Water covers most of the Earth's surface and is essential for life. While the majority is found in oceans, water pollution from various sources contaminates other bodies of water used by humans and other species. There are two main types of water pollution - point source from identifiable pipes or drains, and non-point source from diffuse runoff. Common causes include untreated sewage, industrial chemicals, acid rain, oil spills, and agricultural runoff. Water pollution harms aquatic plants and organisms and poses health risks to humans such as diarrhea, hepatitis and cholera. Solutions involve cleaning up pollution, preventing new sources, using filtration and bacteria to break down contaminants, and educating people on the issue.

1. BY
AMALA SUNDARAM

2. o Water covers 71% of the Earth's surface.
It is vital for all known forms of life.

3.  96.5% of the planet's water is found in seas and
oceans.
 1.7% in groundwater,
 1.7% in glaciers and the ice caps of Antarctica and
Greenland, a small fraction in other large water
bodies.
 0.001% in the air as vapor, clouds (formed of solid
and liquid water particles suspended in air),
and precipitation

6. o Water pollution is the contamination
of water bodies
(e.g. lakes, rivers, oceans, aquifers and groundw
ater).
o Water pollution occurs when pollutants are
directly or indirectly discharged into water
bodies without adequate treatment to remove
harmful compounds.

7.  Water pollution affects plants and
organisms living in these bodies of water.
 In almost all cases the effect is damaging
not only to individual species and populations,
but also to the natural biological
communities.

8. POINT SOURCE .
NON – POINT SOURCE .

9. Point source pollution
is a specific source of
pollution that can be
identified.
 Example: A pipe
gushing colored
water into a
river

11.  A widely spread
source of pollution
that can’t be tied to a
specific point of
origin is called
nonpoint source
pollution.
 Example: Runoff
from a farm field, a
street, or a
construction

12.  CAUSES OF
WATER POLLUTION

14. Sewage in cities
During heavy rains or floods, sanitary
sewers sometimes overflow and can pollute
the surface water.
If this happens, people are often told to boil
water for drinking and cooking after a flood.
The boiling kills many disease-causing
organisms.

16.  In rural areas, people must be careful where
they locate septic tanks.
 If a tank is too near a stream or on a hill,
wastewater can leak into the stream or flow
downhill to the area of a well.

18. Chemicals, smoke , and heated water are
three types of pollutants produced by
factories, mines, and other industries.
In the past, many industries stored toxic
wastes in barrels or other containers buried
underground.
Over the years, however, many of these
containers rusted or broke.
The chemicals leaked out, polluting both the
soil and the groundwater.

19. o When coal, oil, and gasoline are burned,
the gases sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide
are released into the atmosphere.
o The sulfur and nitrogen react with water,
forming sulfuric and nitric acids . The result is
acid rain.
o Acid rain can affect fish, harm trees, and eat
away the stone of buildings and statues

21.  Oil refineries pollute air, water and soil . All
refineries pollute the environment at
unacceptable & unhealthy levels .
 Oil spills are the release of liquid petroleum
hydrocarbon. The reasons for the oil spills are
damaged tankers any many ship accidents.
 Tar balls it is actually a remnants of oil spills

25. • Amoebiasis
•Cho leRa
•Dysentery
•Diarrhea
•Hepatitis -a
• Lead poisoning
•SchistosomEasis
•Malaria
•Typhoid
•River blindness

31.  Solving pollution problems involves cleaning
up existing problems as well as preventing new
ones.
Many pollutants are removed from fresh
water through.
Plant roots filter larger particles from the
water.
Certain bacteria consume oil and have been
used to cleanup oil spills.
 Wetlands have been built near coal mines to
treat acidic mining runoff before it returns to the
environment.
 Many industries have found that recycling
techniques that conserve water also reduce
pollution.

33. •There are 3 different things that
can help to tackle the problem.
•EDUCATION.
• LAWS
• ECONOMICS .