Deep Learning approaches for Hate speech detection. In this work we used the two deep learning approaches DCNN and MLP two separate classifier on four publicly available datasets.
SOCIAL NETWORK HATE SPEECH DETECTION FOR AMHARIC LANGUAGEcscpconf
The anonymity of social networks makes it attractive for hate speech to mask their criminal
activities online posing a challenge to the world and in particular Ethiopia. With this everincreasing
volume of social media data, hate speech identification becomes a challenge in
aggravating conflict between citizens of nations. The high rate of production, has become
difficult to collect, store and analyze such big data using traditional detection methods. This
paper proposed the application of apache spark in hate speech detection to reduce the
challenges. Authors developed an apache spark based model to classify Amharic Facebook
posts and comments into hate and not hate. Authors employed Random forest and Naïve Bayes
for learning and Word2Vec and TF-IDF for feature selection. Tested by 10-fold crossvalidation,
the model based on word2vec embedding performed best with 79.83%accuracy. The
proposed method achieve a promising result with unique feature of spark for big data.
Recommendation systems provide users with information they may be interested in based on their preferences and interests. They help address the problem of information overload by retrieving desired information for the user based on their preferences or those of similar users. The two main types of recommendation systems are personalized and non-personalized systems. Common techniques used include collaborative filtering, which finds users with similar tastes, and content-based filtering, which recommends items similar to those a user has liked based on item attributes.
This presentation is here to help you understand about Machine Learning, supervised Learning, Process Flow chat of Supervised Learning and 2 steps of supervised Learning.
In machine learning, support vector machines (SVMs, also support vector networks[1]) are supervised learning models with associated learning algorithms that analyze data and recognize patterns, used for classification and regression analysis. The basic SVM takes a set of input data and predicts, for each given input, which of two possible classes forms the output, making it a non-probabilistic binary linear classifier.
This document discusses a presentation given at the Sentiment Analysis Symposium in San Francisco in October 2012. The presentation introduces opinion mining and sentiment analysis, covering key concepts, applications, challenges, and techniques. Some of the main topics discussed include defining opinion mining and sentiment analysis, analyzing public mood and opinions on social media, predicting future trends from social data, and addressing challenges like determining the credibility and trustworthiness of opinions.
It gives an overview of Sentiment Analysis, Natural Language Processing, Phases of Sentiment Analysis using NLP, brief idea of Machine Learning, Textblob API and related topics.
SOCIAL NETWORK HATE SPEECH DETECTION FOR AMHARIC LANGUAGEcscpconf
The anonymity of social networks makes it attractive for hate speech to mask their criminal
activities online posing a challenge to the world and in particular Ethiopia. With this everincreasing
volume of social media data, hate speech identification becomes a challenge in
aggravating conflict between citizens of nations. The high rate of production, has become
difficult to collect, store and analyze such big data using traditional detection methods. This
paper proposed the application of apache spark in hate speech detection to reduce the
challenges. Authors developed an apache spark based model to classify Amharic Facebook
posts and comments into hate and not hate. Authors employed Random forest and Naïve Bayes
for learning and Word2Vec and TF-IDF for feature selection. Tested by 10-fold crossvalidation,
the model based on word2vec embedding performed best with 79.83%accuracy. The
proposed method achieve a promising result with unique feature of spark for big data.
Recommendation systems provide users with information they may be interested in based on their preferences and interests. They help address the problem of information overload by retrieving desired information for the user based on their preferences or those of similar users. The two main types of recommendation systems are personalized and non-personalized systems. Common techniques used include collaborative filtering, which finds users with similar tastes, and content-based filtering, which recommends items similar to those a user has liked based on item attributes.
This presentation is here to help you understand about Machine Learning, supervised Learning, Process Flow chat of Supervised Learning and 2 steps of supervised Learning.
