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CNC
Mechanical Element of
CNC Machine.
•Machine structure
•Guideways
•Ball screw
•Transmission elements -Couplings/Pulley
•Power chuck
•Auto Tool changer
•Auto pallet changer
Different Mechanical Elements
•Load carrying and
supporting member of
the machine
•Subjected to static
and dynamic loads
•Structure should not
deform or vibrate
under the loads beyond
limits
Machine Structure
5/24/2014 4
Machine structure
Safty and precaution
Flow arrangment
Impotanse of levelling
How lift the machine
Guideways are used to
• Control the direction of carriage or the table on
which a workpiece/tool is held
• To absorb all static and dynamic forces
Guide Way
Guideway Ball
screw
Table /
Carriage
Guide Way
CNC machines use antifriction guideways to
• Reducing friction
• Improve smoothness of movement
• Reduce amount of wear
• Reduce heat generation
Rolling elements are used between moving and
stationery elements of machine
Ex:Linear recirculating LM guides
Guide Way
Anti friction Guide Way-
LM bearings
Components which are in the force and motion
transmission paths from drive motor to the slide
• Elements to convert rotary to linear motion
Ball screw ,Rack and pinion
• Torque transmitting elements
Timing belt pulley ,Gear box, Coupling
Mechanical Transmission System
5/24/2014 10
Ball Screw
Recirculating Ball screws
A ball screw is a mechanical device for translating rotational motion
to linear motion. A threaded shaft provides a spiral raceway for ball
bearings which act as a precision screw. As well as being able to
apply or withstand high thrust loads they can do so with minimum
internal friction. They are made to close tolerances and are therefore
suitable for use in situations in which high precision is necessary. The
ball assembly acts as the nut while the threaded shaft is the screw.
5/24/2014 12
5/24/2014 13
5/24/2014 14
5/24/2014 15
Variable lead thread cuttingFlexible Couplings
These couplings are used when the driver and driven
shaft are coaxial
Flexibility built into the couplings compensate
misalignment errors like radial,angular and axial
Variable lead thread cuttingFlexible Couplings - Contd.
Variable lead thread cuttingTimer Belt and Pulley
Endless toothed belts .Used
when shafts are not coaxial
Advantages:
• Low cost
• Less noise
• No lubrication
• Less maintenance
• Higher efficiency
Set initial tension properly
5/24/2014 19
Electronics

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Mechanical element of a CNC Machine

  • 2. •Machine structure •Guideways •Ball screw •Transmission elements -Couplings/Pulley •Power chuck •Auto Tool changer •Auto pallet changer Different Mechanical Elements
  • 3. •Load carrying and supporting member of the machine •Subjected to static and dynamic loads •Structure should not deform or vibrate under the loads beyond limits Machine Structure
  • 4. 5/24/2014 4 Machine structure Safty and precaution Flow arrangment Impotanse of levelling How lift the machine
  • 5. Guideways are used to • Control the direction of carriage or the table on which a workpiece/tool is held • To absorb all static and dynamic forces Guide Way
  • 7. CNC machines use antifriction guideways to • Reducing friction • Improve smoothness of movement • Reduce amount of wear • Reduce heat generation Rolling elements are used between moving and stationery elements of machine Ex:Linear recirculating LM guides Guide Way
  • 8. Anti friction Guide Way- LM bearings
  • 9. Components which are in the force and motion transmission paths from drive motor to the slide • Elements to convert rotary to linear motion Ball screw ,Rack and pinion • Torque transmitting elements Timing belt pulley ,Gear box, Coupling Mechanical Transmission System
  • 11. Recirculating Ball screws A ball screw is a mechanical device for translating rotational motion to linear motion. A threaded shaft provides a spiral raceway for ball bearings which act as a precision screw. As well as being able to apply or withstand high thrust loads they can do so with minimum internal friction. They are made to close tolerances and are therefore suitable for use in situations in which high precision is necessary. The ball assembly acts as the nut while the threaded shaft is the screw.
  • 16. Variable lead thread cuttingFlexible Couplings These couplings are used when the driver and driven shaft are coaxial Flexibility built into the couplings compensate misalignment errors like radial,angular and axial
  • 17. Variable lead thread cuttingFlexible Couplings - Contd.
  • 18. Variable lead thread cuttingTimer Belt and Pulley Endless toothed belts .Used when shafts are not coaxial Advantages: • Low cost • Less noise • No lubrication • Less maintenance • Higher efficiency Set initial tension properly