- Hemopoiesis is the process where mature blood cells are continuously replaced by stem cell progeny produced in hemopoietic organs like the bone marrow.
- In early embryogenesis and during fetal development, hemopoiesis occurs first in the yolk sac, then the liver, and later primarily in the bone marrow.
- After birth, the major types of blood cells are derived from stem cells located in the bone marrow, which is the primary site of hemopoiesis through childhood and adulthood.
Morphological abnormality of white blood cellNAZAR ABU-DULLA
This presentation describe the normal WBC normal and abnormal shape.
it can also describe the maturation of different WBC and reactivity of the WBC different infection
Hematopoiesis: Formation of Blood Cells - An OverviewStudyFriend
Hematopoiesis or haemopoiesis is a process of formation of blood cellular components, i.e. formation, development, and differentiation of blood cells, which are derived from haematopoietic stem cells (HSC).
Morphological abnormality of white blood cellNAZAR ABU-DULLA
This presentation describe the normal WBC normal and abnormal shape.
it can also describe the maturation of different WBC and reactivity of the WBC different infection
Hematopoiesis: Formation of Blood Cells - An OverviewStudyFriend
Hematopoiesis or haemopoiesis is a process of formation of blood cellular components, i.e. formation, development, and differentiation of blood cells, which are derived from haematopoietic stem cells (HSC).
Quick notes on Hematopoiesis and brief into about the types of cells are forming during the process.
For UG and PG students.
Different colors, themes and video is used to make it more interesting and easy to go through the contents.
An absolute eosinophil count is a blood test that measures the number of one type of white blood cells called eosinophils.
Eosinophils become active when you have certain allergic diseases, infections, and other medical conditions.
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Blood is a body fluid in humans and other animals that delivers necessary substances such as nutrients and oxygen to the cells and transports metabolic waste products away from those same cells. In vertebrates, it is composed of blood cells suspended in blood plasma.
Quick notes on Hematopoiesis and brief into about the types of cells are forming during the process.
For UG and PG students.
Different colors, themes and video is used to make it more interesting and easy to go through the contents.
An absolute eosinophil count is a blood test that measures the number of one type of white blood cells called eosinophils.
Eosinophils become active when you have certain allergic diseases, infections, and other medical conditions.
For More Medicine Free PPT - http://playnever.blogspot.com/
For Health benefits and medicine videos Subscribe youtube channel - https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLKg-H-sMh9G01zEg4YpndngXODW2bq92w
Blood is a body fluid in humans and other animals that delivers necessary substances such as nutrients and oxygen to the cells and transports metabolic waste products away from those same cells. In vertebrates, it is composed of blood cells suspended in blood plasma.
Hematopoiesis is the process of blood cells being differentiated from hematopoietic stem cells. This process must be repeated on a regular basis in order to keep the body's circulating blood cell numbers stable. Blood cells are divided into three main linages:
Reticulocytes and erythrocytes make up the Erythroid Lineage (red blood cells).
Lymphocytes (B and T cells) and natural killer cells make up the lymphoid lineage.
Macrophages, dendritic cells, granulocytes, and megakaryocytes are all members of the myeloid lineage.
## Site Of Hematopoiesis
Yolk sac
Liver and spleen
Bone marrow
Gradual replacement of active (red) marrow by tissue inactive (fatty)
Expansion can occur during increased need for cell production
Update on Neoplasm of Nervous system in Livestock and their DignosiRahul Kadam
World Health Organization classification of nervous system tumor is based on origin of cell. Most primary tumors of neuroepithelial origin from malignant transformation of astrocytes, ependymocytes, and oligodendrocytes in this Gliomas are most common. some are from Arise from astrocytes . some tumor are Metastases more likely than primary CNS tumor in patient with known systemic malignant disease. there are different verities explain in this seminar
Hematopoietic stem cells within the bone marrow produce to 2 main forms of cells: myeloid and liquid body substance lineages. These embrace monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, erythrocytes, nerve fiber cells, and megakaryocytes or platelets, similarly as T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells. The different forms of hemopoietic stem cells vary in their regenerative capability and efficiency. Some are strong, oligopotent or unipotent as determined by what percentage forms of cell they will produce. Pluripotent hemopoietic stem cells have the subsequent properties: Renewal: they will reproduce another cell the image of themselves. Differentiation: they will generate one or a lot of subsets of a lot of mature cells. The process of development of various blood cells from these pluripotent stem cells is thought as sanguification.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
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2. Introduction
• Mature blood cells have a relatively short life span and must be
continuously replaced with stem cell progeny produced in the
hemopoietic (Gr. haima, blood, + poiesis, a making) organs. In the
earliest phase of human embryogenesis, blood cells arise from the yolk sac
mesoderm. In the second trimester, hemopoiesis (also called
hematopoiesis) occurs primarily in the developing liver, with the spleen also
playing a role. Skeletal elements begin to ossify and bone marrow develops
in their medullary cavities, so that, in the third trimester, bone marrow
increasingly becomes the major hemopoietic organ.
