%_ ;f+ble{s sfo{ ;
+/rgfnfO{ ljsf; ul/g' k5{ .
@= k|sf]k Go'lgs/0f ;DalGw ljZj ;Dd]ng pB]Zo, cfzf ul/Psf kl/0ffdx? /
/0fgLlts pB]Zo
s_ pB]Zo M
!)= k|sf]k Go'lgs/0f ;DalGw ljZj ;Dd]ng % ljz]if pB]Zo ;lxt ;fw/0f ;efsf]
lg0f{on] ;+rfng ePsf] xf] .
s_ k|sf]k Go'lgs/0fsf lgb]{lzt ;+/rgfx?nfO{ @! cf}+ ztfJbLsf] ljZjnfO{ ;'wf/
tyf ;'/lIft ug{sf nflu of]sf]xfdf /0fgLlt / o;sf] sfo{ of]hgfaf/] ePsf]
k'gd{'Nof+sgnfO{ lgZsif{df k'¥ofO{ o;af/] k|ltj]bg a'emfpg] .

8. v_ ljz]if ultljlw h;n] hf]xfg;ju{df ePsf] lbuf] ljsf; ;DalGw lzv/ ;Dd]ng
cGtu{tsf] of]hgf sfof{Gjogn] klxrfg u/]sf ;f+ble{s cfjZostf h:t}M ;+s6fljd'v,
vt/f d'Nof+sg / k|sf]k Joj:yfkg ;DalGw nfu' ug]{ ;'lglZrttf u5{ .
u_ /fd|f cEof;x? / l;sfO{x?nfO{ ;f6f;f6 ug]{, h;af6 k|sf]k
Go'lgs/0fnfO{ lbuf] ljsf; ;“u;“u} cem} a9fjf lbg ;lsof]; / o;sf sdL tyf
r'gf}tLx?nfO{ klxrfg ug{ ;lsof]; .
3_ k|sf]k Go'lgs/0f gLltsf] cfjZostfnfO{ cf}+Nofpb} hgr]tgf clej[l4 ug]{ /
ToxL“af6 tL gLltx? Nffu' ug{sf nflu ;xlhs/0f tyf k|j4{g ug]{ .
ª_ hf]xfg;ju{ of]hgf sfof{Gjogn] O{+lut u/] cg';f/ ;a} If]qsf ;j{;fw/0f tyf k|
sf]k Joj:yfkg ;+:yfx?nfO{ e/kbf]{ / ;lhn} pknAw x'g] k|sf]k ;DalGw
pko'Qm ;'rgf j[l4 ug]{ .
v_ cfzf ul/Psf kl/0ffdx?
!!=oL pB]Zox?nfO{ Wofgdf /flv / of]sf]xfdf /0fgLlt d'Nof+sgaf6
lgZsif{ lgsfln, k|sf]k Go'lgs/0f ;DalGw ;Dd]ng -o;kl5 …;Dd]ngÚ pNn]v
ul/g] 5_df ;xeflu d'n's tyf cGo kIfn] cfufdL !) jif{df lgDg cfzf ul/Psf] kl/0ffd
k|fKtLsf nflu nfUg' k5{ M
k|sf]kn] /fi6« tyf ;d'bfosf] ;DklQsf] ?kd /x]sf hLjg / ;fdflhs, cfly{s / jftfj/l0fo
kIfdf pNn]vgLo IftL k'¥ofp“5 .

9. o; kIfnfO{ cg'e'lt ug{ ;a} kIf h:t} ;/sf/, If]qLo tyf cGt/fli6«o ;+:yf, gful/s
;dfhsf ;fy} :jo+;]jL, lglh If]q / j}1flgs ;d'bfosf] k'0f{ k|ltj4tf / ;+nUgtfsf]
cfjZostf 5 .
u_ /0fgLlts pB]Zox?
!@=o; ck]lIft kl/0ffdsf nflu , ;Dd]ngdf k|ltj4 ul/Psf lgDg /0fgLlts pB]Zox?
Nffu' ug'{ k5{ M
s_ k|sf]k ;DalGw k|of;x?nfO{ lbuf] ljsf; gLlt, ;a} txdf of]hgf tyf
sfo{qmdsf ;fy} k|sf]k /f]syfd, ;'wf/, k'j{tof/L / ;+s6 Go'lgs/0fdf Plss[t u/]df
k|efjsf/L /xG5 .
v_ ;a} txdf ;+:yf, ;+oGq / Ifdtfsf] ljsf; tyf dhj'lts/0f ug'{ k5{, ljz]iful/
;fd'bflos txdf h;n] Jojl:yt ?kdf vt/f ;fdgfsf nflu of]ubfg k'¥ofpg] 5 .
u_ vt/f Go'lgs/0f ;DalGw cjwf/0ffx?nfO{ cfsl:ds ljklQ k'j{tof/L, o;sf]
hjfkmb]xLkg / ;'wf/ sfo{qmdx?df Jojl:yt ?kdf ;dflji6 u/fpg' k5{ .
#= sfo{;+/rgf @))%–@)!%sf k|fyldstfx?
s_ ;fdfGo dfGotfx?

10. !#= lg0ff{os pko'Qm sfo{sf dfWodn] xfl;n x'g] ck]lIft kl/0ffd / /0fgLlts
pB]Zosf nflu ;Dd]ngn] lgDg ;fdfGo dfGotfx?nfO{ Wofg lbg' kg]{ pNn]v
u/]sf] 5 M
s_ of]sf]xfdf /0fgLltdf /x]sf l;4fGtx?sf] clxn]sf] ;Gbe{df ;fGble{stf 5
h;nfO{ k|sf]k Go'lgs/0fsf nflu k|ltj4tfsf ?kdf lrlqt ul/Psf] 5 .
v_ cGt/fli6«o ;xof]u tyf ;fem]bf/Lsf] dxTjnfO{ Wofgdf /fVb}, k|To]s
/fi6«sf] cfkmgf] lbuf] ljsf;sf nflu / k|sf]khGo vt/f Go'g ug{sf nflu k|efjsf/L
pkfo canDag ug{ k|fylds pQ/bfloTjsf ;fy} cfkmgf] ef}uf]lns If]q leqsf] hg;
+Vof, ef}lts k'jf{wf/ tyf cGo /fli6«o ;DklQx?nfO{ k|sf]ksf] c;/af6 ;'/Iff
ug'{ k5{ . To;}ul/, a9bf] ljZjJoflk cGt/lge{/tfsf] kl/k|]Ifdf cGt/fli6«o ;xof]u /
cGt/fli6«o jftfj/0fnfO{ ;'b[l9s/0f ug'{ cfjZos o; cy{df 5 ls h;af6 1fgsf] ljsf;sf
nflu clek|]l/t / of]ubfg lbg ;lsof]; .
u_ k|sf]khGo vt/f Go'lgs/0fsf nflu Pp6f Plss[t, ax'–hf]lvd
cjwf/0ffnfO{ gLltdf canDag ug'{sf ;fy} k|sf]ksf] vt/fdf /x]sf] /fi6«x?df k|
sf]k / 4G4kl5sf] cj:yfdf lbuf] ljsf;, p4f/, k'g:{yfkg / ;'wf/sf ultljlwnfO{
;Daf]wg ug{ of]hgf tyf sfo{qmd lgwf{/0f ug'{ k5{ .
3_ ;a}vfn] k|sf]khGo vt/f Go'lgs/0f Joj:yfkg gLltx?, of]hgf tyf lg0f{o k|
s[ofsf ;fy} vt/fsf] d'Nof+sg,k'j{;'rgf, ;'rgf Joj:yfkg / lzIff tyf tflnd sfo{qmddf
n}+lus cjwf/0ffnfO{ klg Plss[t ug'{ k5{ .
ª_ k|sf]khGo vt/f Go'lgs/0f ;DalGw of]hgf tof/L ubf{ ;f+:s[lts ljljwtf,
pd]/ / ;+s6df k/]sf ;d'x cfbL kIfdf Wofg lbg' k5{ .

11. r_ ;d'bfo tyf :yflgo clwsf/Lx? b'j}nfO{ k|sf]khGo vt/f Go'g ug{ tyf Joj:yfkg
ug{ ;zlQms/0f ug'{ k5{ / o;sf nflu pgLx?sf] cfjZos ;'rgfdf kx'“r k'¥ofpg'
k5{ / k|sf]hGo vt/fnfO{ 36fpg ;|f]t tyf clwsf/ pknAw u/fpg' k5{ .
5_ k|sf]ksf] vt/fdf /x]sf ljsf;f]Gd'v /fi6«, ljz]iful/ Go'g cfo ePsf /fi6«
tyf ;–;fgf 6fk'n] ag]sf ljsf;f]Gd'v d'nsx?df Hff]lvd / vt/f pRr ePsfn] pgLx?
sf] k|sf]knfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]{ tyf ;'wf/ ug]{ kIfdf pgLx?sf] Ifdtf a9fpgsf nflu
ljz]if Wofg lbg' k5{ .
h_ k|sf]khGo vt/f Go'lgs/0fsf nflu cGt/fli6«o tyf If]lqo ;xof]unfO{ a9fpg'
cfaZos /x]sf] 5 h'g o; k|sf/ ug{ ;lsG5 M
• k|sf]khGo vt/f Go'lgs/0fnfO{ ;an agfpg 1fg, k|ljlw / ljz]if1tfsf] lj:tf/
ug'{ k5{ .
• cg';Gwfgaf6 kQf nfu]sf s'/fx?, l;sfO{x? / /fd|f cEof;x?sf] ;f6f;f6 ug'{
k5{ .
• k|sf]khGo vt/f ;DalGw ;'rgf / o;n] kfg]{ k|efjsf] ;'rgfnfO{ ;+u|lxt
ug'{ k5{ h;n] lbuf] ljsf; tyf k|sf]khGo vt/f Go'lgs/0f ;DalGw ;'rgfsf]
k|jfx ug{ ;sf]; .
• k|sf]khGo vt/f Go'lgs/0fsf ;a} txdf hgr]tgf clej[l4 tyf Ifdtf ljsf; ug]{
;fy} ljsf;f]Gd'v /fi6«df k|sf]k ;fdgf ug{sf nflu ;'zf;gdf hf]8 lbg
cfaZos ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg' k5{ .