In machine learning, support vector machines (SVMs, also support vector networks[1]) are supervised learning models with associated learning algorithms that analyze data and recognize patterns, used for classification and regression analysis. The basic SVM takes a set of input data and predicts, for each given input, which of two possible classes forms the output, making it a non-probabilistic binary linear classifier.
This document discusses a presentation given at the Sentiment Analysis Symposium in San Francisco in October 2012. The presentation introduces opinion mining and sentiment analysis, covering key concepts, applications, challenges, and techniques. Some of the main topics discussed include defining opinion mining and sentiment analysis, analyzing public mood and opinions on social media, predicting future trends from social data, and addressing challenges like determining the credibility and trustworthiness of opinions.
It gives an overview of Sentiment Analysis, Natural Language Processing, Phases of Sentiment Analysis using NLP, brief idea of Machine Learning, Textblob API and related topics.
The document discusses the Apriori algorithm, which is used for mining frequent itemsets from transactional databases. It begins with an overview and definition of the Apriori algorithm and its key concepts like frequent itemsets, the Apriori property, and join operations. It then outlines the steps of the Apriori algorithm, provides an example using a market basket database, and includes pseudocode. The document also discusses limitations of the algorithm and methods to improve its efficiency, as well as advantages and disadvantages.
This document discusses using support vector machines (SVMs) for text classification. It begins by outlining the importance and applications of automated text classification. The objective is then stated as creating an efficient SVM model for text categorization and measuring its performance. Common text classification methods like Naive Bayes, k-Nearest Neighbors, and SVMs are introduced. The document then provides examples of different types of text classification labels and decisions involved. It proceeds to explain decision tree models, Naive Bayes algorithms, and the main ideas behind SVMs. The methodology section outlines the preprocessing, feature selection, and performance measurement steps involved in building an SVM text classification model in R.
This document discusses association rule mining. Association rule mining finds frequent patterns, associations, correlations, or causal structures among items in transaction databases. The Apriori algorithm is commonly used to find frequent itemsets and generate association rules. It works by iteratively joining frequent itemsets from the previous pass to generate candidates, and then pruning the candidates that have infrequent subsets. Various techniques can improve the efficiency of Apriori, such as hashing to count itemsets and pruning transactions that don't contain frequent itemsets. Alternative approaches like FP-growth compress the database into a tree structure to avoid costly scans and candidate generation. The document also discusses mining multilevel, multidimensional, and quantitative association rules.
Make a query regarding a topic of interest and come to know the sentiment for the day in pie-chart or for the week in form of line-chart for the tweets gathered from twitter.com
Chapter - 5 Data Mining Concepts and Techniques 2nd Ed slides Han & Kambererror007
The document discusses Chapter 5 from the book "Data Mining: Concepts and Techniques" which covers frequent pattern mining, association rule mining, and correlation analysis. It provides an overview of basic concepts such as frequent patterns and association rules. It also describes efficient algorithms for mining frequent itemsets such as Apriori and FP-growth, and discusses challenges and improvements to frequent pattern mining.
Hate Speech Identification Using Machine LearningIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study that used machine learning to identify hate speech on social media. The researchers created a model using subjectivity analysis, semantic features, and a hate speech lexicon to classify tweets. They extracted subjective words and identified hate-related verbs to build the lexicon. They also looked at frequently used noun phrases related to hateful tweets. The model classified tweets as strongly hateful, weakly hateful, or non-hateful based on criteria involving the hate lexicon. The researchers aimed to automate hate speech detection, which is currently a slow, manual process, and address a lack of prior work on identifying hate speech in Hindi.
The document provides an overview of sentiment analysis and summarizes the current approaches used. It discusses how machine learning classifiers like Naive Bayes can be used for sentiment classification of texts, treating it as a two-class text classification problem. It also mentions the use of natural language processing techniques. The current system discussed will use machine learning and NLP for sentiment analysis of tweets, training classifiers on labeled tweet data to classify the polarity of new tweets.
