Heart attack
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Heart disease is a leading cause of death worldwide. Risk factors for heart attacks include physical factors like family history, obesity, high blood pressure, diabetes, lack of exercise, and high cholesterol. Emotional factors like Type A personality, anger, hostility, depression, and hopelessness can also increase risk. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle through diet, exercise, and managing stress levels can help prevent heart attacks.
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Heart attack
- 1. Heart attack
- 2. New Age Killers Heart attack Depression Road accidents Cerebro vascular diseases Lung diseases Tuberculosis War Diarrhea AIDS Rank ( year 2020) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
- 3. Heart Attack • 91 people die every hour in the world • Urban to rural ratio is 3:1 Indians are more prone Women are also suffering
- 4. Heart Attack In India, 100 million are suffering One in seven Mumbaikars below 35 has cardiac problem
- 14. There is a strong association between blood cholesterol and heart attack
- 16. Blood cholesterol LDL Transport cholesterol from liver to body cells Cell membrane repair Synthesis of steroids and bile salts Excess amounts promote atherosclerosis HDL Lowers LDL cholesterol Removes excess cholesterol from body
- 17. Blood lipid profile Cholesterol: Total 200 (mg / dl) LDL 130 HDL 35 - 75 Triglycerides 150 LDL / HDL = 3
- 18. Heart Attack Risk Factors Physical Family history Overweight High BP Diabetes Lack of exercise High cholesterol Smoking Emotional Type ‘A Anger Hostility Depression Hopeless Pessimism
- 19. TYPE A PERSONALITY Time urgency Impatient Ambitious Hostility Aggressive Competitive
- 20. TYPE A • Anticipate loss of control • Aggressive behavior • Suppress and deny fatigue • Endure high stress levels • Delay in seeking medical help
- 21. TYPE A FEMALE • Perceive less threat or challenge • ‘Economize’ stress response
- 22. Depression
- 23. Anhedonia • Loss of pleasure • Joylessness • Early symptoms of Depression
- 24. Depression Low energy “slow starter” in morning Low B.P. Excess sleep Increased appetite Alcohol intake
- 25. DEPRESSION Disturbed sleep Fatigue Pain Weight loss Loss of appetite
- 26. Depression Life is not worth it I am not worth it
- 27. DEPRESSION •Crying spells •Low self esteem •Guilt
- 29. Depression • Negative cognitions • Negative outlook Self Life Future Focus on ‘past’
- 30. What causes depression? • Competition • Technology • Chronic ailments No time to unwind
- 31. Depression Unaware Underdiagnosed Under treated Social stigma Fear of discrimination
- 32. Childhood depression • Irritability • Aggressive • Aches and pains • Disturbed sleep and appetite • Lethargy • Bed wetting
- 33. Depressed child • Consequences • Drug abuse • Run away • Obesity • Loneliness
- 34. Depressed child • Risk of heart attack in adulthood
- 36. Living in a disadvantaged neighborhood increases the risk
- 37. Neighborhood • Fear of crime • No social support • No medical help • No open space • No recreation
- 38. Decreased risk • Large public spaces • Recreation facilities • Medical facilities • Less noise • No crime • social support • Security
- 39. Heart attack • 60% of heart patients in the world are Indians • Indians are 4 times more susceptible. • They are younger, and poorer than in the West
- 40. Heart attack • Most victims in India are the poorest • Death rates in the West have dropped steeply
- 41. Heart Attack Who suffers? ‘Low’ control over life ‘Low’ in social hierarchy Social gradient plays a role in illness & death
- 42. Who suffers? Those who believed they were treated unfairly
- 44. Angina pectoris • Pain during exertion and relieved by rest Triggered by Physical exertion Cold exposure Heavy meals Intense emotions
- 46. Myocardial infarction • Complete obstruction in coronary artery
- 49. Angioplasty
- 51. Stent
- 54. Coronary Artery disease • Primary prevention Modify risk factors through diet and change in lifestyle
- 55. • Eating habits • Physical activity • Leisure time • Coping with stress • Sleep • Smoking • Alcohol
- 57. Modern lifestyle Irregular diet Lack of sleep Lack of exercise Stress
- 58. Modern lifestyle • Sedentary habits • Working couples • Nuclear families • Eating outside
- 59. HUNTER GATHERERSHUNTER GATHERERS Hunter Gatherers
- 60. Hunter gatherers • No obesity • No malnutrition • No vitamin deficiency • B.P. decreases with age • Blood cholesterol 120 mg% Lowest in the world
- 61. Hunter gatherers Food habits Meat Roots & tubers Mongango nuts Wild honey No salt, sugar and oil
- 62. Present dietary habits Decreased: • Cereals • Pulses • Vegetables/ fruits Increased • Fats • Sugar • Salt • Meat • alcohol
- 63. Irregular diet • Refined food • Fast food • Processed food • Ready to eat foods • Food for all seasons
- 65. Fast foods
- 66. Frozen foods
- 72. Street food
- 73. Heating of cooking oil • Lowers smoking point • Darkening of color Oxidation (free radicals)
- 74. Do not use ‘left-over’ oil