12. • …O{g 8]A6]8 kf]/ slG6«h O{lgl;ol6eÚnfO{ Wofgdf /flv o;
sfo{qmddf k/]sf /fi6«x?df pQm sfo{qmd r':t, ultlzn / k|efjsf/L ?kdf
nfu' ug'{ k5{ .
• ljBdfg vt/fx? / eljiodf cfO{kg]{ gof“ k|sf]khGo vt/fx?af6 aRg
cfly{s ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg' k5{ .
em_ k|sf]hGo vt/f Go'lgs/0fsf nflu /f]syfdsf] ;+:s[lt k|j4{gsf ;fy} kof{Kt ;|f]t
kl/rfng ug'{ klg eljiosf nflu nufgL ug'{ xf] h;n] oy]i6 k|ltkmn lbG5 . vt/fsf]
d'Nof+sg tyf k'j{ ;'rgfdf ul/g] cfjZos nuflgn] hLjg, ;DklQ / lhljsf]kfh{gsf] ;'/
Iff / ;+/If0f u5{ h;sf sf/0f lbuf] ljsf; / k|sf]k eO{;]skl5sf] cj:yfdf To;sf] ;fdgf,
;Daf]wg, p4f/ / ;'wf/df k|sf]k;“u h'Wg] Ifdtf k|0ffnLnfO{ ;:tf] / k|efjsf/L
agfp“5 .
~f_ k|sf]khGo vt/fsf] ;fdgf ug{ cu|ufdL pkfox?sf] cfjZostf 5 . k|sf]khGo
vt/fdf p4f/sf] cj:yf, k'g:{yfkg / k'g;++/rgfnfO{ Wofgdf /flv o;n]
lhljsf]kfh{gsf] k'glg{df{0f / ef}lts tyf ;fdflhs–cfly{s ;+/rgfx?sf] of]hgf tyf
k'glg{df{0fnfO{ eljiodf x'g] k|sf]khGo vt/fnfO{ sd ug{ tyf ;d'bfosf] ;fdgf
Ifdtf a9fpg] Ps df}sfsf] ?kdf lng' k5{ .
6_ lbuf] ljsf;sf] ;+be{df k|sf]khGo vt/f Go'lgs/0f Ps cGt/–;DalGwt ;jfn xf],
To;}n] cGt/fli6«o :t/df ;Demf}tf ulPsf ljsf;sf nIf xfl;n ug]{ of] Pp6f
dxTjk'0f{ tTj xf] h;df ;x;|flJb 3f]if0ff klg k5{ . o;sf cltl/Qm ;a} k|of;x?
dfgljo ;xof]usf nflu x'g' k5{ h;sf dfWodaf6 vt/f / eljiodf cfO kg]{ ;
+s6fljd'vtfnfO{ oyf;So sd ug{ ;lsof]; .

13. v_ sfo{sf nflu k|fyldstfx?
!$= of]sf]xfdf /0fgLlt d'Nof+sgsf] lgZsif{ lgsfNbf, k|sf]k Go'lgs/0f ;DalGw
ljZj ;Dd]ngsf of]hgfx?sf] cfwf/df / ljz]if ul/ ;xdlt ul/Psf ck]lIft kl/0ffdx? / /
0fgLlts pB]Zox?sf] cfwf/df ;Dd]ngn] lgDg % k|fylds sfo{x?nfO{ lnPsf] 5
M
s_ k|sf]khGo vt/fsf] Go'lgs/0f /fli6«o / :yfgLo k|fyldstf ePsfn]
o;nfO{ alnof] ;+:yfut cfwf/df nfu' ug'{ k5{ eGg] s'/fsf] ;'lglZrttf ug'{ .
v_ k|sf]ksf vt/fx?sf] klxrfg, d'Nof+sg / cg'udg ug]{ tyf k'j{ ;'rgf ;+oGqnfO{
;'b[9 ug]{ .
u_ ;a} txdf ;'/Iffsf] ;+:s[lt tyf k|sf]k ;fdgfsf nflu 1fg, cGj]if0f / lzIffsf] k|of]u
ug]{ .
3_ vt/fsf cfwf/e't kIfnfO{ Go'g ug]{ .
ª_ ;a} txdf k|sf]k k'j{tof/Lsf k|ltlqmofnfO{ ;'b[l9s/0f ug]{ .
!%= k|sf]khGo vt/fsf] Go'lgs/0f cjwf/0ffdf /fHo, If]lqo tyf cGt/fli6«o ;+:yf /
cGo ;DalGwt kIfx?n] oL % k|fylds sfo{x?df /x]sf ultljlwx?nfO{ plrt tj/df
cfkmg} kl/l:ylt / Ifdtf cg';f/ ckgfpg' k5{ / To;nfO{ nfu' ug'{ k5{ .

14. != k|sf]khGo vt/fsf] Go'lgs/0f /fli6«o / :yfgLo k|fyldstf ePsfn]
o;nfO{ alnof] ;+:yfut cfwf/df nfu' ug'{ k5{ eGg] s'/fsf] ;'lglZrttf ug'{ .
!^= k|sf]khGo vt/f Go'lgs/0fsf nflu h'g /fi6«x?n] gLlt, P]g sfg'g / ;+:yfut ;
+;rgf ljsf; u/]sf 5g pgLx?n] k|utL / ljsf;nfO{ j:t'ut tyf dfkgsf] O{sfO{sf]
cfwf/df vt/fnfO{ Joj:yfkg ug]{ Ifdtf /xG5 / ;dfhsf ;a} If]qdf k|sf]khGo vt/f
Go'lgs/0fsf ;Dk'0f{ sfo{x?df lj:tfl/t ;Ddlt xfl;n ug{, ;+nUg /xg / To;nfO{
;DkGg ug{] Ifdtf /xG5 .
k|d'v ultljlwx?
!_ /fli6«o ;+:yfut / sfg'gL ;+/rgf
s_ /fli6«o Plss[t k|sf]khGo Go'lgs/0f ;+oGqsf] l;h{gf / ;'b[l9s/0fsf nflu
;xof]u k'¥ofpg' k5{ h:t} M ax'If]lqo /fli6«o d~r, h'g /fli6«o :t/af6 :yfgLo
tx ;Dd clwsf/ ;DkGg x'G5 To;sf] dfWodaf6 ;a} If]qdf ;+of]hgsf] ;xlhs/0f
x'G5 . /fli6«o d~rn] ;a} If]qaLr ;xlhs/0f klg ug'{ k5{ ;fy} /fli6«o tyf If]lqo
txdf ;DalGwt If]qaLr lj:t[t jx;sf] yfngL ug'{ k5{ .
v_ pko'Qm tj/df k|sf]khGo vt/f Go'lgs/0fnfO{ ;/sf/sf ;a} txsf] ljsf; gLlt /
of]hgfsf ;fy} ul/jL Go'lgs/0f /0fgLlt / If]lqo / ax'–If]lqo gLlt tyf of]hgfdf
Plss[t ug'{ k5{ .
u_ k|sf]khGo vt/f Go'lgs/0fsf nflu P]g sfg'gnfO{ cfaZostf cg';f/ u|x0f / kl/
dfh{g ug'k5{ ;fy} o; cGtu{tsf lgodx? / ;+oGqn] vt/f Go'lgs/0fsf nflu ;xlhs/
0f u5{ / pTk|]/0ffsf] k|j4{g u5{ .

15. 3_ k|sf]khGo vt/fsf :yfgLo gd'gf tyf k4ltsf] ljlzi6tf / dxTjsf] klxrfg
ug'{ k5{ / pko'Qm cfwf/df k|sf]khGo vt/f Go'lgs/0fsf pQ/bfloTjx? / ;|f]tsf]
ljs]lGb|s/0f ug'{ k5{ .
@= ;|f]tx?
ª_ k|sf]khGo vt/f Go'lgs/0fsf nflu ;a} txdf pknAw dfgj ;|f]t Ifdtfsf]
d'Nof+sg ug'{ k5{ / eO{/x]sf / eljiodf cfjZos kg]{ o; ;DalGw a}7sx?sf]
Ifdtf lgdf{0f of]hgf tyf sfo{qmdsf] ljsf; ug'{ k5{ .
r_ k|sf]khGo vt/f Go'lgs/0f Joj:yfkg gLlt, sfo{qmd, sfg'g / lgodx?sf] ljsf;
tyf sfof{Gjog ug{sf nflu ;|f]t pknAw u/fpg' k5{ h'g ;a} txsf ;DalGwt If]q
tyf ;Dk'0f{ k|zf;lgs txdf k|fylds sfo{ ;'lrsf cfwf/df k'Ug' k5{ .
5_ k|sf]khGo vt/f Go'lgs/0fnfO{ ljsf;sf sfo{qmddf Plss[t ug{ / k|j4{g ug{ ;/
sf/n] alnof] /fhg}lts k|ltj4tf b]vfpg' cfjZos 5 .
#= ;fd'bflos ;xeflutf
h_ j:t'ut gLlt lgdf{0f, ;+hfnsf] k|j4{g, :jo+;]jL ;|f]tx?sf] /0fgLlts Joj:yfkg,
e'ldsf / pQ/bfloTjsf] dxTj / cfjZos clwsf/ / ;|f]tx?sf] x:tfGt/0fsf dfWodaf6
k|sf]khGo vt/f Go'lgs/0fdf ;fd'bfosf] ;xeflutfnfO{ k|j4{g ug'{ k5{ .

16. @= k|sf]khGo vt/fsf] klxrfg, d'Nof+sg tyf cg'udgsf ;fy} o;sf] k'j{ ;'rgf ;
+oGq lgdf{0f ug'{
!&= k|sf]khGo vt/f Golgs/0fsf] k|j]z ljGb' / k|sf]k ;fdgfsf] ;+:s[lt k|j4{g
hf]lvdsf] 1fg / k|sf]ksf] ef}lts ;fdflhs,cfly{s / jftfj/l0fo ;+s6fljd'vtfdf cjl:yt
x'G5 h'g clwsf+z ;dfhn] ef]u]sf x'G5g / 5f]6f] / lb3{sflng ?kdf vt/f / ;
+s6fljd'vtfsf :j?kx? kl/jt{g eO{/x]sf 5g, o;nfO{ ToxL k|fKt 1fgsf cfwf/df
lnO{g' k5{ .
k|d'v ultljlwx?
!= /fli6«o / :yflgo d'Nof+sg
s_ hf]lvd gSzfx? / ;DalGwt ;'rgfx?sf] ljsf; ug]{, ;do ;dodf cBfjlws ug]{ /
j[xQ/ ?kdf lg0f{o txdf a;]sfx?, ;j{;fw/0f / vt/fdf /x]sf ;'dbfonfO{ pko'Qm
9f“rfdf af“8g' k5{ .
v_ /fli6«o tyf :yfgLo tj/df k|sf]khGo vt/f tyf ;+s6fljd'vtfsf dfkgx?sf] k|0ffnL
ljsf; ug]{, h;sf dfWodaf6 lg0f{o txdf a;]sfx?nfO{ k|sf]ksf sf/0f ;fdflhs,
cfly{s / jftfj/l0fo cj:yfdf k/]sf]] c;/ d'Nof+sg ug{ ;lhnf] xf]]; / k|fKt
kl/0ffdnfO{ lg0ff{os txdf /xg], ;j{;fw/0f / vt/fdf /x]sf hg;+Vofdf k'¥ofpg
;lsof]; .
u_ lgoldt ?kdf cGt/fli6«o, If]lqo, /fli6«o tyf :yflgo ;+oGq4f/f k|sf]k ePsf],
o;n] kf/]sf c;/ tyf Ifltaf/] tYof+s ;+sng ug]{, ;+Zn]z0f ug]{, ;+If]lks/0f ug]{ /
tYof+lso ;'rgf tof/ ug]{ .