SentiTweet is a sentiment analysis tool for identifying the sentiment of the tweets as positive, negative and neutral.SentiTweet comes to rescue to find the sentiment of a single tweet or a set of tweets. Not only that it also enables you to find out the sentiment of the entire tweet or specific phrases of the tweet.
This document discusses using machine learning for sentiment analysis on Twitter data. It defines machine learning and different types of machine learning like supervised and unsupervised learning. It then defines sentiment analysis as identifying subjective information from text and classifying it as positive, negative, or neutral. The document outlines the process of collecting Twitter data, preprocessing it, analyzing sentiment using algorithms like Naive Bayes and decision trees, and presenting the results. It acknowledges challenges like informal language and discusses how the proposed system could provide useful insights for businesses.
Machine Learning and Real-World ApplicationsMachinePulse
This presentation was created by Ajay, Machine Learning Scientist at MachinePulse, to present at a Meetup on Jan. 30, 2015. These slides provide an overview of widely used machine learning algorithms. The slides conclude with examples of real world applications.
Ajay Ramaseshan, is a Machine Learning Scientist at MachinePulse. He holds a Bachelors degree in Computer Science from NITK, Suratkhal and a Master in Machine Learning and Data Mining from Aalto University School of Science, Finland. He has extensive experience in the machine learning domain and has dealt with various real world problems.
This presentation introduces naive Bayesian classification. It begins with an overview of Bayes' theorem and defines a naive Bayes classifier as one that assumes conditional independence between predictor variables given the class. The document provides examples of text classification using naive Bayes and discusses its advantages of simplicity and accuracy, as well as its limitation of assuming independence. It concludes that naive Bayes is a commonly used and effective classification technique.
Introduction to Natural Language ProcessingPranav Gupta
the presentation gives a gist about the major tasks and challenges involved in natural language processing. In the second part, it talks about one technique each for Part Of Speech Tagging and Automatic Text Summarization
The document presents a machine learning presentation by five students. It discusses key machine learning concepts including supervised learning (classification and regression), unsupervised learning (clustering and association), semi-supervised learning, and reinforcement learning. Examples of applications are provided. The differences between traditional computer science programs and machine learning programs are outlined. The future of machine learning is predicted to include its integration into all AI systems, machine learning-as-a-service, continuously learning connected systems, and hardware enhancements to support machine learning capabilities.
The document outlines a procedure for performing sentiment analysis on tweets. It involves using the Twitter API and streaming tweets containing a keyword. The tweets are preprocessed by filtering, tokenization, and removing stop words. Then a classification algorithm is applied to classify each tweet as positive, negative, or neutral sentiment. Finally, the results will be plotted to analyze the polarity of sentiments in the tweets.
This document discusses machine learning and various applications of machine learning. It provides an introduction to machine learning, describing how machine learning programs can automatically improve with experience. It discusses several successful machine learning applications and outlines the goals and multidisciplinary nature of the machine learning field. The document also provides examples of specific machine learning achievements in areas like speech recognition, credit card fraud detection, and game playing.
This document discusses text summarization using machine learning. It begins by defining text summarization as reducing a text to create a summary that retains the most important points. There are two main types: single document summarization and multiple document summarization. Extractive summarization creates summaries by extracting phrases or sentences from the source text, while abstractive summarization expresses ideas using different words. Supervised machine learning approaches use labeled training data to train classifiers to select content, while unsupervised approaches select content based on metrics like term frequency-inverse document frequency. ROUGE is commonly used to automatically evaluate summaries by comparing them to human references. Query-focused multi-document summarization aims to answer a user's information need by summarizing relevant documents
Recommender Systems represent one of the most widespread and impactful applications of predictive machine learning models.
Amazon, YouTube, Netflix, Facebook and many other companies generate an important fraction of their revenues thanks to their ability to model and accurately predict users ratings and preferences.