• After birth and on into childhood, erythrocytes, granulocytes, monocytes,
and platelets are derived from stem cells located in bone marrow. The
origin and maturation of these cells are termed, respectively,
erythropoiesis (Gr. erythros, red, + poiesis), granulopoiesis,
monocytopoiesis, and thrombocytopoiesis. Development of the
major types of lymphocytes by lymphopoiesis occurs in the marrow and
in the lymphoid organs to which precursor cells migrate, as discussed in
Chapter 14.
• Before reaching maturity and being released into the circulation, blood cells
go through specific stages of differentiation and maturation. Because these
processes are continuous, cells with characteristics that lie between the
various stages are frequently encountered in smears of blood or bone
marrow.
6. Red bone marrow (active in
hemopoiesis) Red bone marrow contains adipocytes but
is also active in hemopoiesis, with several
cell lineages usually present. It can be
examined histologically in sections of
bones or in biopsies, but its cells can also
be studied in smears. Marrow consists of
capillary sinusoids running through a
stroma of specialized, fibroblastic
reticular cells and an ECM meshwork.
Reticular cells secrete various colony-
stimulating factors and the stroma forms
the microenvironment for hemopoietic
stem cell maintenance, proliferation, and
differentiation. This section of red bone
marrow shows some of its components.
Sinusoid capillaries (S) containing
erythrocytes are surrounded by stroma
containing adipocytes (A) and islands or
cords (C) of hemopoietic cells. Sinusoidal
endothelial cells (one nucleus at E) are
very thin. Most reticular cells and cells of
the hemopoietic lineages are difficult to
identify with certainty in routinely stained
sections of marrow.
9. Erythropoiesis: Major erythrocyte
precursors
(a): Micrographs showing a very large and scarce proerythro-blast (P), a slightly
smaller basophilic erythroblast (B) with very basophilic cytoplasm, typical and late
polychromatophilic erythroblasts (Pe and LPe) with both basophilic and
acidophilic cytoplasmic regions, and a small orthochromatophilic erythroblast (Oe)
with cytoplasm nearly like that of the mature erythrocytes in the field.
10. Micrograph containing
reticulocytes (arrows) that have
not yet completely lost the
polyribosomes used to
synthesize globin, as
demonstrated by a stain for
RNA. X1400. Brilliant cresyl
blue.
12. Developing erythrocytes and
granulocytes in marrow.
Precursor cells of different
hemopoietic lineages develop
side by side with some
intermingling as various cell
islands or cords in the bone
marrow. Plastic section of red
bone marrow showing mitotic
figures (arrows), a plasma cell
(arrowhead), and fairly distinct
regions of erythropoiesis and
granulopoiesis. Most immature
granulocytes are in the
myelocyte stage: their
cytoplasm contains large, dark-
stained azurophilic granules and
small, less darkly stained
specific granules. X400. Giemsa.
13. Granulopoiesis: Major granulocyte
precursors.
Two micrographs from smears of bone marrow showing
the major cells of the neutrophilic granulocyte lineage.
Typical precursor cells shown are labeled as follows:
myeloblast (MB); promyelocyte (1); myelocytes (2); late
myelocyte (3); metamyelocytes (4); stab or band cells
(5); nearly mature segmented neutrophil (6). Some of
the early stages show faint nucleoli (N). Inset:
Eosinophilic myelocytes (EM) and metamytelocytes
(EMm) with their specific granules having distinctly
different staining. These and cells of the basophilic
lineage are similar to developing neutrophils, except for
their specific staining granules and lack of the stab cell
form. Also seen among the erythrocytes of these
marrow smears are some orthochromatophilic
erythroblasts (Oe), a small lymphocyte (L), and a cell in
mitosis (arrow). All X1400. Wright.
14. Neutrophilic myelocyte
At the myelocyte stage lysosomes
(azurophilic granules) have formed and
production of specific secretory granules is
underway. This micrograph shows
ultrastructurally a peroxidase-stained
section of a neutrophilic myelocyte with
cytoplasm containing both large,
peroxidase-positive azurophilic granules
(AG) and smaller specific granules (SG),
which do not stain for peroxidase. The
peroxidase reaction product is present only
in mature azurophilic granules and is not
seen in the rough ER (RER) or Golgi
cisternae (GC), which are located around
the centriole (C) near the nucleus (N).
17. Megakaryoblasts undergo endomitosis
(DNA replication without intervening cell
divisions), becoming polyploid as they
differentiate into megakaryocytes (M).
These cells are even larger, but with
cytoplasm that is less intensely basophilic.
X1400. Wright.
18. Micrograph section of bone marrow
megakaryocyte (M) shown near sinusoids
(S). X400. Giemsa. Megakaryocytes
produce all the characteristic components
of platelets (membrane vesicles, specific
granules, marginal microtubule bundles,
etc) and in a complex process extend many
long, branching pseudopodia-like
projections called proplatelets, from the
ends of which platelets are pinched off
almost fully formed.
19. Megakaryocyte ultrastructure
TEM analysis of a megakaryocyte during platelet
formation showing a lobulated nucleus (N),
numerous cytoplasmic granules (G), and an
extensive system of demarcation membranes (D)
through the cytoplasm. Once believed to be
perforations along which platelets were shed from
the cells, this membrane system is now considered
a reservoir of membrane used during elongation of
the numerous proplatelets which extend from the
megakaryocyte surface. X10,000.