17. @= k'j{ ;'rgf
3_ hg s]lGb|t k'j{ ;'rgf k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; ug]{, o; lglZrt k|0ffnLsf]
dfWodaf6 ;dod} / a'emg ;Sg] ul/ vt/fdf /x]sfnfO{ ;'rgf k|jfx ug]{ h'g nlIft
ju{sf] hg;+Vof, n}+lus, ;f+:s[lts / lhljsf]kfh{gsf ljz]iftfx?nfO{ Wofgdf
/flvPsf] x'g' k5{ .;Defljt vt/fsf] cj:yfdf k'j{ ;'rgf k|0fflnnfO{ s;/L ;+rfng ug]
{ eGg] af/] k|sf]k Joj:yfks tyf lg0f{o txdf a:g]x?n] k|efjsf/L ?kdf
sfof{Gjog ug{ ;S5g .
ª_cfktsflng cj:yfnfO{ Wofgdf /flv To;a]nf lnO{g] l56f] / ;+of]lht
sbdnfO{ ;'lglZrttf ug{ k'j{ ;'rgf k|0ffnLsf nflu ;'rgf ;+oGq :yfkgf ul/ ;do
;dodf o;nfO{ cBfjlws / k'gd{'Nof+sg ug'{ k5{ .
r_ k'j{ ;'rgf k|0ffnLnfO{ ;/sf/L gLlt, lg0f{of ug]{ k|s[of / cfktsflng Joj:yfkg
k|0fflnsf] /fli6«o / :yfgLo txdf Plss[t ug{sf nflu ;+:yfut Ifdtfsf] ;'lglZrttfnfO{
:yflkt ug'{ k5{ / o;sf] lgoldt hf“r k|0ffnL / sfo{sf] d'Nof+sg ug'{k5{ .
5_ ;g @))#df hd{gLsf] af]gdf ;DkGg k'j{ ;'rgf ;DalGw bf];|f] cGt/fli6«o
;Dd]ngaf6 kfl/t kl/0ffdnfO{ nfu' ug'{ k5{ / o;nfO{ k'j{;'rgf;“u ;DalGwt ;a}
If]q tyf kIf dfkm{t ;'b[9 ;+of]hg tyf ;xof]u ub}{ k'j{;'rgf k|0ffnLnfO{ k|efjsf/L
agfpg' k5{ .
h_ …dl/;;Ú /0fgLltsf kl/0ffd nfu' ug'{ k5{ / cem of] eGbf a9L …af/af8f];Ú
sfo{qmd ;+/rgf nfu' ug{ hf]8 lbg' k5{ h;af6 ;–;fgf 6fk'af6 ag]sf]

18. ljsf;f]Gd'v /fHox?sf] lbuf] ljsf;df 6]jf k'uf]; / ;'b[9 / k|efjsf/L k'j{ ;'rgf k|0ffnL
:yfkgfaf6 k|sf]khGo vt/f sd ug{'sf ;fy} To;sf] ;dfwfg ug{ ;lsof]; .
#= Ifdtf
em_ k'jf{wf/ tyf a}1flgs, k|fljlws / ;+:yfut Ifdtfsf] ljsf; tyf lbuf]kgfsf nflu
;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] h'g cg';Gwfg, d'Nof+sg, ljZn]if0f, gSzf+sgsf nflu
cfjZos 5 / hxf“ ;Dej 5 Toxf“sf] k|sf]khGo vt/f, ;+s6fljd'vtf / k|sf]ksf] c;/af/]
eljiojfl0f ug]{ .
~f_ k|sf]k;“u ;DalGwt tYof+lso ;'rgfsf] ljsf; / ;'wf/sf nflu ;xof]u pknAw
u/fpg] / d'Nof+sg, cg'udg, k'j{;'rgf k|0ffnLsf nflu cGt/fli6«o, If]lqo,
/fli6«o / :yfgLo txdf oL tYof+ssf] v'nf cfbfg k|bfg tyf ;fj{hlgs ug{sf nflu k|
f]T;fxg / k|j4{g ug]{ .
6_ vt/fsf] d'Nof+sg, cg'udg / k'j{;'rgfsf nflu cg';Gwfg, ;fem]bf/L, tflnd / k|
fljlws Ifdtf lgdf{0f ug{sf nflu j}1flgs / k|fljlws ljlw tyf Ifdtfdf ;'wf/ Nofpg
;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] . cGtl/Ifdf cfwfl/t k[YjLsf] cWoog, cGtl/If k|ljlw,,
ef}ule{s ;'rgf k|0ffnL, vt/fsf] eljiojfl0f, df};d tyf hnjfo'sf] eljiojf0fL, ;'rgf ;
+oGq / vt/f d'Nof+s / k'j{;'rgf k|0ffnLsf] nfut / kmfO{bfaf/]sf k'jf{wf/x?
nfO{ k|j4{g ug]{ .
7_ vt/f gSzf+sg ;DalGw tYof+s, k|sf]khGo vt/f, c;/x? / Iflt ;DalGw
tYof+lso ;'rgfsf] ljZn]if0f, ;+If]lks/0f, ;Dk|]if0f / cfbfg k|bfg ug{sf nflu ;
+oGq :yfkgf ul/ To;nfO{ ;'b[l9s/0f ug'{ k5{ ;fy} vt/f d'Nof+sg / cg'udgfsf
nflu :jLsfo{ ljlwsf] ljsf; ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg' k5{ .

19. $= If]lqo / pbfpbf vt/fx?
8_ If]lqo k|sf]khGo vt/f, c;/x? / Ifltaf/] tYof+lso ;'rgf / tYof+s ;+sng ug]{ .
9_ If]lqo tyf l;dfkf/ vt/fx?sf] d'Nof+sg tyf cg'udg ug{ / pko;Qm dfWod4f/f
;'rgf cfbfg k|bfg ug{ / k'j{;'rgf pknAw u/fpg If]lqo / cGt/fli6«o k/:k/ ;xof]u
x'g' k5 .
0f_ lb3{sflng c;/x? / pbfpbf ;jfnx? h;n] ;+s6fljd'vtf / vt/fx?nfO{ a9fpg ;Sg]
x'G5g jf ;d'bfos jf clwsf/Lx?sf] k|sf]knfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]{ Ifdtfdf o;n] c;/
k'¥ofpg ;S5, To;}n] o; af/] cg';Gwfg, ljZn]if0f ug]{ / To;af/] hfgsf/L
pknAw u/fpg' k5{ .
#= ;a} txdf ;'/Iff tyf Ifdtf clej[l4sf] ;+:sf/ ljsf; ug{ 1fg, gljg ljrf/ tyf
lzIffsf] k|of]u
!*= olb hgtfnfO{ k|sf]k /f]syfd tyf ;fdgf s;/L ug]{ eGg] ;+:sf/af/] ;lx ;'rgf
clek|l/t ug{ ;Sg] xf] eg] k|sf]k Go'lgs/0fdf pNn]Vo sld cfpg ;S5, h;sf nflu
vt/f, ;+s6fljd'vtf / Ifdtfaf/] ;DalGwt 1fg / ;'rgfsf] ;+sng tyf ;Dk|]if0f cfjZos
5.
k|d'v ultljlwx? M
!=;'rgf Joj:yfkg tyf cfbfg k|bfg

20. s_ k|sf]khGo vt/f tyf To;af6sf] ;'/Iffsf nflu ;lhn} a'lemg ;lsg] ;'rgf pknAw
u/fpg], ljz]if ul/ hf] pRr hf]lvd cj:yfdf /x]sf JolQmx? 5g , vt/f 36fpg / k|
sf]k ;fdgfsf nflu hgtfx?nfO{ xf};nf k|bfg ug]{ tyf ;xlhs/0f ug]{ . ;'rgfdf
;f+ble{s k/Dk/fut tyf cfbLjf;L 1fg / ;f+:s[lts ;DkbfnfO{ ;dflxt ug]{ / ;f+:s[lts
tyf ;fdflhs kIfnfO{ Wofgdf /flv o;nfO{ ljleGg nlIft ;d'xdf ;Dk|]if0f ug]{ .
v_ ;a} kIf / If]qaLr k|sf]k ljz]if1, Joj:yfks / of]hgfsf/sf] ;+hfnnfO{ dh'j'lts/0f
ug]{ . lgsfox? / cGo kIfx? :yfgLo txdf vt/f Go'lgs/0f of]hgf ljsf;
ubf{ pknAw ljz]if1tf k|of]u ug{sf nflu dhj't k|s[of l;h{gf ug]{ .
u_ k|sf]khGo vt/f Go'lgs/0fdf sfo{/t a}1flgs ;d'bfo tyf cEof;stf{aLr
;Djfb / ;xof]usf] k|j4{g tyf ;'wf/ ug]{ / ;j} kIfaLr ;fem]bf/Lsf nflu xf};nf
lbg], ;fy} k|sf]khGo vt/f Go'lgs/0fdf ;fdflhs–cfly{s kIfdf sfo{/t
kIfnfO{ klg ;DnUg u/fpg] .
3_ k|sf]khGo vt/f Go'lgs/0fnfO{ ;3fp k'¥ofpg] pB]Zon] tflnd / ;'rgf cfbfg
k|bfg tyf ;Dk|]if0fsf nflu tTsfn ;'rgf, ;+rf/ / pku|xdf cfwfl/t / ;DalGwt ;]jfx?
sf ;fy} k[YjLsf] cjnf]sg cflbsf] k|of]u, pkof]u / wfGg ;Sg] IfdtfnfO{ k|j4{g
ug]{ .
ª_ dWod txdf, :yfgLo, /fli6«o, If]lqo / cGt/fli6«o :t/df ;lhn} k|of]u ug{ ;lsg]
;'rgf, cGj]zif0f / /fli6«o ;'rgf k|0ffnLnfO{ ljsf; ug'{ k5{ / k|sf]khGo vt/f
;DalGw /fd|f cEof;x? ;DalGwt ;'rgfx?sf] cfbfg k|bfg, k/n d'No tyf ;lhn} k|
of]u ug{ ;lsg] k|ljlw / gLltx?af6 l;s]sf kf7x?, of]hgf / dfkgnfO{ ;Dk|]if0f
ug'{ k5{ .

