A venous thrombosis occurs when a blood clot (thrombus) forms inside a vein. Certain genetic factors like mutations in Factor V and prothrombin genes can increase the risk of thrombosis by making the blood more likely to clot. Environmental factors like taking oral contraceptives also increase risk. Deep vein thrombosis, which often originates in the legs, is the most common type of thrombosis and can lead to potentially fatal pulmonary embolisms if clots break off and travel to the lungs. Testing for genetic mutations is recommended for those with a personal or family history of thrombosis, recurrent clots, or clots in unusual areas.
Lung abscess is a type of liquefactive necrosis of the lung tissue and formation of cavities (more than 2 cm) containing necrotic debris or fluid caused by microbial infection.
Lung abscess is a type of liquefactive necrosis of the lung tissue and formation of cavities (more than 2 cm) containing necrotic debris or fluid caused by microbial infection.
Pleural effusion, sometimes referred to as “water on the lungs,” is the build-up of excess fluid between the layers of the pleura outside the lungs. The pleura are thin membranes that line the lungs and the inside of the chest cavity and act to lubricate and facilitate breathing.
Normally, the pleural space contains a small amount of fluid (5 to 15 mL), which acts as a lubricant that allows the pleural surfaces to move without friction.
But if fluid builds up from either increased production or inadequate removal pleural effusion results.
Pleural effusion B/L or unilateral (parapneumonic process)
Refers to any significant collection of fluid within pleural space.
Any imbalance in formation, absorption lead accumulation of pleural fluid. Common condition:
CHF
Bacterial pneumonia
Malignancy(chest tumor)
Pulmonary embolism
Pleura effusion is a condition refers to a collection of fluid in the pleural space. It is almost secondary to other conditions.
Bronchiectasis is a chronic, irreversible dilation of the bronchi and bronchioles. Or •Bronchiectasis is characterized by permanent, abnormal dilation of one or more large bronchBronchiectasis.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disorders COPD is a [preventable and treatable disease with some significant extra pulmonary effects that may contribute to the severity in individual clients.
It is characterized by airflow limitation that is not completely reversible.
Pleural effusion, sometimes referred to as “water on the lungs,” is the build-up of excess fluid between the layers of the pleura outside the lungs. The pleura are thin membranes that line the lungs and the inside of the chest cavity and act to lubricate and facilitate breathing.
Normally, the pleural space contains a small amount of fluid (5 to 15 mL), which acts as a lubricant that allows the pleural surfaces to move without friction.
But if fluid builds up from either increased production or inadequate removal pleural effusion results.
Pleural effusion B/L or unilateral (parapneumonic process)
Refers to any significant collection of fluid within pleural space.
Any imbalance in formation, absorption lead accumulation of pleural fluid. Common condition:
CHF
Bacterial pneumonia
Malignancy(chest tumor)
Pulmonary embolism
Pleura effusion is a condition refers to a collection of fluid in the pleural space. It is almost secondary to other conditions.
Bronchiectasis is a chronic, irreversible dilation of the bronchi and bronchioles. Or •Bronchiectasis is characterized by permanent, abnormal dilation of one or more large bronchBronchiectasis.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disorders COPD is a [preventable and treatable disease with some significant extra pulmonary effects that may contribute to the severity in individual clients.
It is characterized by airflow limitation that is not completely reversible.
PID and its newer concepts.This presentation is done after grouping information from a variety of textbooks,journals and of course our professors.will definitely enlighten you
A Complete & Effective Study Of Venous ThromboembolismMedical and Health
VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM: CAUSES, SYMPTOMS, DIAGNOSIS & TREATMENT
In this article, we’ll discuss thrombosis, thrombosis vs embolism, thrombosis definition, and thrombosis coronary. Our main headings are venous thromboembolism disease, venous thromboembolism symptoms, venous thromboembolism causes, venous thromboembolism diagnosis and treatment for venous thromboembolism. For complete article, head over to the given link, https://diseases8804.blogspot.com/2021/08/a-complete-effective-study-of-venous.html
1) Review of the Evidence on Diagnosis of Deep Venous Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism
2) Duration of anticoagulant therapy after a first episode of an unprovoked pulmonary embolus or deep vein thrombosis
Thrombosis is the development of a ‘thrombus’(clot) consisting of platelets, fibrin, red cells and white cells in the arterial or venous circulation.
If part of this thrombus in the venous circulation breaks off and enters the right heart, it may be lodged in the pulmonary arterial circulation, causing pulmonary embolism (PE).
In the left-sided circulation, an embolus may result in peripheral arterial occlusion, either in the lower limbs or in the cerebral circulation (where it may cause thromboembolic stroke).
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
2. A venous thrombosis is a blood clot (thrombus)
that forms within a vein. Thrombosis is a term for a
blood clot occurring inside a blood vessel.
It is one of the examples of gene-gene interaction
predisposing to disease.