In this presentation we cover the following points:
→ introduction to recommender systems
→ working with explicit vs implicit feedback
→ content-based vs collaborative filtering approaches
→ user-based and item-item methods
→ machine learning and deep learning models
→ pros & cons of the methods: scalability, accuracy, explainability
The document discusses the K-nearest neighbors (KNN) algorithm, a simple machine learning algorithm used for classification problems. KNN works by finding the K training examples that are closest in distance to a new data point, and assigning the most common class among those K examples as the prediction for the new data point. The document covers how KNN calculates distances between data points, how to choose the K value, techniques for handling different data types, and the strengths and weaknesses of the KNN algorithm.
Deep learning is a type of machine learning that uses neural networks inspired by the human brain. It has been successfully applied to problems like image recognition, speech recognition, and natural language processing. Deep learning requires large datasets, clear goals, computing power, and neural network architectures. Popular deep learning models include convolutional neural networks and recurrent neural networks. Researchers like Geoffry Hinton and companies like Google have advanced the field through innovations that have won image recognition challenges. Deep learning will continue solving harder artificial intelligence problems by learning from massive amounts of data.
The document discusses various deep learning techniques for recommendation systems, including representation learning and neural networks. It describes using embeddings to represent users, items, reviews and other data, as well as neural networks like multilayer perceptrons, convolutional neural networks and recurrent neural networks to model sequential data and generate recommendations. Architectures like joint models that combine user and item representations are also summarized.
This paper aims to develop an effective sentence model using a dynamic convolutional neural network (DCNN) architecture. The DCNN applies 1D convolutions and dynamic k-max pooling to capture syntactic and semantic information from sentences with varying lengths. This allows the model to relate phrases far apart in the input sentence and draw together important features. Experiments show the DCNN approach achieves strong performance on tasks like sentiment analysis of movie reviews and question type classification.
The document discusses the Apriori algorithm, which is used for mining frequent itemsets from transactional databases. It begins with an overview and definition of the Apriori algorithm and its key concepts like frequent itemsets, the Apriori property, and join operations. It then outlines the steps of the Apriori algorithm, provides an example using a market basket database, and includes pseudocode. The document also discusses limitations of the algorithm and methods to improve its efficiency, as well as advantages and disadvantages.
This document discusses using support vector machines (SVMs) for text classification. It begins by outlining the importance and applications of automated text classification. The objective is then stated as creating an efficient SVM model for text categorization and measuring its performance. Common text classification methods like Naive Bayes, k-Nearest Neighbors, and SVMs are introduced. The document then provides examples of different types of text classification labels and decisions involved. It proceeds to explain decision tree models, Naive Bayes algorithms, and the main ideas behind SVMs. The methodology section outlines the preprocessing, feature selection, and performance measurement steps involved in building an SVM text classification model in R.
This document discusses association rule mining. Association rule mining finds frequent patterns, associations, correlations, or causal structures among items in transaction databases. The Apriori algorithm is commonly used to find frequent itemsets and generate association rules. It works by iteratively joining frequent itemsets from the previous pass to generate candidates, and then pruning the candidates that have infrequent subsets. Various techniques can improve the efficiency of Apriori, such as hashing to count itemsets and pruning transactions that don't contain frequent itemsets. Alternative approaches like FP-growth compress the database into a tree structure to avoid costly scans and candidate generation. The document also discusses mining multilevel, multidimensional, and quantitative association rules.
Make a query regarding a topic of interest and come to know the sentiment for the day in pie-chart or for the week in form of line-chart for the tweets gathered from twitter.com
Chapter - 5 Data Mining Concepts and Techniques 2nd Ed slides Han & Kambererror007
The document discusses Chapter 5 from the book "Data Mining: Concepts and Techniques" which covers frequent pattern mining, association rule mining, and correlation analysis. It provides an overview of basic concepts such as frequent patterns and association rules. It also describes efficient algorithms for mining frequent itemsets such as Apriori and FP-growth, and discusses challenges and improvements to frequent pattern mining.