21. r_ ;x/L ljsf;;“u ;DalGwt ;+:yfx?n] lgdf{0fsfo{ jf hldg lsga]r ;'? ug'{ eGbf
klxn] k|sf]khGo vt/f sd ug]{ eGg]af/] ;j{;fw/0fnfO{ ;';'lrt ug'{ k5{ .
5_ k|sf]khGo vt/f Go'lgs/0f;“u ;DalGw k|of]u ul/g] cGt/fli6«o :t/sf
zJbfjlnx?nfO{ cBfjlws ug'{ k5{ / j[xQ/ ?kdf To;nfO{ ;Dk|]if0f ug'{ k5{, h'g
slDtdf klg ;+o'Qm/fi6« ;+l3o lgsfo cGtu{tsf ;a} efiffdf x'g'
k5{ h;nfO{ sfo{qmd / ;+:yfut ljsf;, cg';Gwfg, tflnd kf7oqmd / ;fj{hlgs ;'rgf
sfo{qmdx?df k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 .
@=;'rgf / tflnd
h_ k|sf]khGo vt/f Go'lgs/0f ;DalGw 1fgnfO{ ;a} txsf] ljBfno lzIff
kf7oqmddf ;dfj]z ug{ k|j4{g ug]{ / o'jf tyf afnaflnsfnfO{ ;';'lrt ug{ cGo
cf}krfl/s tyf cgf}krfl/s ;+oGq k|of]u ug]{, k|sf]khGo vt/f Go'lgs/0fsf nflu
…lbuf] ljsf;sf nflu lzIff ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+l3o bzs @))%–@)!%Úsf] cfaZos
tTjnfO{ Plss[t ug{sf nflu kxn / k|j4{g ug]{ .
em_ ljBfno tyf pRr z}lIfs ;+:yfx?df :yfgLo vt/f d'Nof+sg / k|sf]k k'j{tof/L
sfo{qmd nfu' ug{ kxn ug]{ .
`_ vt/fsf k|efjx?nfO{ Go'g s;/L ug]{ eGg]af/] ljBfnox?df o; ;DalGw
sfo{qmd tyf ultljlw ;+rfng ug]{ .
6_ ljz]if If]q tyf kIf-ljsf; of]hgfsf/x?, cfktsflng Joj:yfks, :yfgLo ;/sf/L
clws[tx? cflb_nfO{ nlIft ul/ k|sf]khGo vt/f ;DalGw tflnd tyf l;sfO{ sfo{qmd
ljsf; ug]{ .

22. 7_ ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t tflndx?nfO{ k|j4{g ug]{, :jo+;]jLx?sf]
e'ldsfnfO{ Wofgdf /flv, pko'Qm cj:yfdf, k|sf]k ;fdgfsf nflu :yfgLo lzk /
1fgnfO{ k|j4{g ug{sf nflu To;nfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug]{ .
8_ dlxnf tyf vt/fhGo If]qsf ;d'bfosf nflu pko'Qm tflnd tyf lzIffd'ns cj;/df
;dfg kx'“r x'g' k5{ , n}+lus tyf ;f+:s[lts ;+j]bglzntf kIfnfO{ Vofn /fVb}
To;vfn] tflndnfO{ k|j4{g ub}{ n}hfg] / k|sf]khGo vt/f Go'lgs/0fdf
o;nfO{ lzIff tyf tflndsf] cfjZos tTjsf] ?kdf lnO{g' k5{ .
#= cg';Gwfg
9_ ;a} txdf ax'–hf]lvd d'Nof+sg / cfly{s–;fdflhs nfut–kmfO{bf ljZn]z0f
eljiojfl0fsf nflu ;'wfl/Psf ljlw ljsf; ug'{ k5{, oL ljlwx?nfO{ If]lqo, /fli6«o /
:yflgo txsf lg0ff{os txsf k|s[ofx?df ;dflxt u/fpg' k5{ .
0f_ k|sf]khGo vt/f Go'lgs/0f ljlwx?sf] ljsf; tyf k|of]usf nflu k|fljlws tyf
j}1flgs IfdtfnfO{ ;'b[l9s/0f ug'{ k5{ . To;}u/L ;+s6fljd'vtf tyf ef}ule{s,
df};d, hn / df};d ;DalGwt vt/fx? ;DalGw c;/x?sf] cWoog tyf
gd'gfnfO{ ;'lb[l9s/0f ug'{ k5{ . o;sf ;fy} If]lqo cg'udg Ifdtf / d'Nof+sn
ljlwnfO{ ;'wfg'{ k5{ .
$=hgr]tgf

23. t_ k|sf]k ;fdfgfsf] ;+:s[lt ljsf; ug{ tyf ;fj{hlgs lzIff cleofgnfO{ lbuf]
agfpg / ;dfhsf] ;a} txdf 5nkmn rnfpgsf nflu alnof] ;fd'bflos ;xeflutfsf
nflu ;+rf/ dfWodsf] k|of]unfO{ k|j4{g ug'{ k5{ .
$= ljBdfg vt/fsf kIfx?sf] Go'lgs/0f
!(= kl/jlt{t ;fdflhs, cfly{s, jftfj/l0fo cj:yfx? tyf hldgsf] k|of]u;“u ;DalGwt k|
sf]khGo vt/fx? / ef}ule{s 36gf, hnafo', df};d kl/jt{g;“u ;DalGwt vt/fsf c;/x?
nfO{ If]lqo ljsf; of]hgf / sfo{qmdsf ;fy} k|sf]k eO{;s]sf] kl5sf] cj:yfdf
;Daf]wg ug'{ k5{ .
d'Vo ultljlwx? M
!= jftfj/l0fo tyf k|fs[lts ;|f]t Joj:yfkg
s_ kof{j/0f k|0fflnsf] lbuf] k|of]u / Joj:yfkgsf ;fy} ;'b[9 hldgsf] k|of]u
of]hgf ljsf;sf ultljlwsf dfWodaf6 vt/f tyf ;+s6fljd'vtf Go'g ug{ k|]l/t ug]{ .
v_ Plss[t jftfj/l0fo tyf k|fs[lts ;|f]t Joj:yfkg cjwf/0ff nfu' ug]{ h;n] k|sf]khGo
vt/f Go'lgs/0fnfO{ canDag u5{ , ;fy} ;+/rgfut tyf c;+/rgfut k|s[of h:t} M
Plss[t af9L Joj:yfkg / hf]lvdf /x]sf] kof{j/l0fo k|0ffnLsf] pko'Qm Joj:yfkg .
u_ vt/f Go'lgs/0f;“u ;DalGwt ljBdfg df};d clgoldttf tyf eflj df};d kl/jt{g /
0fgLltx?nfO{ k|sf]khGo vt/f Go'lgs/0fsf nflu Plss[t u/fpg] / To;nfO{ df};d
kl/jt{g;“u hf]8g], h;n] df};d ;DalGwt k|sf]khGo vt/fsf] :ki6 klxrfg ug]{ 5 /
h;df of]hgfsf/, O{lGhlgo/ / cGo lg0ff{osx?4f/f tof/ kfl/Psf] vt/f Go'g ug]

24. { k|s[ofx?sf] 9frf / ;'wfl/Psf] tyf lgoldt k|of]usf nflu df};dhGo vt/f
;DalGwt ;'rgfx? /xg] 5 .
@= ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s ljsf; cEof;x?
3_ ;'dbfosf] vt/fhGo hf]lvdsf] ;fdgf ug]{ Ifdtfsf] ;'lglZrttf ug{ vfB ;'/Iff
dxTjk'0f{ ljifo xf] / o;sf] k|j4{g ul/g' k5{, ljz]iful/ h'g If]q v8]/L, af9L tyf
cGo vt/fsf] hf]lvddf /x]sf 5g h;n] s[lifdf lge{/ lhljsf]kfh{gnfO{ sdhf]/
agfp“5 .
ª_ k|sf]khGo vt/f Go'lgs/0f of]hgfnfO{ :jf:Yo If]qdf Plss[t ug]{, …k|
sf]kaf6 c:ktfnx? ;'/lIft 5gÚ eGg] o; pB]ZonfO{ k|j4{g ug]{ /
o;sf] ;'lglZrttfsf] nflu gof“ c:ktfnx? k|sf]khGo vt/fnfO{ k|lt/f]w ug{ ;Sg]
agfpg' k5{ h;sf sf/0f k|sf]ksf] cj:yfdf tL sfd ug{ ;Sg] cj:yfdf /x'g / eO/fv]sf
:jf:Yo ;+:yf ljz]iful/ k|fylds :jf:yo s]Gb|x?df vt/fnfO{ sd ug]{ Ifdtfsf] ?kdf
ljsf; ug]{ .
r_ ;+s6k'0f{ cj:yfdf /x]sf ;fj{hlgs ;]jfx? / ef}lts k'jf{wf/nfO{ ;+/If0f tyf dhj't
agfpg], o;df ljBfno, lSnlgs, c:ktfn, vfg]kfgL tyf ljB'lt cfk'lt{ ;+rgf, ;+rf/ tyf
oftfoft, k|sf]k ;'rgf tyf Joj:yfkg s]Gb|, / ;f+:s[lts ?kn] dxTj /fVg] hldg tyf ;+/
rgf k5{g h;nfO{ pko'Qm 9f“rf, e'sDk k|lt/f]wfTds k|ljlw tyf k|
sf]knfO{ y]Ugsf nflu k'glgdf{0f ug]{ h'g vt/fsf] ;fdgf ug{ ;Sg] xf]cf]; .
5_ ul/j, a[4a[4f / ckf+u / k|sf]kaf6 k|efljt cGo hg;+VofnfO{ ;xof]u ug{
;fdflhs ;'/Iff ;+oGq nfu' ug'{ k5{ . ;+s6fljd'v cj:yfdf /x]sf hg;+Vofsf] dfgl;s

25. IfltnfO{ sd ug{ dgf]– ;fdflhs tflnd sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug'{ k5{, k|sf]k
uO;s]kl5sf] cj:yfdf ljz]if ul/ afaflnsfnfO{ Wofg lbg' k5{ .
h_ k|sf]khGo vt/f Go'lgs/0fsf pkfox?nfO{ k|sf]k kl5sf] p4f/ tyf k'g:yf{kg k|
s[ofdf ;dflxt u/fpg' k5{ / p4f/sf] ;dodf o;nfO{ cj;/sf] ?kdf k|of]u ul/ Ifdtf ljsf;
ug'{ k5{, ;fy} ljz]if1tf, 1fg / l;sfO{x?sf] cfbfg k|bfg ug]{ h;n] lb3{sflng ?
kdf k|sf]khGo vt/f Go'g ug{ ;3fp k'¥ofp5 .
em_ lj:yflkt hg;+Vofdf vt/fhGo hf]lvd tyf ;+s6fljd'vtf a9g glbgsf nflu
pko'Qm sfo{qmdsf] ;'lglZrttf ug]{ .
~f_ pRr– hf]lvdsf] If]qdf /x]sf hg;+Vofsf] ;+s6fljd'vtfhGo vt/f sd ug{sf
nflu ljljw cfod'ns sfo{qmdnfO{ k|j4{g ug]{ / pgLx?sf] k|sf]khGo ;
+s6fljd'vtf ga9f]; eg]/ pgLx?sf] cfo tyf ;DklQsf] sd cf“sng gxf];
eGg] ;'lglZrttf ljsf; gLlt tyf k|s[of4f/f ul/g' k5{ .
6_ cfly{s vt/f–af8kmf8 ;+oGqsf] ljsf;nfO{ k|j4{g ug]{, ljz]ifu/ k|sf]k lj?4
ljdf ;+rfng ug]{ .
7_ lglh If]qnfO{ k|sf]khGo vt/f Go'lgs/0f ultljlwx?df ;DnUg u/fpg
lglh–;fj{hlgs ;fem]bf/Lsf] :yfkgfnfO{ k|j4{g ug]{, lglh If]qnfO{ k|sf]k
/f]syfdsf] ;+:s[lt ljsf; ug{ clek|]l/t ug]{, k'j{ k|sf]k ultljlwsf nflu hf]8bf/sf
;fy ;|f]t kl/rfng ug]{ h:t} Mvt/f d'Nof+sg / k'j{ ;'rgf k|0ffnLsf nflu .
8_ k|sf]khGo vt/fnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ j}slNks tyf gljg cfly{s ;+oGq ljsf; tyf
k|j4{g ug]{ .

