Head injuries can range from minor lacerations to life-threatening conditions like skull fractures and cerebral compression. The document outlines the different types of head injuries including concussions, contusions, compressions, skull fractures, subdural hematomas, and epidural hematomas. It describes the symptoms of each type of injury and emphasizes that even seemingly minor head trauma requires medical monitoring since complications can arise. Immediate first aid involves stabilizing the victim's head and neck and controlling any bleeding while seeking emergency help.
Due to stretching forces placed on individual nerve cells
Pathology distributed throughout brain
Types
Concussion
Diffuse Axonal Injury (Moderate to Severe)
70% of RTA patients have head injury(HI).
One of the most important public health problems of today.
70% of deaths in RTA are due to HI.
At Risk population
Males 15-24
Infants
Young Children
Elderly
Due to stretching forces placed on individual nerve cells
Pathology distributed throughout brain
Types
Concussion
Diffuse Axonal Injury (Moderate to Severe)
70% of RTA patients have head injury(HI).
One of the most important public health problems of today.
70% of deaths in RTA are due to HI.
At Risk population
Males 15-24
Infants
Young Children
Elderly
To describe which are the common pathophysiological
features ofhead injury
To define the mechanisms of head injuries
Characteristic clinical and imaging findings
To define the management and outcome
The most common cause of death in young is non other than Head injury. The modern advances not only gave human mankind a luxury but with high velocity injury there is high burden of head injury too. This slide is updated with BTF 2016 guideline
Intracerebral hemorhage Diagnosis and managementRamesh Babu
About ICH - Diagnosis and management, Discussed the clinical presentation, evaluation, radiological features and management including recent guidelines
To describe which are the common pathophysiological
features ofhead injury
To define the mechanisms of head injuries
Characteristic clinical and imaging findings
To define the management and outcome
The most common cause of death in young is non other than Head injury. The modern advances not only gave human mankind a luxury but with high velocity injury there is high burden of head injury too. This slide is updated with BTF 2016 guideline
Intracerebral hemorhage Diagnosis and managementRamesh Babu
About ICH - Diagnosis and management, Discussed the clinical presentation, evaluation, radiological features and management including recent guidelines
First Aid For Head Injuries - WHS First Aid KitsHonoraw
The strength of the skull is sufficient to protect the head from injury in a minor fall or a light blow to the head. If stronger forces are involved, e.g. from falling onto the head from a height, or being kicked by a horse, the skull may crack or fracture.
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The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
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• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
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http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
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9. A head injury is any trauma resulting in injury to the scalp,
skull or brain.
A head injury particularly dangerous as, at first the injury may
appear only minor however major injuryes have occurred.
A victim with a suspected head injury should be monitored for
a numbers of days after the incident
13. Bleeding
Pain
Numbness
Swelling of injured
skin
Symptoms of laceration
14. A concussion is a temporary change in
the way the brain works when it is
suddenly moved of jarred, it occurs
when the brain suddenly shifts inside
the skull and knocks against the skull’s
bony surface.
Concussion can last from a few
moments, to an unconscious state for
over 3 minutes
15. Your brain is a soft organ that is
surrounded by spinal fluid and protected
by your hard skull. Normally, the fluid
around your brain acts like a cushion that
keeps your brain from banging into your
skull. But if your head or your body is hit
hard, your brain can crash into your skull
and be injured.
16. Amnesia, short term memory lose
Nausea, vomiting headache
blurred vision
confusion
ringing in ears neck pain
dizziness
Unconsciousness
Irritability
convulsions
17. Brain Contusion Neurology A head injury often
associated with a concussion, which is of sufficient
force to bruise the brain surface and cause
extravasation of blood without rupturing the pia-
arachnoid.
Brain Contusion
18.
19. Cerebral compression is a build up
of pressure on the brain.
Cerebral compression is the condition when there is a build up of pressure pushing
on the brain. This can be caused by bleeding in the skull or swelling of the brain
tissue after a head injury. It can also occur as the result of an infection
(eg. meningitis), stroke or brain tumour. Cerebral compression is a very serious
condition and you must get help quickly
compression
20.