Hate Speech Identification Using Machine LearningIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study that used machine learning to identify hate speech on social media. The researchers created a model using subjectivity analysis, semantic features, and a hate speech lexicon to classify tweets. They extracted subjective words and identified hate-related verbs to build the lexicon. They also looked at frequently used noun phrases related to hateful tweets. The model classified tweets as strongly hateful, weakly hateful, or non-hateful based on criteria involving the hate lexicon. The researchers aimed to automate hate speech detection, which is currently a slow, manual process, and address a lack of prior work on identifying hate speech in Hindi.
The document provides an overview of sentiment analysis and summarizes the current approaches used. It discusses how machine learning classifiers like Naive Bayes can be used for sentiment classification of texts, treating it as a two-class text classification problem. It also mentions the use of natural language processing techniques. The current system discussed will use machine learning and NLP for sentiment analysis of tweets, training classifiers on labeled tweet data to classify the polarity of new tweets.
SentiTweet is a sentiment analysis tool for identifying the sentiment of the tweets as positive, negative and neutral.SentiTweet comes to rescue to find the sentiment of a single tweet or a set of tweets. Not only that it also enables you to find out the sentiment of the entire tweet or specific phrases of the tweet.
This document discusses using machine learning for sentiment analysis on Twitter data. It defines machine learning and different types of machine learning like supervised and unsupervised learning. It then defines sentiment analysis as identifying subjective information from text and classifying it as positive, negative, or neutral. The document outlines the process of collecting Twitter data, preprocessing it, analyzing sentiment using algorithms like Naive Bayes and decision trees, and presenting the results. It acknowledges challenges like informal language and discusses how the proposed system could provide useful insights for businesses.
Machine Learning and Real-World ApplicationsMachinePulse
This presentation was created by Ajay, Machine Learning Scientist at MachinePulse, to present at a Meetup on Jan. 30, 2015. These slides provide an overview of widely used machine learning algorithms. The slides conclude with examples of real world applications.
Ajay Ramaseshan, is a Machine Learning Scientist at MachinePulse. He holds a Bachelors degree in Computer Science from NITK, Suratkhal and a Master in Machine Learning and Data Mining from Aalto University School of Science, Finland. He has extensive experience in the machine learning domain and has dealt with various real world problems.
This presentation introduces naive Bayesian classification. It begins with an overview of Bayes' theorem and defines a naive Bayes classifier as one that assumes conditional independence between predictor variables given the class. The document provides examples of text classification using naive Bayes and discusses its advantages of simplicity and accuracy, as well as its limitation of assuming independence. It concludes that naive Bayes is a commonly used and effective classification technique.
Introduction to Natural Language ProcessingPranav Gupta
the presentation gives a gist about the major tasks and challenges involved in natural language processing. In the second part, it talks about one technique each for Part Of Speech Tagging and Automatic Text Summarization
The document presents a machine learning presentation by five students. It discusses key machine learning concepts including supervised learning (classification and regression), unsupervised learning (clustering and association), semi-supervised learning, and reinforcement learning. Examples of applications are provided. The differences between traditional computer science programs and machine learning programs are outlined. The future of machine learning is predicted to include its integration into all AI systems, machine learning-as-a-service, continuously learning connected systems, and hardware enhancements to support machine learning capabilities.
The document outlines a procedure for performing sentiment analysis on tweets. It involves using the Twitter API and streaming tweets containing a keyword. The tweets are preprocessed by filtering, tokenization, and removing stop words. Then a classification algorithm is applied to classify each tweet as positive, negative, or neutral sentiment. Finally, the results will be plotted to analyze the polarity of sentiments in the tweets.
This document discusses machine learning and various applications of machine learning. It provides an introduction to machine learning, describing how machine learning programs can automatically improve with experience. It discusses several successful machine learning applications and outlines the goals and multidisciplinary nature of the machine learning field. The document also provides examples of specific machine learning achievements in areas like speech recognition, credit card fraud detection, and game playing.