26. #= hldg– k|of]u tyf cGo k|fljlws sfo{x?
9_ k|sf]khGo vt/f d'Nof+sgnfO{ k|sf]k hf]lvd j:tLx?sf] ;x/L of]hgf tyf
Joj:yfkgdf ;dflxt ug]{, ljz]if ul/ ;x/ pGd'v j:tLx? / clws hg;+Vofsf] rfk /x]sf
If]qx?df . cgf}krfl/s tyf c:yfoL j:tL tyf pRr hf]lvd If]qdf /xsf cfjf;x?sf] ;jfndf
o;nfO{ k|fyldstfsf ;fy ;Daf]wg ug'{ k5{, ;fy} ;x/L ul/jL Go'lgs/0f tyf ;'s'Djf;L
cj:yf ;'wf/sf sfo{qmd ;+/rgf nfu' ug]{ .
0f_ k|sf]khGo vt/fsf dfGotfx?nfO{ d'Vo ;+/rgf kl/of]hgfsf] of]hgf k|s[ofsf]
d'nwf/df Nofpg] ;fy} o;vfn] kl/of]hgfsf] 9f“rf, :jLs[lt tyf nfu' ug{] cfwf/x?
df ;dflhs, cfly{s / jftfj/l0fo c;/x?sf] d'Nof+sgn] lg0ff{os e'ldsf v]Ng] 5 .
t_ hldg k|of]u gLlt tyf of]hgfsf] kl/Kf|]Ifdf k|sf]khGo vt/f Go'lgs/0fsf nflu
lgb]{zg tyf cg'udg ljlwx?sf] ljsf; / ;'wf/ ug]{ / o;sf] k|of]usf nflu k|f]T;fxg
ug]{ .
y_ k|sf]khGo d'Nof+sgnfO{ u|fld0f ljsf; tyf Joj:yfkgnfO{ ;dflxt ug]{,
ljz]iful/ lxdfnL tyf af9Ln] u|:t x'g] ;dy/ If]qx?df, ;fy} ;'/lIft dfgj j:tLsf nflu
pko'Qm hldgsf] klxrfg ug]{ .
b_ ljBdfg ;+lxtfsf] k'gd'{Nof+sg ug{ tyf gof“ ejg ;+lxtf, k'g:{yfkg /
k'glg{df{0f cEof;x?sf] /fli6«o tyf :yflgo txdf ljsf; ug{sf nflu k|f]T;fxg ug]{ .
oLgnfO{ :yflgo kl/k|]Ifdf cem w]/} pkof]uL agfpg] pB]Zon] ljz]if ul/
cgf}krfl/s tyf cJojl:yt dfgj j:tLdf nfu' ug'{ k5{ . ;Ddltdf cfwfl/t cjwf/0ff cg';f/

27. k|sf]k k|lt/f]wfTds ;+/rgfx?nfO{ a9fjf lbg o;vfn] ;+lxtfnfO{ cg'udg tyf nfu'
ug'{ k5{ .
%= ;a} txdf k|efjsf/L hjfkmsf nflu k|sf]k k'j{tof/LnfO{ dhj'lts/0f ug]{
@)= k|sf]k uPsf] a]nf, o;sf c;/x? / IfltnfO{ pNn]vlgo ?kdf Go'g ug{ ;lsG5
obL vt/f hf]lvdsf If]qsf clwsf/Lx?, JolQm tyf ;d'bfo k'j{ tof/L cj:yfdf 5g /
pgLx? sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf nflu tof/L cj:yfdf x'g'sf ;fy} k|efjsf/L k|sf]k Joj:yfkgsf
nflu 1fg / Ifdtfn] ;';lHht 5g .
k|d'v ultljlwx? M
s_ If]lqo, /fli6«o / :yflgo txsf] k|sf]k Joj:yfkgsf nflu gLlt, k|fljlws, / ;+:yfut
Ifdtfsf ;fy} k|fljlws, tflnd, dfgj tyf ef}lts ;|f]tnfO{ klg ;'lb[l9s/0f ug]{ .
v_ ;j{;Ddlt cjwf/0ff cg';f/ k|sf]khGo vt/f Go'lgs/0fdf ;Djfbsf] k|j4{g tyf
;xof]u ug]{, ;'rgfsf] cfbfg k|bfg tyf ;a} txsf ljsf; tyf cGo ;DalGwt lgof]u / ;
+:yfx?aLr k'j{;'rgf, k|sf]khGo vt/f Go'lgs/0f, k|sf]k ;Daf]wg ljifodf ;+of]hg
x'g' kg]{ .
u_ dhj'lts/0f ug]{ / cfjZos k/]sf vG8df ;+of]lht If]lqo cjwf/0ff ljsf; ug]{,
If]lqo gLltx?, sfo{ ;+oGq, of]hgf / ;'rgf k|0ffnLsf] l;h{gf ug]{ /
To;nfO{ a9fjf lbg] tfls o;af6 r':t / k|efjsf/L k|sf]k ;Daf]wgsf] tof/L
jf ;'lglZrttf ug{ ;lsof]; h;n] /fli6«o Joj:yfkg IfdtfnfO{ a9fjf lbg ;sf]; .

28. 3_ k|sf]k k'j{tof/L tyf s'g} klg a]nf 36g ;Sg] l:yltnfO{ Wofgdf /flv ;a} txdf
of]hgf tyf gLlt agfpg] / To;nfO{ k'gd'{Nof+sg ug]{ tyf cBfjlws /fVg] ,
ljzif]ul/ ;a}eGbf vt/fsf] hf]lvddf /x]sf ;d'xnfO{ s]lGb|t ug]{ . lgoldt ?kdf k|
sf]k k'j{ tof/L cEof;x?sf] k|j4{gsf ;fy} p4f/ s;/L ug]{, vfB tyf cvfB p4f/
;fdflu|df kx'“r af/] l;sfpg] .
ª_ hxf“ cfaZos 5 Toxf“ cfktsflng sf]if :yfkgfsf] k|j4{g ug]{ h;af6 k|sf]k
;Daf]wg, p4f/ tyf k'j{ tof/Lsf nflu ;xof]u k'Ug ;sf]; .
r_ ;d'bfo ;lxtsf ;DalGwt kIfsf] k|sf]khGo vt/f Go'lgs/0fsf nflu ;lqmo
;xeflutf u/fpgsf nflu ljz]if ;+oGq ljsf; ug]{ jf :jo+;]jL efjgfsf] ljsf; ug]{ .
$_ k|of]u tyf cg'udg
s_ ;fdfGo ;f]rx?
@!= o; sfo{ ;+/rgfdf pNn]v ul/Psf /0fgLlts pB]Zo tyf k|fyldstfx? nfu' tyf
cg'udg ug]{ sfo{nfO{ ax' klIfo cjwf/0ffdf /x]sf ljleGg kIf ;fy} ljsf; If]qn]
;Daf]wg ug'{ k5{ . /fHo, If]lqo, cGt/fli6«o ;+:yfx?sf ;fy} ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;
+l3o lgsfo / cGt/fli6«o ljlQo ;+:yfx?nfO{ k|sf]khGo vt/f Go'lgs/0fsf
;jfnnfO{ pgLx?sf] ;a} txsf] lbuf] ljsf; gLlt, of]hgf tyf sfo{qmddf ;dfj];
ug{ cfXfg ug'{ k5{ . gful/s ;dfhsf ;fy} :jo+;]jL, tyf ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t ;+:yfx?,
a}1flgs ;d'bfo / lglh If]q dxTjk'0f{ kIf x'g h;n] k|sf]khGo vt/f
Go'lgs/0fnfO{ ;a} txdf nfu' ug{ dxTjk'0f{ ;xof]u k'¥ofp“5g .

29. @@=k|To]s /fHosf] cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs ljsf;sf] k|d'v bfloTj /xG5, To;}ul/
Ps :fIfd cGt/fli6«o jftfj/0fsf] dxTj 1fgsf] ljsf;df of]ubfg lbg tyf To;nfO{ k|
efjsf/L agfpg / k|sf]k ;fdgfsf nflu /fi6« tyf ;dfhnfO{ ;Ifd agfpg Ifdtf tyf
pTk|]/0ffsf] cfjZostf k5{ . /fHo, If]q tyf cGt/fli6«o ;+:yfn] ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3
nufot cGo cGt/fli6«o ;+:yf, cGt/fli6«o ljlQo ;+:yfx?, Iflqo lgsfo, bft[ ;+:yf,
u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx? hf] k|sf]khGo vt/f Go'lgs/0fdf ;DnUg /x]sf 5g pgLx?;“u /
0fgLlts ;+of]hg ug'{ k5{ .
@#= pko'Qm cj:yfdf ;+hfn lgdf{0f hgjsfnt, ;+of]hg, ;'rgf tyf cg'ejsf] cfbfg
k|bfg, vt/fx? Tyf ;+s6fljd'vtfsf] j}1flgs d'Nof+sg / ;+yfut Ifdtf ljsf; / k|
sf]khGo vt/fx?;“u h'Wgsf nflu /fHo, If]q tyf cGt/fli6«o ;+:yfn] If]lqo ;
+oGq tyf ;+:yfx?sf] Ifdtfsf nflu If]lqo, of]hgf, gLlt / ;emf cEof;x? ljsf;
ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg' k5{ .
@$= o; sfo{ ;+/rgfsf] sfof{Gogdf of]ubfg k'¥ofpg ;a} txdf ax'–klIfo
;fem]bf/L lgd{f0fsf nflu ;a} KfIfnfO{ ,pko'Qm cj:yfdf, :jo+;]jL ?kdf nfUg
pTk|]l/t ug'{ k5{ . /fHo tyf cGo kIfn] /fli6«o, If]lqo tyf cGt/fli6«o txdf
:jo+;]jL ;d'x :yfkgf tyf ;'b[l9s/0fsf nflu pTk|]l/t tyf k|j4{g ug'{ k5{, h'g
:jo+;]jLx? s'g} /fi6« tyf cGt/fli6«o ;d'bfosf nflu ;+s6fljd'vtf tyf k|sf]khGo
vt/fnfO{ sd ug{sf nflu ;Daf]wg ug{ pknAw u/fO{g] 5 .
@%= ;fgf 6fk'x?af6 ag]sf ljsf;f]Gd'v d'n'sdf …af/af8f];Ú sfo{qmdsf]
sfo{nfO{ ult lbgsf nflu …dl/;;Ú /0fgLltn] oL /fHox? k|fs[lts tyf jftfj/l0fo k|
sf]k / To;sf c;/sf lx;fjn ljZjd} clt g} hf]lvdk'0f{ cj:yfdf /x]sf] / c;dfg'kflts
lx;fjn] pRr cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf jftfj/l0fo d'No r'sfpg' kl//x]sf] pNn]v u/]sf] 5 .
oL ;fgf ljsf;f]Gd'v /fHox? k|efjsf/L k|sf]k Joj:yfkgsf nflu k|ltj4 5g eg]