21. Symptoms of compression
Recent head injury
Headach
Noisy, slow breathing
Slow pulse
Unequal pupil size
Weakness of paralysis down one side of body
High temperature
Drowsiness
Change in behaviour
Disorientation
unconsciousness
22. A subdural hematoma known as a
subdural haemorrhage (SDH), is a type of
hematoma, usually associated with
traumatic brain injury. Blood gathers
within the outermost meningeal layer,
between the dura mater and the
arachnoid mater
23. Symptoms of subdural hematoma can include:
• Headache
• Confusion
• Change in behavior
• Dizziness
• Nausea and vomiting
• Lethargy or excessive drowsiness
• Weakness
• Apathy
• Seizures
24. Epidural or extradural hematoma (haematoma) is a type of traumatic brain injury
(TBI) in which a build up of blood occurs between the dura mater and the skull
25. Symptoms of epidural hematoma
• Confusion
• Dizziness
• Drowsiness or altered level of alertness
• Enlarged pupil in one eye
• Headache (severe)
• Head injury
• loss of consciousness,
• Nausea and/or vomiting
• Weakness of part of the body, usually on the opposite side from the side
with the enlarged pupil
• The symptoms usually occur within minutes to hours after a head injury
and indicate an emergency situation.
26. Skull fracture
A skull fracture occurs a head injury and can be life threatening as
the fractured bone may cause damage to the brain
Types of Skull Fractures
Closed Fracture
Open Fracture
Basal Fracture
A closed fracture, also called a
simple fracture, is one in which the
skin is not broken or cut
Also known as a
compound fracture, an
open fracture is one
in which the skin
is broken and
the bone emerges
from it.A basal fracture occurs in the
floor of the skull. This is any
area around the eyes, ears,
nose, or back, near the spine
27. Symptoms
•Bleeding from wound, ears, nose, or around eyes
•Bruising behind the ears or under the eyes
•Changes in pupils (sizes unequal, not reactive to light)
• Drainage of clear or bloody fluid from ears or nose
•Confusion
•Convulsions
•Difficulties with balance
•Drowsiness
•Headache
•Loss of consciousness
•Nausea/Vomiting
•Restlessness, irritability
•Slurred speech
•Stiff neck
•Swelling
•Visual disturbances
28. 1.Check the airways, breathing, and circulation. If
necessary, begin rescue breathing and CPR.
29. 2. Avoid moving the victim (unless absolutely necessary) until
medical help arrives. Instruct someone to call 112 (In Georgia)
for medical assistance.
This is incorrect
30. 3. If the victim must be moved, take care to stabilize the head
and neck. Place your hands on both sides of the head and
under the shoulders. Do not allow the head to bend forward
or backward, or to twist or turn.
4. Carefully check the site of injury, but do not probe in or
around the site with a foreign object. It can be difficult to
know if the skull is fractured or depressed (dented in) at the
site of injury.
5. If there is bleeding, apply firm pressure with a
clean cloth to control blood loss over a broad area.
31. 6. If blood soaks through, do not remove the original cloth. Instead,
apply additional cloths on top, and continue to apply pressure.
7. If the victim is vomiting, stabilize the head and neck (as outlined
in number 3, above), and carefully turn the victim to the side to
prevent choking on vomit.
8. If the victim is conscious and experiencing any of the previously
listed symptoms, transport to the nearest emergency medical
facility (even if the patient does not think medical assistance is
necessary).
32. Do Not
•Do NOT remove protruding objects.
•Do NOT allow the victim to continue
to engage in physical activities.
••Do NOT forget to observe the victim
closely until medical help arrives.
•Do NOT give the victim any medications before
consulting a doctor.
•Do NOT leave the victim alone, even if there are no
complaints or obvious injuries.
•Do NOT move the victim unless absolutely necessary –
head injuries may be associated with spinal injuries.