- 75. Do not use : • Sunflower oil • Suffola • Trans fats All oils are ‘zero’ cholesterol • Complications • Decreased immunity • Decreased HDL • Central obesity
- 76. Sesame oil • It lowers blood pressure and cholesterol A study from Fukuoka university , Japan
- 77. How much? 5 tsp/ day
- 79. Trans fats • Long shelf life • Good taste • Increased risk of heart attack • As bad as food spoiled by poor refrigeration
- 80. Trans fats Burgers Cakes biscuits Pastries Puffs/pattice French fries Cheese spreads Jelebies Gulab jamun Laddus Balushahi Nan katai Mysore pak Upma Sheera
- 81. Every American eats 2 Kg. of trans fats in a year
- 82. New York city votes to ban the use of trans fats
- 85. KFC decides not to use trans fats in their outlets in U.S. and Canada
- 90. Read packing labels carefully Trans fats: • Hydrogenated vegetable fats • Partially hydrogenated • Margarine • Vanaspati
- 91. Young people at risk Fast and fried food overweight High cholesterol Low levels of HDL Low intake vegetables fruits whole grains
- 92. Soybean Addition of soybean to the diet may reduce the risk of coronary heart disease (Approved by U.S. FDA)
- 93. Whole wheat flour Intake of whole wheat flour reduces the risk of heart attacks
- 94. Wheat flour Extraction rate Bran 95% Atta 5% 85% Rava 15% 70% Maida 30% Loss on extraction Protein Fiber Minerals Vitamin B
- 96. Breads • Enriched wheat • Partially hydrogenated oil • HFCS A lengthy list of ingredients with no nutritional value • Look for the bread made with whole grains
- 97. White bread from refined wheat grain • White whole wheat bread Whole grain with the taste and texture of white bread
- 98. Brown bread • Brown bread Whole wheat OR White bread colored brown
- 99. Package labels • Look for the words that appear as the first ingredient • Whole wheat bread • Whole wheat flour • Whole wheat spaghetti • Whole wheat macaroni • Whole wheat vermicelli • Whole oatmeal • Popcorn • Not whole grain products Wheat flour 100% wheat Multi grain • Stone ground • Enriched wheat
- 100. Physical exercise • Aerobic • Isometric • Frequency • Intensity • Duration
- 101. Yoga Ahar (Diet ) Vihar (Recreation) Achar (Daily routine) Vichar (Value system)
- 102. Diet in heart disease Decrease Saturated fats Cholesterol Red meat Alcohol (moderate intake) Increase Whole grain cereals Complex carbohydrates Garlic (10 g/day) Onion ( 100 g/day) Fish Soybean
- 103. Eat more omega -3 • Mustard oil • Fish • Fruits • Green leaf vegetable • Rajma • Pure ghee • soybean
- 104. Healthcare Patient Active participant Not a passive recipient Doctor friend, philosopher & guide Whose health is it anyway
- 105. Pharmacist as a counselor
- 108. Neighborhood • Fear of crime • Insecurity • Lack of social support • Lack of medical help • Noise • Lack of open spaces • No recreation
- 109. Heart attack Living in a disadvantaged neighborhood increases the risk
- 111. Alcohol Different perceptions: • Religious • Economic • Ethical • Medical
- 112. Alcohol • Social drinking • Habituation • Addiction
- 113. Alcohol Benefits • Increased life span • Protects from heart attack Dose 30 ml daily Risks • Rise in B.P. • Depression • Malnutrition • Accidents
- 118. Avoid ‘Eating out’
- 119. Health promotion • Clean water • Environment • Overcrowding • Noise • Diet • Exercise • Coping with stress • Smoking cessation • Moderate alcohol intake
- 120. Eat this than that • Ice cream (vanilla) • Rasgulla • Bhel / misal • Roti / phulka • Kulfi • Gulab jamun • Farsan / samosa • Puri / paratha
- 121. Eat this than that • Plain rice • Boiled egg • Idli • Paneer • Fresh butter • Jeera rice • Omlet • Medu wada • Cheese • Amul butter
- 122. Stop ‘Eating out’
- 128. Angioplasty
- 129. Coronary angioplasty
- 134. Depression • Loneliness • Suddenly indifferent • suicidal ideas • Become philosophical • Life is not worth it • I am not worth it • Anger on small issues Winding up Giving away prized possessions
- 135. Insertion of stent
- 136. Coronary bypass
- 140. Anhedonia Loss of pleasure Joylessness Early symptom of depression
- 141. Type A personality • Time urgency • Deadlines • Competitive drive High responsibility & No authority Aggressive Anger & hostility
- 142. Depression Low energy “slow starter” in morning Low B.P. Excess sleep Alcohol intake
- 143. Loneliness • Feeling sad, lonely and disconnected • No one to share highs and lows
- 144. Eat more omega -3 • Mustard oil • Fish • Fruits • Green leaf vegetable Rajma Pure ghee soybean
- 147. PUFA -6 PUFA 3 • Sunflower oil • Safflower oil • Cereals • Pulses • Mustard oil • Fish • Green leaf vegetables • Rajma • Pure ghee • Soybean
- 148. What causes depression? Competition Technology Chronic ailments Stress No time to unwind Changing social fabric
- 149. High intake of PUFA – 6 Low intake of PUFA –3 • Complications: • Central Obesity • Increase in B.P. • Decreased Immunity • Clotting of blood • Decrease in HDL
- 150. TYPE A • Perceive more threat • Anticipate loss of control • Aggressive and competitive behavior • Suppress and deny fatigue • Endure high stress levels • Delay in seeking medical help