30. /fli6«o ;+/rgfdf ;'wf/ NofPsf 5g . /fli6«o k|sf]knfO{ sd ug{, k'j{ tof/L /
k'j{ ;'rgf Ifdtf, k|sf]khGo vt/f Go'lgs/0fsf nflu hgr]tgf clej[l4, /fli6«o of]hgf
k|s[ofdf vt/f Joj:yfjgnfO{ d'nwf/df Nofpg, ljdf tyf k'glj{df;“u ;DalGWft
;Demf}tfx? / cfktsflng cj:yfdf To;sf] eljiojfl0f tyf ;Daf]wg ug{ / k|fs[lts tyf
jftfj/l0fo k|sf]ksf sf/0f k|efljt dfgj j:tLdf cGt/fli6«o ;d'bfosf] ;xof]udf /fli6«o
sfo{ ;+/rgfnfO{ ;'lb[l9s/0f u/]sf 5g .
@^= ljz]if k|s[ltsf ;+s6fljd'vtfx? / sd ljsl;t /fi6«x?sf] k|sf]knfO{ ;Daf]wg
ug]{ tyf To;nfO{ sd ug]{ ckof{Kt IfdtfnfO{ Wofgdf /flv, sd ljsl;t /fi6«x?af6
g} ;xof]usf] ck]Iff of] cy{df ul/G5 ls of] k|fyldstfsf] ljifo xf], sfo{;+/rgf
sfof{Gjogsf nflu pNn]vlgo sfo{qmd tyf ;DalGwt ;+:yfut ;+oGqnfO{
;lqmo agfpg' k5{ ;fy} ljutdf xfl;n u/]sf pknlAwx?sf] ;+/If0f ug'{ k5{ .
@&= clk|msL d'n'sdf x'g] k|sf]kn] clk|msL dxfb]znfO{ lbuf] ljsf;sf] pB]Zo
xfl;n ug{ ;a} eGbf 7'nf] afwf lgDTofPsf] 5 , ljz]iful/ To; If]qdf x'g] k|sf]ksf]
eljiojf0fL, cg'udg / k|sf]knfO{ sd ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtf cefj 5 . hf]lvdn]
lgDTofPsf] clk|msL hgtfsf ;+s6fljd'vtfnfO{ sd ug{sf ul/lj lgjf/0f /0fgLlt
cfjZos tTj xf] ;fy} ljutdf xfl;n u/]sf ljsf;sf nIfnfO{ ;+/If0f ug{ k|of; ug'{ k5{ .
@*= k|sf]k Go'lgs/0f ;DalGw ljZj ;Dd]ngsf] cg'udgsf ;fy} k|sf]k
Go'lgs/0f ;DalGwt If]qsf cGo k|d'v ;Dd]ngx?sf] cg'udg Plss[t tyf ;+of]lht
x'g' k5{ .
@(= @))%–@)!% ;Dddf sfof{Gjog x'g] o; sfo{ ;+/rgfsf] ;lx tj/n]
k'gd'{Nof+sg x'g' kg]{ 5 .

31. v_ /fHox?
#)= ;a} /fHox?n] lgDg pNn]lvt sfo{x? /fli6«o tyf :yflgo txdf ;DkGg ug{sf
k|oTglzn x'g' k5{, o;df alnof] ckgTjsf] efjgf x'g' k5{ / gful/s ;dfh tyf cGo
kIf;“u ;fem]bf/L ug'{ k5{, o;sf nflu tf]lsPsf] cfly{s, dfgj, / ef}lts Ifdtf cg';f/
x'g' k5{ / k|sf]khGo vt/f Go'lgs/0f;“u ;DalGwt 3/]n' sfg'gL cfjZostf tyf
ljBdfg cGt/fli6«o ljlwnfO{ Wofgdf /fVg' h?/L x'G5 .
s_ /fHosf] Ifdtf, cfjZostf / gLlt cg';f/ k|sf]khGo vtf/ Go'lgs/0fsf] /fli6«o
cj:yfsf] cfwf/e't d'Nof+sg tof/L tyf k|sfzg ug]{ / To; ;'rgfsf] cfbfg k|bfg
;DalGwt If]lqo tyf cGt/fli6«o ;+:yf;“u ug]{ .
v_ sfo{ ;+/rgf sfof{Gjog tyf nfu' ug{ Ps pko'Qm /fli6«o ;+of]hg k|0ffnL
r'Gg] / OG6/g];gn …:6«fl6lh km/ l8hf:6/ l/8S;gÚ ;lrjfnonfO{ ;'rgf ;';'lrt ug]
{.
u_ o; sfo{ ;+/rgf;“u ;DalGwt k|sf]khGo vt/f Go'lgs/0f /fli6«o sfo{qmdsf
;fy} cGt/fli6«o ;xof]uaf/] 5f]6s/Ldf cBfjlws ug]{ / k|sflzt ug]{ .
3_ o; sfo{ ;+/rgf cGtu{tsf /fli6«o pknlAwx?sf] d'Nof+sg k|s[of ljsf; ug]{,
h;n] nfut kmfO{bf ljZn]if0f k|0ffnL / eO/x]sf ;+s6fljd'vtf tyf vt/fsf] cg'udg
tyf d'Nof+sg ug]{, ljz]if ul/ h'g If]qx? Hfnjfo' tyf ef}ule{s vt/fsf] hf]lvddf
/x]sf 5g .

32. ª_ k|sf]khGo vt/f Go'lgs/0f ;DalGw pknlAw ePsf ;'rgfx?nfO{ lbuf]
ljsf;sf ;jfndf rf;f] /fVg] cGt/fli6«o tyf cGo ;+/rgfsf] l/kf]l6{+u ;+oGqdf ;dfj]z
ug]{ .
r_ k|sf]khGo vt/f;“u ;DalGwt cGt/fli6«o sfg'gL ;+oGqx?nfO{ :jLsfg]{ /
/fHon] tL ;+oGqsf] k|efjsf/L ?kdf sfof{Gjog ug]{ .
5_ df};d clgoldttf tyf df};d kl/jt{g;“u hf]l8Psf vt/f Go'lgs/0fnfO{ k|sf]khGo
vt/f Go'lgs/0f tyf df};d kl/jt{g ;DalGw /0fgLltx?;“u Plss[t tyf To;sf] k|j4{g
ug]{, k|sf]khGo vt/f Go'lgs/0f sfo{qmdnfO{ Wofgdf /flv ef}ule{s vt/f h:t}
e'sDk tyf klx/f] Joj:yfkg ;'lglZrttf ug]{ .
u_ If]qLo ;+u7g tyf ;+:yfx?
#!= k|sf]khGo vt/f Go'lgs/0fdf e'ldsf ePsf If]lqo ;+u7gx?nfO{ cfXfg ul/
lgDg sfo{ tf]lsPsf ldlt, ;|f]t tyf k|fyldstfsf cfwf/df ;DkGg ug{' k5{ M
s_ If]lqo sfo{qmdx?sf] k|j4{g ug'{ k5{, h; cGtu{t k|fljlws ;xof]u, Ifdtf ljsf;,
vt/f tyf ;+s6fljd'vtfsf] cg'udg / d'Nof+sgfsf nfluljlwx?sf] ljsf;, ;'rgfsf] cfbfg
k|bfg / ;|f]tsf] k|efjsf/L ljt/0f sfo{qmd kb{5g h;n] /fli6«o tyf If]lqo ?kdf
ePsf sfo{ ;+/rgfsf pB]Zox? xfl;n ug{sf nflu ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] 5 .
v_ klxrfg ul/Psf cfjZostf tyf tf]lsPsf] dfGotfdf /x]/ k|sf]khGo vt/f
Go'lgs/0fsf] cj:yf af/] If]lqo tyf pk–If]lqo d'Nof+sg ug]{ tyf k|sfzg ug]{ .

33. u_ If]lqo ?kdf ePsf k|ult, afwf ty ;xof]u cfj:ostfaf/] cfjlws k'gd'{Nof+sgsf
nflu ;+of]hg ug]{ tyf To;nfO{ k|sfzg ug]{ / cg'/f]w cfPdf /fli6«o sfo{qmd
tyf k|ultx?af/]sf] ;'rgfnfO{ cBfjlws ug{ tL /fi6«x?nfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .
3_ k|sf]khGo vt/f Go'lgs/0fsf] If]qdf cg';Gwfg, tflnd, lzIff, / Ifdtf clej[l4sf
nflu If]lqo ;fem]bf/L s]Gb|x? :yfkgf ug]{ jf ePsfnfO{ ;'b[l9s/0f ug]{ .
ª_ k|sf]k k'j{ ;'rgf, ;'gfld ;lxtsf nflu If]lqo ;+oGq / Ifdtf ljsf; ug{ ;xof]u
k'¥ofpg] .
3_ cGt/fli6«o ;+u7gx?
#@= ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+l3o k|0ffln / cGt/fli6«o ljlQo ;+:yfx? nufotsf
cGt/fli6«o ;+:yfx?nfO{ lgDg pNn]lvt sfo{ lgwf{l/t ;|f]t, ldlt tyf k|fyldstf
leq /lx ;DkGg ug{ cfXfjfg ul/Psf] 5 M
s_ k|sf]k Go'lgs/0fsf nflu cGt/fli6«o /0fgLltnfO{ k'0f{tM ;xof]u tyf
sfof{Gjog ug{ k|]l/t ug]{, k|sf]k ;fdgf /fi6« tyf ;'dbfo lgdf{0fdf pNn]vlgo
Plss[t cjwf/0ffsf nflu ;xof]u k'¥ofpg], k|sf]khGo vt/f Go'lgs/0fnfO{ sfo{ ;+/
rgfdf pNn]v u/] cg';f/ dfgljo tyf lbuf] ljsf;sf If]qdf alnof] cwf/, ;DaGw,
Pstf / Plss[tsf nflu k|]l/t ug]{ .
v_ k|sf]ksf] hf]lvddf /x]sf ljs;f]Gd'v d'n'sdf pko'Qm dfWod tyf ;+of]hg4f/f
k|sf]khGo vt/f Go'lgs/0fsf nflu ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+l3o k|0ffnLsf] ;a{–klIfo
IfdtfnfO{ ;'b[9 ug]{ / sfo{ ;+/rgfdf pNn]v eP cg';f/ k|sf] Go'lg/0f ;DalGw

