The document discusses the critical role of heat in metal cutting, emphasizing that a significant portion of mechanical energy is converted into thermal energy, impacting tool wear, life, and the integrity of the workpiece. It outlines heat generation sources, temperature effects on tools, and strategies for temperature control, including the use of cutting fluids. Types and properties of cutting fluids are also described as they play a vital role in cooling, lubrication, and improving surface finish.

1. By
Amit Sonchhatra (11BM081)
Athar Kothawala (11BM082)
Karan C. Prajapati (11BM083)
Yudhishthir Ramnani (11BM084)
Samiraj Anupam (11BM085)
1
Heat in Metal Cutting
School of Technology
Knowledge Corridor, Raisan, Gandhinagar-
382007,Gujarat

2. Introduction
2
 90 to 100 % of Mechanical Energy is converted
into Thermal Energy.
 Hence, Temperature is of major concern.
 The mechanical process and the thermal dynamic
process are tightly coupled together.
 Cutting temperatures strongly influence tool wear,
tool life, workpiece surface integrity, chip
formation mechanism and contribute to the
thermal deformation of the cutting tool.

3. Heat Dissipation in metal cutting
3

4. Measurement of Temperature
4

5. 5

6. Or workpiece against the flank surface of
the tool
3 Sources of Heat Generation
6

7. 7
1. Primary Source: Plastic Deformation in shear plane
and viscous dissipation (Primary Zone)

8. 8

9. chip on the rake surface of tool. (Secondary
Zone)
9

10. Heat Generated in Tertiary Zone
10

11. Effect of Cutting Speed on
Temperature Distribution
11

12. Temperature Distribution in Metal
Cutting
12

13. Contd.
13

14. High Temperature Effect on Tool
14
 Reduces strength of the tool and formation of
create wear.
 Shortens tool life
 Causes thermal distortion
 Causes dimensional change in work piece
 Temperature on metal cutting and cutting fluids,
making of control dimensional accuracy difficult

15. Temperature Control in Metal Cutting
15
 Application of Cutting Fluid (coolant).
 Changing the cutting condition by reduction of
cutting speed and/or feed.
 Selection of proper cutting Geometry.

16. Cutting Fluid
Properties Functions
16
 High thermal
conductivity and
specific heat.
 Odorless
 Non-Corrosive to
work and machine.
 Non-toxic to operating
worker.
 Low Viscosity
 Lubrication
 Reduction of cutting
force and energy.
 Cooling
 Improve surface finish

17. Types of Cutting Fluid
17
Cutting
Fluids
Oil based
Chlorinated
oil
Mineral oil Fatty Oils Soluble oil
Sulphurised
oil
Water
based

18. Effect of Cutting Fluid
18

19. Contd.
19

20. Factors
20
Cutting
conditions
Material
Cost of
cutting fluid
• V
• F
• d
• Cutting tool
• Work Material

21. Factors based on application
21

22. Application
22

23. Effect of Cutting Fluid in tool life
23

24. Effect of cutting fluid in cutting speed
24

25. To find value of Pp and Ps,
Merchant Circle Force Analysis is
done which is done in subsequent
slides
25

26. Assumptions of Merchant Circle
Force Analysis
26

27. Diagram of Merchant Circle
27

28. 28
It is Fs
Here F=Frictional
Force=Ff

29. 29

30. 30

31. 31
• Pp= Fs*Vs
Where Fs=Force in shear plane and
Vs=Shear velocity
• Ps=Ff*Vc
Where Ff=Frictional Force=Ff and
Vc=Chip Velocity

32. Reference
32
 http://www.mfg.mtu.edu/marc/primers/heat/heat.h
tml
 http://me.emu.edu.tr/me364/ME364_cutting_temp
eratures.pdf
 http://nathbeke.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/l4-
temprature-and-cooling.pdf
 Investigation of heat partition in high speed
turning of high strength alloy steel
 Production Technology by Hindustan Machine
Tool
 Metal Cutting and Machine Tools by P N Rao

33. Thank
You
33