Christopher Alexander is an influential architect and design theorist known for developing the concept of pattern language. He authored A Pattern Language, which describes patterns that address problems in architecture, urban design and community livability. Alexander has designed over 100 buildings and his theories have impacted fields beyond architecture. He sees human-centered design as key and advocates an approach that creates living structures attuned to people's needs.
Christopher Wolfgang Alexander is a widely influential architect and design theorist. His theories about the nature of human-centered design have affected fields beyond architecture, including urban design, software, sociology and others.
Christopher Wolfgang Alexander is a widely influential architect and design theorist. His theories about the nature of human-centered design have affected fields beyond architecture, including urban design, software, sociology and others.
Pondicherry had been passed on to multiple colonial powers of Dutch, Portuguese, English, but predominantly French. Even now there's a huge French influence in Pondicherry, now a Union Territory of India.
This is an Architectural case study on the Centre for Environment Planning & Technology (CEPT) building. Situated in Ahmedabad, Gujarat. This is done by an architecture student in semester 5.
Charles Correa is an Indian architect and urban planner, particularly noted for his sensitivity to the needs of the urban poor and for his use of traditional methods and materials
Auroville, City of dawn is located in state of Tamil Nadu, India, near Pondicherry in South India. .Auroville was founded as a project on experimental basis of the ‘Sri Arbindo Society’ on Wednesday 28 February 1968. The basic idea originated from Mirra Alfassa ‘The Mother ‘who was spiritually related to India.
Ma envisaged Auroville as an international township for 50,000 residents on the shape of a flower. Architect Roger Anger refined the planning and designed it in shape of Universe.He placed Matrimandir at the center of this city.
Mary Alfassa in her first message regarding the town stated that, "Auroville is meant to be a universal town where men and women of al countries are able to live in peace and progressive harmony, above all creeds, all politics and all nationalities”
.
Aldo Rossi and The Architecture of the Cityhollan12
My presentation for ARC434 with Kevin Weiss. I will look at the theories in "The Architecture of the City" and how these ideas are reflected in Rossi's built work. Enjoy!
Pondicherry had been passed on to multiple colonial powers of Dutch, Portuguese, English, but predominantly French. Even now there's a huge French influence in Pondicherry, now a Union Territory of India.
This is an Architectural case study on the Centre for Environment Planning & Technology (CEPT) building. Situated in Ahmedabad, Gujarat. This is done by an architecture student in semester 5.
Charles Correa is an Indian architect and urban planner, particularly noted for his sensitivity to the needs of the urban poor and for his use of traditional methods and materials
Auroville, City of dawn is located in state of Tamil Nadu, India, near Pondicherry in South India. .Auroville was founded as a project on experimental basis of the ‘Sri Arbindo Society’ on Wednesday 28 February 1968. The basic idea originated from Mirra Alfassa ‘The Mother ‘who was spiritually related to India.
Ma envisaged Auroville as an international township for 50,000 residents on the shape of a flower. Architect Roger Anger refined the planning and designed it in shape of Universe.He placed Matrimandir at the center of this city.
Mary Alfassa in her first message regarding the town stated that, "Auroville is meant to be a universal town where men and women of al countries are able to live in peace and progressive harmony, above all creeds, all politics and all nationalities”
.
Aldo Rossi and The Architecture of the Cityhollan12
My presentation for ARC434 with Kevin Weiss. I will look at the theories in "The Architecture of the City" and how these ideas are reflected in Rossi's built work. Enjoy!
School for Visual Arts (SVA) MFA in Interaction Design dotdotdot lecture, 4/15/2009. Interaction designers and computer programmers love Christopher Alexander. Architects hate him. Why?
Structuralism is a mode of thinking .pptxseyefeselasse
Structuralism is a mode of thinking and a method of analysis practiced in 20th-centurysocial sciences and humanities. Methodologically, it analyses large-scale systems by examining the relations and functions of the smallest constituent elements of such systems, which range from human languages and cultural practices to folktales and literary texts.