34. cGt/fli6«o /0fgLlt agfpg / o;sf] pB]Zo tyf k|fyldstf xfl;n ug{ lgoldt
d'Nof+sgsf nflu pko'Qm ljlwx? sfof{Gjog ug]{ .
u_ o; sfo{ ;+/rgfnfO{ k|sf]ksf] vt/fdf /x]sf ljsf;f]Gd'v d'n'sn] sfof{Gjog
ug{sf nflu ;fGble{s sfo{x?sf] klxrfg ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] , ;Dej eP;Dd k|
To]s ;+:yfsf] cfkmg} j}1flgs, dfgljo / ljsf; If]qx?, gLlt, sfo{qmd tyf
cEof;x?df oL ;fGble{s sfo{x? Plss[t x'g' k5{ eGg] s'/fsf] ;'lglZrttf ug]{ /
logsf] sfof{Gjogsf nflu kof{Kt ;|f]tsf] pknAwtf u/fpg] .
3_ k|sf]ksf] hf]lvddf /x]sf ljsf;f]Gd'v /fi6«x?nfO{ k|sf]khGo vt/f
Go'lgs/0fsf sfo{ tyf sfo{qmdsf] /fli6«o /0fgLlt tyf of]hgf lgdf{0fsf nflu
;xof]u k'¥ofpg], / sfo{ ;+rgfsf k|fyldstfsf cfwf/df klxrfg u/] cg';f/ k|sf]khGo
vt/f Go'ls/0fdf pgLx?sf] ;+:yfut / k|fljlws Ifdtf ljsf; ug{] .
ª_ o; ;+/rgfnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg ;DalGwt ;+of]lht ;+oGq h:t} ;+o'Qm /fi6«;
+3 ljsf; ;d'x / …O{G6/ Ph]lG; :6flG8+u sldl6 -Xo'dflg6]l/g PS;g_sf
sfo{x? Plss[t ug{], o;df /fli6«o tx / …/]l;8]G6 sf]cl8{g]6/ l;:6dÚ / ;+o'Qm /
fi6«;+3sf] 6f]nLnfO{ ;DnUg u/fpg] . ;fy} k|sf]khGo vt/f Go'lgs/0fsf ljlwx?
nfO{ …sdg slG6« P;]:fd]G6Ú, ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+l3o ljsf; ;xof]u ;+/rgf / ul/lj
lgjf/0f /0fgLltx?df Plss[t ug]{ .
r_ ljBdfg ;+hfn tyf d~rx?sf] glhssf] ;fem]bf/Ldf, ;a} txdf x'g] k|fs[lts vt/f, ;
+s6fljd'vtf, vt/f, k|sf]ksf] c;/af/] ljZjJoflk ?kdf e/kbf]{ tYof+s ;+sngsf
nflu ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . oL k|of;x?df ljsf;sf l;4fGt, tYof+lso cfwf/sf] ;'/Iff, ;'rs
tyf ;'rf+ssf] ljsf;, k'j{ ;'rgf k|0ffnLnfO{ ;xof]u, tYof+ssf] k'0f{ tyf v'nf cfbfg
k|bfg kb{5g .

35. 5_ k|efljt /fi6«x?sf] cg'/f]w / cfktsflng p4f/ ;xof]u tyf ;+of]hg ;Demf}tfsf]
lgb]{lzt l;4fGtsf] ;Demf}tf cg';f/ /fHox?nfO{ pko'Qm, ;dod} / plrt ;
+of]hgdf cGt/fli6«o p4f/ ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg ;xof]u k'¥ofpg' k5{ . o;
;xof]unfO{ vt/f tyf ;+s6fljd'vtf sd ug]{, Ifdtf clej[l4 ug]{ / k|efjsf/L ?kdf ;x/L
vf]lh tyf p4f/sf nflu cGt/fli6«o ;xof]u h'6fpg] pB]Zon] pknAw u/fpg' k5{ .
cGt/fli6«o ;xof]u tyf p4f/ l56f] / 5l/tf] ?kdf k|efljt If]qdf k'Ug] k|fjwfgx?
/fli6«o tyf :yflgo txdf ;'lglZrttf ug]{ / To;nfO{ Iflt tyf vt/f sd ug{sf
nflu ;'b[l9s/0f ug]{ .
h_ k|sf]ksf sf/0f ;+qmd0fsflng cj:yfdf /x]sf /fHox?sf] lbuf] ef}lts k'jf{wf/,
;fdflhs tyf cfly{s ;'wf/ / eljiodf cfO{kg]{ vt/f sd ug{nfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpgsf
nflu cGt/fli6«o ;+oGq ;'b[l9s/0f ug]{ . o;df k|sf]k uO{;s]kl5sf] cj:yfdf
;DalGwt /fi6«x?df vt/f Go'lgs/0f ultljlwx?nfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpgsf nflu lj1x?
tyf ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+l3o ;+u7g4f/f p4f/, k'g:{yfkg k|s[of / /fd|f cEof;x?sf]
cfbfg k|bfg, 1fg tyf k|fljlws ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg' k5{ .
em_ cGt/–;f+u7lgs /0fgLlts pB]Zo / k|sf]khGo vt/f Joj:yfkg– Iflt
Go'lgs/0f, k'j{tof/L, ;Daf]wg tyf p4f/df cfwfl/t k|sf]k Joj:yfkg tflnd
sfo{qmdnfO{ lng' k5{ / / o;nfO{ ;'b[l9s/0f ug'{ k5{ .
ª_ k|sf]k Go'lgs/0fsf nflu cGt/fli6«o /0fgLltx?
##= k|sf]k Go'lgs/0fsf nflu cGt/fli6«o /0fgLltsf ;fem]bf/x?, ljz]iful/, k|sf]k
Go'lgs/0f ;DalGw …O{G6/ Ph]lG; 6f:s kmf];{Ú / o;sf ;b:ox? / ;DalGwt

36. /fli6«o, If]lqo, cGt/fli6«o tyf ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+l3o lgsfo / k|sf]k Go'lgs/0fsf
nflu …O{G6/ Ph]lG; ;]qm]6ofl/o6Úsf] tTjfjwfgdf, sfo{ ;+/rgf lgDg k|sf/n]
sfof{Gjogsf nflu cg'/f]w ul/G5, tfTsflng k|0ffln tyf ;+:yfut k|s[ofsf ljifosf]
lg0f{o cg'udg k|s[of k'/f ug] {.
s_ o; sfo{ ;+/rgf cg'udgsf nflu e'ldsfsf] dfWod / ;xof]uL cleofg ljsf; ug]{ /
o;df …6f:s kmf];{Úsf JolQmut ;b:ox? / cGo cGt/fli6«o ;fem]bf/ ;+:yfnfO{
;xeflu u/fpg] .
v_ k|efjsf/L tyf Plss[t sfo{sf nflu ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+l3o lgsfo cGtu{tsf ;
+:yfx? / cGo ;DalGwt cGt/fli6«o / If]lqo O{sfO{aLr logsf cfkmg} lgb]{zg
cg';f/ ;+of]hgsf] ;xlhs/0f ug]{, sfo{ ;+/rgf sfof{Gjogsf nflu ;xof]u k'¥ofpg],
sfof{Gjog kIfsf sdLx? Klxrfg ug]{, / ;DalGwt /fli6«o, If]lqo tyf cGt/fli6«o
ljz]if1x?af6 k|To]s k|fyldstf If]qsf nflu lgb]{zs tyf gLlt tof/ ug{ d'Nof+sg k|
sofsf] ;xlhs/0f ug]{ .
u_ k|To]s /fi6«sf] pknAw ;|f]tnfO{ Wofgdf /flv ;fw/0f, e/kbf]{ / dfkg ug{
;lsg] ;'rf+s ljsf;sf nflu ;DalGwt ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+l3o lgsfo tyf ;+u7gx?, If]lqo
tyf ax' klIfo ;+:yfx? , k|fljlws tyf j}1flgs ;+:yfx?sf ;fy} O{R5f hgfpg] /fHox?
tyf gful/s ;dfh;“u ;Nnfx lng] . oL ;'rsf+sx?n] /fHox?nfO{ sfo{ ;+/rgf
sfof{Gjogdf pgLx?sf] k|ult d'Nof+sgsf nflu ;3fp k'¥ofp“5 . oL ;'rf+sx?
nfO{ cGt/fli6«o :t/df dfGo ljsf;sf pB]Zo jf nIfx?;“u ldNg] x'g' k5{, h:t}M
h'g nIfx? ;x;|flJb 3f]if0ffdf pNn]v 5g .

37. ha of] klxnf] r/0f k'/f x'G5, /fHox?nfO{ tL ;'rf+sx? /fli6«o:t/df ljsf; ug{ tyf
To;nfO{ kl/l:ylt cg's'n agfpgsf nflu /fHox?n] cfkmg} k|sf]khGo vt/f
Go'lgs/0f k|fyldstfsf cfwf/x?df cfTd;ft ug'{ k5{ .
3_ k|sf]k Go'lgs/0fsf nflu /fli6«o d~rx?nfO{ ;xof]usf] ;'lglZrttf ug]{, pgLx?
sf] e'ldsf / To;n] a9fpg] dxTjsf ;fy} If]lqo ;+of]hgsf nflu, k|sf]k Go'lgs/0fsf
nflu ;+of]lht If]lqo ;]jfx?af6 sfo{ ;+/rgfn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf ljljw hgjsfnt tyf
gLltut cfjZostf / k|fyldstfnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .
ª_ lbuf] ljsf; ;DalGw cfof]usf] ;lrjfno;“u ;+of]hg ul/ sfo{ ;+/rgf sfof{Gjogdf
of]ubfg k'¥ofpg] ;DalGwt ;fem]bf/L ;+:yf o;sf] lbuf] ljsf; ;fem]bf/L …
8f6fa];Údf btf{ x'Gf] 5 eGg] ;'lglZrttf ug]{ .
r_ k|sf]khGo vt/f Go'lgs/0fnfO{ o;s} Ifdtfdf cGt/fli6«o :t/sf] ;'rgf ;Dk|]if0f
u[x agfpgsf nflu pNn]Vo cEof;x?, l;sfO{x?, pknAw k|ljlw tyf sfo{qmdx?
sf] cfbfg k|bfg, ;+sng, ljZ]if0f, ;+If]lks/0f / ;Dk|]if0f ug{sf nflu k|]l/t
ug'{ k5{ . /fHon] If]lqo tyf cGt/fli6«o ;fem]bf/L ;+:yf dfkm{t sfof{Gjog
u/]sf sfo{qmd tyf cleofgx?sf] cg'udgsf nflu k|sf]k Go'lgs/0f ;DalGw
ljZj ;'rgf d~rsf ;fy} …j]aÚdf btf{ ul/Psf] …kf]6{kmf]lnof]Ú Joj:yfkg ug]{ .
5_ sfo{ ;+/rgfsf pB]Zo tyf k|fyldstf cg'?k xfl;n x'“b} uPsf k|ultsf] cfjlws
d'Nof+sg tof/ ug]{, k|s[of leqsf] kl/k|]Ifdf ;fw/0f ;efn] lgwf{/0f u/] cg';f/ ;
+o'Qm /fi6« ;+l3o ;Dd]ngx?sf] Plss[t tyf ;+of]lht cg'udg tyf sfof{Gjog, k|
ltj]bg tyf ;+If]lks/0f, cg'/f]w ul/Pdf jf cfjZos ePdf – ;ef tyf cGo /fi6«;+l3o
lgsfox?nfO{ pknAw u/fpg] . /fli6«o d~r, If]lqo, cGt/fli6«o ;+u7gx? Tfyf