This document discusses text summarization using machine learning. It begins by defining text summarization as reducing a text to create a summary that retains the most important points. There are two main types: single document summarization and multiple document summarization. Extractive summarization creates summaries by extracting phrases or sentences from the source text, while abstractive summarization expresses ideas using different words. Supervised machine learning approaches use labeled training data to train classifiers to select content, while unsupervised approaches select content based on metrics like term frequency-inverse document frequency. ROUGE is commonly used to automatically evaluate summaries by comparing them to human references. Query-focused multi-document summarization aims to answer a user's information need by summarizing relevant documents
Recommender Systems represent one of the most widespread and impactful applications of predictive machine learning models.
Amazon, YouTube, Netflix, Facebook and many other companies generate an important fraction of their revenues thanks to their ability to model and accurately predict users ratings and preferences.
In this presentation we cover the following points:
→ introduction to recommender systems
→ working with explicit vs implicit feedback
→ content-based vs collaborative filtering approaches
→ user-based and item-item methods
→ machine learning and deep learning models
→ pros & cons of the methods: scalability, accuracy, explainability
The document discusses the K-nearest neighbors (KNN) algorithm, a simple machine learning algorithm used for classification problems. KNN works by finding the K training examples that are closest in distance to a new data point, and assigning the most common class among those K examples as the prediction for the new data point. The document covers how KNN calculates distances between data points, how to choose the K value, techniques for handling different data types, and the strengths and weaknesses of the KNN algorithm.
Deep learning is a type of machine learning that uses neural networks inspired by the human brain. It has been successfully applied to problems like image recognition, speech recognition, and natural language processing. Deep learning requires large datasets, clear goals, computing power, and neural network architectures. Popular deep learning models include convolutional neural networks and recurrent neural networks. Researchers like Geoffry Hinton and companies like Google have advanced the field through innovations that have won image recognition challenges. Deep learning will continue solving harder artificial intelligence problems by learning from massive amounts of data.
The document discusses various deep learning techniques for recommendation systems, including representation learning and neural networks. It describes using embeddings to represent users, items, reviews and other data, as well as neural networks like multilayer perceptrons, convolutional neural networks and recurrent neural networks to model sequential data and generate recommendations. Architectures like joint models that combine user and item representations are also summarized.
This paper aims to develop an effective sentence model using a dynamic convolutional neural network (DCNN) architecture. The DCNN applies 1D convolutions and dynamic k-max pooling to capture syntactic and semantic information from sentences with varying lengths. This allows the model to relate phrases far apart in the input sentence and draw together important features. Experiments show the DCNN approach achieves strong performance on tasks like sentiment analysis of movie reviews and question type classification.
A technical paper presentation on Evaluation of Deep Learning techniques in S...VarshaR19
"Evaluation of Deep Learning techniques in Sentiment Analysis from Twitter Data" is an IEEE paper that was presented at 2019 International conference on Deep Learning & Machine Learning in Emerging Application. Here is a presentation on that paper which was a part of my college seminar.
The document summarizes a student project on developing machine learning models to predict emotions from speech. The project used the TESS dataset containing audio recordings of 7 emotions. Feature extraction was done using spectrograms and MFCC. SVM and KNN classifiers were implemented and deep learning using LSTM was also explored. LSTM achieved the best accuracy of over 96% for emotion recognition when using MFCC features from the speech data.
Convolutional Neural Network for Text ClassificationAnaïs Addad
Work under Pr. Nolan, with a team of 4 to implement a convolutional neural network for text classification in TensorFlow using a dataset of Amazon reviews
TensorFlow is a software library for machine learning and deep learning. It uses tensors as multi-dimensional data arrays to represent mathematical expressions in neural networks. TensorFlow is popular due to its extensive documentation, machine learning libraries, and ability to train deep neural networks for tasks like image recognition. Tensors have a rank defining their dimensionality, a shape defining their rows and columns, and a data type. Common tensor operations include addition, subtraction, multiplication, and transposition.