Understanding the Need to Understand Indonesian Traditional ArchitectureCitata Tata
OMAH Architecture Library and Konteks Presented Short Course "Journey to the East". This is the second lecture of this series, presented by Setiadi Sopandi
15For this piece of the Humanities Project, you will submi.docxjesusamckone
1
5
For this piece of the Humanities Project, you will submit your topic choice along with your thesis and outline as a single 1-2-page Word document. This outline will be a guide of how your paper will flow.
Your first step, for this week, will be to write a strong thesis statement in comparison and contrast format. Once that is done, you will create a FORMAL SENTENCE OUTLINE for your project.
You are comparing 2 people who live in the same area of Humanities AND I WANT TO COMPARE Rihanna and Beyoncé
RUBRIC
Began with a couple of introductory statements that introduced the topic and main idea to the audience.
2
Had strong transition sentences that introduced the thesis
2
Provided strong, succinct thesis statement that foreshadows main points of outline
2
First section - provided highlights of section topic in full sentence outline format.
2
Second section - provided highlights of section topic in full sentence outline format.
2
Third section - provided highlights of section topic in full sentence outline format.
2
Conclusion that reiterates thesis and leaves reader with something to think about.
2
Used correct spelling and grammar; formal sentence outline style (not draft); formatted in APA style
BELOW IS AN EXAMPLES OF WHAT SHOULD BE DONE.
Humanities Project Title: Thesis and Outline
I. Introduction
A. “Love of beauty is taste. The creation of beauty is art.” – Ralph Waldo Emerson
“Space is the breath of Art.” – Frank Lloyd Wright
B. Frank Lloyd Wright was one of the greatest architects of all time using interior and exterior spaces as one. Ralph Waldo Emerson was a famous essayist of the romantic age, where self-development was the theme, and self and nature are one.
C. Thesis statement: Although both men had different professions, they were both inspired by the ideas of transcendentalism and their creations, philosophy, and relationship with life and art are guided by those ideas.
II. Transcendentalism’s core belief is in the inherent goodness of people and nature.
A. Transcendentalism is a system developed by the writings of Immanuel Kant, a philosopher. It is based on the idea that in order to understand the nature of reality, you must first examine and analyze the reasoning process that governs the nature of experience ("Transcendentalism," 2019).
1. Transcendentalism is a philosophical movement that developed in the late 1820’s and 1830’s in the Eastern United States ("Transcendentalism," 2019).
2. Transcendentalism has been influential in American literature, art, architecture, religion, and philosophy.
B. Transcendentalists are strong believers in the power of the individual. It focuses primarily on personal freedom (Goodman, 2019).
C. Transcendental Club was a discussion group formed by Ralph Waldo Emerson and others for disaffected young Unitarian clergy (Goodman, 2019).
III. Ralph Waldo Emerson was an American essayist, lecturer, philosopher, and poet who led the transcendentalist movement.
A. Emerson’s beliefs wer.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
2. Born 4 October 1936 in Vienna, Austria
Widely influential architect and design theorist, and
currently emeritus professor at the University of California,
Berkeley.
His theories about the nature of human-
centered design have had notable impacts across many
fields beyond architecture, including urban
design, software, sociology and other fields.
Alexander has also designed and personally built over 100
buildings, both as an architect and a general contractor.
3. Alexander is known for his
many books on the design
and building process,
including
A Pattern Language, with Ishikawa
and Silverstein (1977)
The Timeless Way of Building (1979)
The Linz Cafe (1981)
The Production of Houses
A City is Not a Tree (first published as
a paper and recently re-published in
book form)
Community and Privacy, with Serge
Chermayeff (1963)
The Nature of Order Book 1: The
Phenomenon of Life (2002)
The Nature of Order Book 2: The
Process of Creating Life (2002)
The Nature of Order Book 3: A Vision
of a Living World (2005)
The Nature of Order Book 4: The
Luminous Ground (2004)
The Grass Roots Housing
Process (1973)
The Oregon Experiment (1975)
With Davis, Martinez, and Corner
(1985)
A New Theory of Urban Design,
with Neis, Anninou, and King
(1987)
Foreshadowing of 21st Century
Art: The Color and Geometry of
Very Early Turkish Carpets (1993)
The Mary Rose Museum, with
Black and Tsutsui (1995)
A Pattern Language which
Generates Multi-service Centers,
with Ishikawa and Silverstein
(1968)
Houses Generated by
Patterns (1969
Notes on the Synthesis of
Form (1964) A city is not a
tree (1965)
The Atoms of Environmental
4. Alexander attended Oundle school, England. In 1954,
he was awarded the top open scholarship to Trinity
College, Cambridge University in chemistry and physics,
and went on to read mathematics. He earned
a Bachelor's degree in Architecture and a Master's
degree in Mathematics. He took his doctorate at
Harvard (the first Ph.D. in Architecture ever awarded
at Harvard University), and was elected fellow at
Harvard. During the same period he worked at MIT in
transportation theory and computer science, and worked
at Harvard in cognition and cognitive studies.