38. cGo kIfx?sf ;fy} k'j{ ;'rgf ;DalGw bf];|f] cGt/fli6«o ;Dd]ngsf k|:tfjx?
sfof{Gjogsf nflu cg'udg ug]{ .
r_ ;|f]t kl/rfng
#$= cfkmgf] cfly{s Ifdtf leq /x]/, /fHox?n]– If]lqo tyf cGt/fli6«o ;+:yfx?,
pko'Qm ax'klIfo, If]lqo / l4klIfo ;+of]hg ;+oGq lgdf{0f ul/ o; sfo{ ;+/rgf
sfof{Gjog ug{ lgDg sfo{sf nflu cfjZos ;|f]tsf] kl/rfng ug'{ k5{ M
s_ ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+l3o k|0ffnL ;DalGwt /fli6«o, If]lqo tyf cGt/fli6«o
lgsfosf] pko'Qm ;|f]t tyf IfdtfnfO{ lj:tf/ ug]{ .
v_ k|sf]ksf] hf]lvddf /x]sf ljsf;f]Gd'v /fi6«x?df sfo{ ;+/rgf sfof{Gjogsf nflu
l4 tyf ax'–klIfo ;+oGqsf] dfWodaf6 cfly{s / k|fljlws ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg],
lbuf] /sd ;DalGw ;Daf]wg, kf/:kl/s ;xdltdf k|fljlw x:tfGt/0f, lglh– ;fj{hlgs
;fem]bf/L tyf k'j{–klZrd blIf0f–blIf0f ;xof]u sfof{Gjog ug]{ .
u_ ax' tyf l4–klIfo ljsf; ;xof]usf ;fy} ul/lj Go'lgs/0f, k|fs[lts ;|f]t Joj:yfkg, ;x/
L ljsf; / df};d kl/jt{g;“u ;DalGwt sfo{qmddf k|sf]khGo vt/f Go'lgs/0f
ljlwnfO{ d'nwf/df Nofpg] .
3_ ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+l3o k|sf]k Go'lgs/0f sf]ifnfO{:jo+;]jL ?kdf oy]i7 cfly{s
of]ubfg pknAw u/fpg], o; sfo{ ;+/rgfsf] cg'udg ultljlwsf nflu oy]i7 ;xof]usf]
;'lglZrttf ug]{ . clxn] cj:yfdf ePsf] k|of]u / o;sf] lj:tf/sf] ;DefJotf d'Nof+sg

39. ug]{ ty k|sf]ksf] vt/fdf /x]sf ljsf;f]Gd'v /fi6«x?sf] k|sf]khGo vt/f Go'lgs/0fsf
nflu /fli6«o /0fgLlt agfpg ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .
ª_ hf]lvd 36fpg nfu' ul/g] of]hgfsf] ;fem]bfl/tf ljsf; ug]{, ljdfsf] km}nfj6nfO{
lj:tf/ ug]{ , k|sf]k kl5sf] k'glg{df0f / tyf k'g:yf{kgsf nflu lglh tyf ;fj{hlgs
;fem]bf/L ug]{ . ljsf;f]Gd'v /fi6«df ljdfsf] ;+:s[lt ljsf; ug]{ jftfj/0fnfO{ k|j4{g
ug]{ .
cg'R5]b
k|sf]k Go'lgs/0f ;DalGwt s]xL jx'klIfo ljsf;x?
o; k|ltj]bg;“u ;DalGwt ax' klIfo ;+/rgf / 3f]if0ffx? lgDg 5g M
– ;fgf 6fk'af6 ag]sf ljsf;f]Gd'v /fHox?sf] lbuf] ljsf;sf nflu sfo{qmdsf]
sfof{Gjog d'Nof+sgsf] cGt/fli6«o a}7s ;g @))%sf] hgjl/df dl/;;df
ePsf] lyof], h;n] ;fgf 6fk'af6 ag]sf ljsf;f]Gd'v /fHox?sf] k|

40. sf]kaf6 ;'wf/ kfpg l;ldt Ifdtf ePsfn] ;+s6fljd'vtf Go'lgs/0f ug{ k|
ltj4tfsf] dfu u/]sf] 5 .
– Dffgljo sfo{sf nflu ?k /]vfnfO{ O{G6/g];gn sGkm/]G; ckm b /]8qm;
/]8lqm;]G6n] ;g @))#sf] l8;]Dj/df canDag u/]sf] lyof] h;sf]
pB]Zodf … k|sf]khGo vt/f / c;/ Go'g ug]{ / k'j{tof/L tyf
;Daf]wgdf ;'wf/ Nofpg]Ú .
– ;g @))@df hf]xfg;ju{df ;DkGg lbuf] ljsf; ;DalGw ljZj ;Dd]ng of]hgf
sfof{Gjogsf] #&cf}+ kl/R5]bdf o; sfo{sf nflu cg'/f]w ul/Psf] 5 …Ps
Plss[t, ;+s6fljd'vtfnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]{ ;dfj]lz cjwf/0ff, ax'–klIfo hf]lvd,
vt/f, dNof+sg / k|sf]k Joj:yfkg, ;fy} /f]syfd, Iflt Go'g, k'j{ tof/L, p4f/
@!cf}+ ztflJbsf] ;'/lIft ljZjsf cfjZos tTj x'gÚ, h;n] k|sf]k Go'lgs/0f
;DalGw cGt/fli6«o /0fgLltsf] klxnf] sfo{ nfu' ug{ ;xof]u u/sf] 5 . …+
+;+s6fljd'vtf, vt/f Go'lgs/0f, / k|sf]k Joj:yfkgÚsf] lgZsif{nfO{ lbuf]
ljsf; ;DalGw cfof]u @)!$–@)!%sf] ax' jlif{o sfo{qmddf hf]l8Psf] 5 .
– ;g @))) ;]K6]Da/sf] ;x;|flJb 3f]if0ffn] …;+s6fljd'vtfdf
/x]sfnfO{ ;'/lIft ug]{Ú / …xfd|f] ;femf jftfj/0fsf] ;'/IffÚsf] k|d'v
pB]ZonfO{ klxrfg u/]sf] 5 h;n] …k|fs[lts tyf dfgj l;lh{t k|sf]ksf] ;+Vof
tyf c;/ Go'g ug{sf nflu cfjZos ;xof]u kl/rfng ug]{Ú .
– cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs kl/ifb / ;fw/0f ;efn] cGt/–lgsfo ;+/rgf / ;+oGq
-OG6/ Ph]lG; 6f:s kmf];{ cg l8hf:6/ l/8S;g PG8 Pg O{G6/
Ph]lG; ;]qm]6]l/P6_4f/f k|sf]k Go'lgs/0f ;DalGw cGt/fli6«o /

41. 0fgLlt ;g @)))df ;'?jft ul/Psf] xf] . o;sf] pB]Zo ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+l3o
lgsfosf] k|d'v s]Gb| eO{ sfo{ ug]{ / o;sf] lgb]{zg cg';f/ hgr]tgf / k|
ltj4tf k|j4{g ug]{, ;+hfn tyf ;fem]bf/Ltf lj:tf/ ug]{, k|sf]ksf] sf/0f af/]
1fg ;'wf/ ug]{ / vt/f Go'g ug{ j}slNks pkfo vf]Hg], of]sf]xfdf /0fgLlt /
sfo{ of]hgfsf] lgdf{0f tyf k|fs[lts k|sf]k Go'lgs/0f ;DalGw cGt/fli6«o
bzssf] cg'udg ug]{ .
– ;g @))@df hf]xfg;ju{df ;DkGg lbuf] ljsf; ;DalGw ljZj ;Dd]ng of]hgf
sfof{Gjogsf] df};d kl/jt{g ;DalGw cGt/ ;/sf/ :tl/o Kofgnn] cfu|x u/]sf]
5 …df};d kl/jt{gsf c;/x?sf] d'Nof+sgsf nflu k|ljlw tyf ljlwsf] ;'wf/ ug]{
/ lt u+le/ c;/x?sf] lg/Gt/ d'Nof+sgsf nflu k|f]T;fxg ug]{=======Ú .
To;}u/L, ;fw/0f ;efn] df};d kl/jt{g ;DalGw ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+l3o
dxf;GwL tyf Sof]6f] k|f]6f]snsf ;b:o /fi6«x?nfO{ df};d kl/jt{gn] kfg]
{ u+le/ c;/x?af/] lg/Gt/ ?kdf ;Daf]wg ug{ k|]l/t u/]sf] 5 . ;+o'Qm
/fi6« dxf;+l3o dxf;efn] df};d kl/jt{g ;DalGw cGt/ ;/sf/ :tl/o
KofgnnfO{ df};d kl/jt{gn] kfg]{ u+le/ ;fdflhs– cfly{s tyf ljsf;f]Gd'v
/fi6«sf] k|fs[lts k|sf]k Go'lgs/0f k|0ffnLdf kfg]{ u+le/ c;/x?af/]
d'Nof+sg ug{ k|]l/t u/sf] 5 .
– k|sf]k Joj:yfkg tyf p4f/ sfo{sf nflu b'/;~rf/ ;|f]t pkof]u !((* ;DalGw
6ofDk/ ;dd]ng ;g @))%sf] hgj/L * b]lv nfu' eof] .
– ;'/lIft ljZjsf nflu of]sf]xfdf /0fgLlt M Kf|fs[lts k|sf]k Joj:yfkg, k'j{tof/L
tyf Iflt Go'lgs/0f / o;sf] sfo{ of]hgf lgb]{zgx? ;g !(($df ;DkGg k|
fs[lts k|sf]k Go'lgs/0f ;DalGw ljZj ;Dd]ngaf6 canDag ul/psf] xf] .
d/e'ld lj?4sf] ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+l3o ;Dd]ng ljz]if ul/ clk|mls d'n'ssf]

42. u+le/ v8]/L / d?e'lds/0f, h+un km8fgLnfO{ lnP/ ;g !(($df :jLsfl/P
klg ;g !((^b]lv o;nfO{ canDag ul/of] . To;}u/L h}ljs ljljwtf ;DalGw ;
+o'Qm /fi6« ;+l3o cle;GwL ;g !((@df l:jsfl/P klg ;g !((#df
o;nfO{ cjnDjg ul/of] .
– ;g !((!df dxf;efn] hl6n cfktsflng k|fs[lts k|sf]k b'j}sf nflu ;+o'Qm
/fi6« ;+3sf] cfktsflng tyf dfgljo ;xof]u ;+of]hg ;'b[l9s/0fsf nflu
cg'/f]w u¥of] . o;n] k|fs[lts k|sf]k Go'lgs/0fsf nflu cGt/fli6«o bzssf]
cGt/fli6«o ;+/rgf -!(*(_ sfo{sf] :d/0f u/fof] / dfgljo p4f/, k'j{tof/L,
/f]syfd / pp4f/ b]v k'g:yf{kg / ljsf;Ddsf] lgb]{zs l;4fGtx? kfl/t u¥of] .