It is found in hypercoagulability state, where venous
or arterial clots form inappropriate and cause life
threatening complications.
These predisposing genetic factor along with
environmental influence increases the risk of the
disease.
3. One such disorder is idiopathic cerebral vein thrombosis.
It is the clot formed in the venous system of brain.
Mortality
untreated: 50%
treated: nonseptic cause 10%
septic cause 30%
Outcome
77% no sequelae
20% develop thrombosis intra or extracerebrally
It is uncommon but life threatening disease.
Mimic many benign condition.
4. There are 3 common factors that lead to abnormal
coagulation of clotting system, which in turn increases
the risk of cerebral vein thrombosis. They are 2 genetic
factor and 1 environmental factor.
1. common missense mutation in a clotting factor,
factor v,
2. common variant in 3’untranslated region of gene for
clotting factor, prothrombin,
3. using oral contraceptives.
5. 1. Mutant allele of factor v ( factor v Leiden FVL)
arginine replaced by glutamine at position 506
Allele frequency 2.5% in white people
Cleavage site for the degradation of factor v is
affected by this alteration, thus making more
stable protein and exert effective procoagulant
5% of whites who are heterozygous carriers of FVL
have 7 times higher risk of cerebral vein
thrombosis than the general population
Whereas homozygous have 80 times higher risk
6. 2. Mutation in prothrombin gene
G replaced by A at position 20210 in 3’
untranslated region of gene
This change leads to increased level of prothrombin
mRNA, which result in increased translation and
elevated protein level
2.4% of white people are heterozygotes and they
have 3 fold to 6 fold increased risk of CVT
7. 3. Oral contraceptives
Independent of FVL and prothrombin, oral
contraceptive that contain synthetic estrogen increases
the risk of thrombosis 14 fold to 22 fold
Being heterozygous for FVL and using oral
contraceptives cause only a modest increase in risk
factor
Whereas, being heterozygous for prothrombin with
the usage of oral contraceptives has a relatively higher
risk from 30 to 150 fold
8. Placental artery thrombosis
FVL and prothrombin allele along with heat-
sensitive methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase allele
lead to this serious predisposing risk factor
Having at least one complication result in 5 fold
increased risk factor
Result in placental dysfunction
9. A classical venous thrombosis is deep vein
thrombosis (DVT), which can break off (embolize),
and become a life-threatening pulmonary
embolism (PE). The disease process venous
thromboembolism (abbreviated as VTE or DVT/PE)
can refer to DVT and/or PE.
The lower extremity DVT is more common than
idiopathic CVT or placental artery thrombosis.
The mortality rate due to pulmonary embolus is
upto 10%.
Environmental factor increase the risk of DVT.
10. These pulmonary emboli removed at autopsy look like casts
of the deep veins of the leg where they originated
11. This patient underwent a thrombectomy. The
thrombus has been laid over the approximate location
in the leg veins where it developed.
12. DVT usually originates in the lower extremity venous
level ,starting at the calf vein level and progressing
proximally to involve popliteal ,femoral ,or iliac
system. .80 -90 % pulmonary emboli originates here .
More than 100 years ago, Virchow described a triad of
factors of
venous stasis,
endothelial damage, and
hypercoagulable state
13.
14. In heterozygous individuals, FVL increases the risk
factor of 1st episode of DVT 7 fold, whereas in
homozygous 80 fold.
Heterozygotes using oral contraceptives have 30 fold
increased risk factor.
Heterozygotes for prothrombin 2 fold to 3 fold.
Double heterozygotes for FVL and prothrombin 20
folds more than that of general population.
Heterozygosity for either FVL or prothrombin has
only less effect on recurrence risk of DVT after 1st
episode, but together they act and increase risk of
recurrence 2-3 fold.
15. The primary objectives of the treatment of DVT are
to
prevent pulmonary embolism,
reduce morbidity, and
prevent or minimize the risk of developing the
postphlebitic syndrome.
Medications used to treat this condition include
anticoagulants such as heparin, fondaparinux and
more recently dabigatran has shown promise. Vitamin
K antagonists such as warfarin are also commonly
used.
16. FVL and prothrombin allele carriers have an
increased risk for thrombotic events than that of non
carriers.
If oral contraceptives are used, then the risk factor is
increased even more.
17. Consensus recommendations for testing for factor v
Leiden or prothrombin 20210G>A:
•Any venous thrombosis in an individual younger than
50 years
•Venous thrombosis in unusual sites (such as hepatic,
mesenteric, and cerebral veins)
•Recurrent venous thrombosis
•Venous thrombosis in pregnant woman or woman
taking oral contraceptives
•Relatives of individuals with venous thrombosis
younger than 50 years
•Myocardial infarction in female smokers younger than
50 years
18. This consensus recommendation do not include
screening all young women contemplating starting
oral contraceptives in the absence of personal or family
history of thrombosis.