5. Phenomenon of Life
(Nature of Order Book One).
Alexander proposes a scientific view of the world in
which all space-matter has perceptible degrees of
life and sets this understanding of order as an
intellectual basis for a new architecture.
He introduces the concept of living structure, basing
it upon his theories of centers and of wholeness.
He defines the fifteen properties according to his
observations, all wholeness is built.
Alexander argues that living structure is at once
both personal and structural.
6. The Process of Creating Life
(Nature of Order Book Two).
• In the 20th century our societie’s best
efforts and intentions, architects and
planners working within these processes,
could not achieve a living built environment.
• In this book, Alexander puts forward a fully
developed theory of living process.
•He defines conditions for a process to be
living
• This concept defined in Book 1: A
structure-preserving transformation is one
which preserves, extends, and enhances
the wholeness of a system. Making changes
in society, so that streets, buildings, rooms,
gardens, towns may be generated by
hundreds of such sequences, requires
massive transformations. This book is the
first blueprint of those transformations.
7. A Vision of a Living World
(Nature of Order Book Three)
Providing hundreds of examples of buildings and places,
this volume demonstrates proposes forms for large buildings,
public spaces, communities, neighborhoods, which then lead
to discussions about the equally importantance
With these examples, laypeople, architects, builders, artists,
and students are able to make this new framework real for
themselves, for their own lives, and understand how it works
and its significance
8. The Luminous Ground
(Nature of Order Book Four).
The mechanistic thinking and the consequent investment-
oriented tracts of houses, condominiums and offices in the 20th
century have dehumanized our cities and our lives.
Are spirit, soul, emotion, feeling to be introduced into a building, or
a street, or a development project, in modern times
. He shows us conclusively that a spiritual, emotional, and
personal basis must underlie every act of building.
This radical view can conform to our most ordinary, daily
intuitions. It may provide a path for those contemporary
scientists who are beginning to see consciousness as the
underpinning of all matter, and thus as a proper object of
scientific study.
It will change, forever, our conception of what buildings are.
9. Timeless way of building.
There is one timeless way of building. It is a
thousand years old.
The same today as it has ever been. The
great traditional buildings of the past.
The villages and tents and temples in which
man feels at home, have always been made
by people who were very close to the center
of this way. It is not possible to make great
buildings, or great towns, beautiful places,
places where you feel yourself, places where
you feel alive, except by following this way.
As you will see, this way will lead anyone who
looks for it to buildings which are themselves
as ancient in their form, as the trees and hills,
and as our faces are.
10. • The West Dean
Visitors Centre, is part
of the West Dean
College estate and
grounds, including the
Arts and Crafts college,
and the refurbished
Victorian garden.
11. The north face of the main building, the
first sight when one enters the grounds.
16. Alexander's work has widely
influenced architects
Sarah Susanka, Andres
Duany, and Witold Rybczynski , Robert
Campbell
Pulitzer Prize-winning architecture critic
for the Boston Globe
stated that Alexander "has had
an enormous critical influence on my life
and work, and I think that's true of a whole
generation of people."
17. The Timeless Way of
Building(1979)
A Pattern Language
The Oregon Experiment
It has had a huge influence on creative
thinking, especially in the areas of
architecture and software design.
the concept of the "quality without a name“
The style used in The Timeless Way of
Building is also unusual for an architectural
text.
18. A CITY IS NOT A TREE
• The tree of my title is not a green tree with leaves.
• It is the name of an abstract structure.
• Collected in groups and units .
