Haussmannization was the massive public works program commissioned between 1853 and 1870 by Emperor Napoleon III and directed by his prefect of Seine, Georges-Eugène Haussmann, to help modernize the city of Paris by clearing slums, widening streets, and establishing monumental boulevards and parks. The program aimed to improve traffic circulation, upgrade sewage and water systems, and make the city more aesthetically pleasing. It resulted in the demolition of narrow medieval streets and the creation of wide avenues such as Rue de Rivoli and Boulevard Saint-Michel that remain part of Paris today.