Methodological study of opinion mining and sentiment analysis techniquesijsc
Decision making both on individual and organizational level is always accompanied by the search of
other’s opinion on the same. With tremendous establishment of opinion rich resources like, reviews, forum
discussions, blogs, micro-blogs, Twitter etc provide a rich anthology of sentiments. This user generated
content can serve as a benefaction to market if the semantic orientations are deliberated. Opinion mining
and sentiment analysis are the formalization for studying and construing opinions and sentiments. The
digital ecosystem has itself paved way for use of huge volume of opinionated data recorded. This paper is
an attempt to review and evaluate the various techniques used for opinion and sentiment analysis.
This document discusses different methods for document classification using natural language processing and deep learning. It presents the steps for document classification using machine learning, including data preprocessing, feature engineering, model selection and training, and testing. The document tests several models on a news article dataset, including naive bayes, logistic regression, random forest, XGBoost, convolutional neural networks (CNNs), and recurrent neural networks (RNNs). CNNs achieved the highest accuracy at 91%, and using word embeddings provided additional improvements. While classical models provided good accuracy, neural network models improved it further.
Optimizer algorithms and convolutional neural networks for text classificationIAESIJAI
Lately, deep learning has improved the algorithms and the architectures of several natural language processing (NLP) tasks. In spite of that, the performance of any deep learning model is widely impacted by the used optimizer algorithm; which allows updating the model parameters, finding the optimal weights, and minimizing the value of the loss function. Thus, this paper proposes a new convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture for text classification (TC) and sentiment analysis and uses it with various optimizer algorithms in the literature. Actually, in NLP, and particularly for sentiment classification concerns, the need for more empirical experiments increases the probability of selecting the pertinent optimizer. Hence, we have evaluated various optimizers on three types of text review datasets: small, medium, and large. Thereby, we examined the optimizers regarding the data amount and we have implemented our CNN model on three different sentiment analysis datasets so as to binary label text reviews. The experimental results illustrate that the adaptive optimization algorithms Adam and root mean square propagation (RMSprop) have surpassed the other optimizers. Moreover, our best CNN model which employed the RMSprop optimizer has achieved 90.48% accuracy and surpassed the state-of-the-art CNN models for binary sentiment classification problems.
The document describes a deep learning pipeline to extract psychiatric stressors from Twitter data related to suicide. It uses a convolutional neural network classifier to filter tweets, then a recurrent neural network to extract stressors. Transfer learning from pre-trained clinical models helped reduce annotation costs and improve performance. Key results included an 83% F1 score for tweet classification and 53-68% F1 for stressor recognition. Limitations included a lack of ground truth data and context from single tweets.
Deep learning (also known as deep structured learning or hierarchical learning) is the application of artificial neural networks (ANNs) to learning tasks that contain more than one hidden layer. Deep learning is part of a broader family of machine learning methods based on learning data representations, as opposed to task-specific algorithms. Learning can be supervised, partially supervised or unsupervised.
This document discusses approaches and methods for text classification. It outlines rule-based classification, statistical machine learning approaches like decision trees, k-nearest neighbors, naive Bayes, hidden Markov models, and support vector machines. It also discusses recent deep learning methods like convolutional neural networks, recurrent neural networks, bidirectional LSTMs, hierarchical attention networks, and more for text classification without feature engineering. The document provides examples of how each method has been applied and highlights their strengths and limitations.
Recurrent Neural Networks have shown to be very powerful models as they can propagate context over several time steps. Due to this they can be applied effectively for addressing several problems in Natural Language Processing, such as Language Modelling, Tagging problems, Speech Recognition etc. In this presentation we introduce the basic RNN model and discuss the vanishing gradient problem. We describe LSTM (Long Short Term Memory) and Gated Recurrent Units (GRU). We also discuss Bidirectional RNN with an example. RNN architectures can be considered as deep learning systems where the number of time steps can be considered as the depth of the network. It is also possible to build the RNN with multiple hidden layers, each having recurrent connections from the previous time steps that represent the abstraction both in time and space.