• I shall contrast it with another, more complex
abstract structure called a semilattice.
• In order to relate these abstract structures to the
nature of the city, I must first make a simple
distinction.
• A set is a collection of elements which for some
reason we think of as belonging together.
• means that you cannot consider the environment by
breaking it down into small parts, but you need to see
it as a set of units, which support and enhance each
other in a complex and interdependent whole.
20. Christopher Alexander’s latest book is subtitled “A
struggle between two world-systems,” and it is largely
the theme of conflict, both conceptual and real-world,
that this architect and architectural theorist uses to
organize the story of his designing and fabricating the
36-building, 10-million-dollar Eishin School, a 2000-
student combination high school and college in suburban
Tokyo, Japan, begun in 1981 and largely completed by
1990 (seven buildings remain to be constructed).
21. The book is classified into 4 parts as follows:
Part One, “Solving the Problem of Architecture in Our Time” (chaps. 1–6), uses
architectural examples from the completed Eishin campus as a means to illustrate
practical, conceptual, and ethical concerns
Part Two, “Rumblings of a Coming Battle” (chaps. 7–12), describes the
programming for the campus, beginning with the dream of the school’s
progressive principal Hisae Hosoi
The most prominent chapter in Part Two is the complete Eishin pattern language :
Even before we have any idea about the physical configuration of the buildings,
their shape, or design, or the way these [elements] are made real in space, it is
already obvious that the school is given its life to an enormous degree merely by
this list of patterns
22. Part Three, “Pitched Battle” (chaps. 13–19), depicts the “battle” between Systems
A and B, once Alexander’s California firm, in cooperation with the Eishin
administration, actually begins campus construction.
To conceptualize the Eishin story, Alexander identifies two contrasting approaches
to design and construction—what he labels “System A” and “System B.”
System A is “concerned with the well being of the world—its land, ecosystems,
and people”
“System B,” the villain of the Eishin story and only concerned with money, power,
control, and rapidity of production.
Part Four, Alexander moves discussion to the broader theoretical themes more
thoroughly discussed in his four-volume master work, The Nature of Order (2002–
2005)
23. Summary
Christoper Alexander's always controversial work raises
issues critical to regenerating the environment and
creating a new culture for building—and rebuilding—
our cities, neighborhoods, buildings, and gardens.
Demonstrates the application of Alexander's theories
and methods to a large-scale project and shows how
architecture can bring life to a community.
The creative processes described in the book are for
anyone who designs, builds, shapes, repairs, or
otherwise modifies the built environment.
24. PATTERN LANGUAGE
• A Pattern Language: Towns, Buildings,
Construction,1977 is a book on architecture, urban
design, And community livability.
• It was authored by Christopher Alexander, Sara
Ishikawa and Murray Silverstein of the Center for
Environmental Structure of Berkeley, California, with
writing credits also to Max Jacobson, Ingrid Fiksdahl-
King and Shlomo Angel. Decades after its
publication, it is still one of the best-selling books on
architecture.
25. The book creates a new language, what the authors call a pattern
language derived from timeless entities called patterns.
Patterns describe a problem and then offer a solution. In doing so the authors
intend to give ordinary people, not only professionals, a way to work with
their neighbors to improve a town or neighborhood, design a house for
themselves or work with colleagues to design an office, workshop or public
building such as a school.
The book uses words to describe patterns, supported by drawings,
photographs and charts.
It describes exact methods for constructing practical, safe, and attractive
designs at every scale, from entire regions, through cities, neighborhoods,
gardens, buildings, rooms, built-in furniture, and fixtures down to the level of
doorknobs. The patterns are regarded by the authors not as infallible, but as
hypotheses
Pattern Language - Official web site of Christopher Alexander.
The large building on the left is the Great Hall, next to which, right, is the Public Yard. In the rear center is the Main Gate; to the right is the Homebase Street, along which are high-school classrooms. Photo by Hajo Neis. Source: ArchitectureWeek.com.
“global character of the campus” and “Inner Precinct”, then moving through “buildings of the Inner Precinct” to smaller-scaled patterns like “special outdoor details” and “interior building character”.
Alexander claims that this pattern language arose largely from discussions among Eishin administrators, teachers, and students.