the properties, production, application, effects on animals and plants

1. NAME MATRIC NO.
AZLINI BINTI RAZALI 169980
KHAIRAIN MARSELA BINTI IDRUS 169102
NUR SYAFIQAH BT. CHE OMAR 170173
MADIHAH ALI 170286

2. Heavy water is water that contains heavy
hydrogen or deuterium. Deuterium differs from
the hydrogen usually found in water, protium, in
that each atom of deuterium contains a proton
and a neutron
Heavy water may be deuterium oxide,
D2O or it may be deuterium protium
oxide, DHO.
Ordinary water

3. Heavy water is 10.6% denser than ordinary water
It melts at 3.7 °C, and thus endures very
well in ice-cold normal water
D2O becomes concentrated in the liquid residue
because it is less volatile than H2O

4. Azlini bt
razali
169980

5. • Heavy water occurs naturally, although it is
much less common than regular water.
• Approximately one water molecule per twenty
million water molecules are heavy water.

6. • Possible methods for producing heavy water on
an industrial scale:
• 1) water- hydrogen sulphide exchange process
(GS process)
• 2) ammonia- hydrogen exchange process.

7. • The Girdler sulfide (GS) process, also known as
the Geib–Spevack (GS) process, is a method for
filtering out of natural water the heavy
water(deuterium oxide = D2O) in nuclear reactors
(as a coolant and moderator)

8. • Consists of two sieve tray columns.
• One column is maintained at 30 °C and is called
the cold tower and the other at 130 °C and is called
the hot tower.
• The enrichment process is based on the difference
in separation between 30 °C and 130 °C.
• Water flows down the towers while the hydrogen
sulphide gas circulates from the bottom to the top
of the towers.
• The product of the last stage, water enriched up to
30% in deuterium, is sent to a distillation unit to
produce reactor grade heavy water (ex: 99.75%
deuterium oxide)

10. • have adverse health effects and mice
given 80% heavy water died within days.
• replacing hydrogen with its heavier
isotope deuterium slows down the rate of any
chemical reaction.
• The major reason for the difference in the rates
of the chemical reactions involving the two
isotopes of hydrogen is the difference in their
masses.

11. • bean plants grown from seed given increasing
fractions of heavy water showed stunted
growth compared with control plants given
normal water.
• chemical reactions of heavy water are slower
than those of ordinary water.

12. • tracer in clinical nutrition
• determining normal parameters of human physiology,
among infants, pregnant and lactating mothers
• enhance the thermostability of certain vaccines
• improved intensity and better transmission characteristics of
deuterated PMMA (Poly methyl meta acrylate)
• Drug development and therapy

13. Dr. P. S. Chauhan (2015). Heavy Water: Alternative applications in biology,
medicine and industry. India: Department of Atomic Energy.
Per F Dahl (1999). Heavy Water and the Wartime Race for Nuclear Energy.
Britain : IOP Publishing LTD