This document summarizes a presentation on using an LSTM neural network to predict bitcoin price movements based on sentiment analysis of twitter data. It describes collecting over 1 million tweets related to bitcoin, representing the words in the tweets as word vectors, training an LSTM model on the vectorized tweet data with sentiment labels, and evaluating whether the predicted sentiment correlates with bitcoin price changes. While the results did not find a relationship between sentiment and price according to this model, improvements are discussed such as using a training set more similar to the actual tweet data.
The document discusses word embedding techniques used to represent words as vectors. It describes Word2Vec as a popular word embedding model that uses either the Continuous Bag of Words (CBOW) or Skip-gram architecture. CBOW predicts a target word based on surrounding context words, while Skip-gram predicts surrounding words given a target word. These models represent words as dense vectors that encode semantic and syntactic properties, allowing operations like word analogy questions.
Methodological Study Of Opinion Mining And Sentiment Analysis Techniques ijsc
Decision making both on individual and organizational level is always accompanied by the search of other’s opinion on the same. With tremendous establishment of opinion rich resources like, reviews, forum discussions, blogs, micro-blogs, Twitter etc provide a rich anthology of sentiments. This user generated content can serve as a benefaction to market if the semantic orientations are deliberated. Opinion mining and sentiment analysis are the formalization for studying and construing opinions and sentiments. The digital ecosystem has itself paved way for use of huge volume of opinionated data recorded. This paper is an attempt to review and evaluate the various techniques used for opinion and sentiment analysis.
Interest in Deep Learning has been growing in the past few years. With advances in software and hardware technologies, Neural Networks are making a resurgence. With interest in AI based applications growing, and companies like IBM, Google, Microsoft, NVidia investing heavily in computing and software applications, it is time to understand Deep Learning better!
In this lecture, we will get an introduction to Autoencoders and Recurrent Neural Networks and understand the state-of-the-art in hardware and software architectures. Functional Demos will be presented in Keras, a popular Python package with a backend in Theano. This will be a preview of the QuantUniversity Deep Learning Workshop that will be offered in 2017.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
TEXT ADVERTISEMENTS ANALYSIS USING CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORKSijdms
In this paper, we describe the developed model of the Convolutional Neural Networks CNN to a
classification of advertisements. The developed method has been tested on both texts (Arabic and Slovak
texts).The advertisements are chosen on a classified advertisements websites as short texts. We evolved a
modified model of the CNN, we have implemented it and developed next modifications. We studied their
influence on the performing activity of the proposed network. The result is a functional model of the
network and its implementation in Java and Python. And analysis of model results using different
parameters for the network and input data. The results on experiments data show that the developed model
of CNN is useful in the domains of Arabic and Slovak short texts, mainly for some classification of
advertisements.
Ask Me Any Rating: A Content-based Recommender System based on Recurrent Neur...Alessandro Suglia
Presentation for "Ask Me Any Rating: A Content-based Recommender System based on Recurrent Neural Networks" at the 7th Italian Information Retrieval Workshop.
See paper: http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1653/paper_11.pdf
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...gerogepatton
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...nooriasukmaningtyas
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
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1. A Deep Learning Approach For Hate
Speech and Offensive Language
Detection on Twitter
Presented By:
Nasim Alam
M Tech Computer
2. INTRODUCTION
Hate Speech
● Hate speech is speech that attacks a person or group on the basis of attributes
such as race religion, ethnic origin, national origin, gender, disability, sexual
orientation.
● The law of some countries describes hate speech as speech, gesture or
conduct, writing, or display that incites violence or prejudicial action against a
protected group or individual on the basis of their membership of the group.
● Social media platforms like Facebook and twitter has raised concerns about
emerging dubious activity such as the intensity of hate, abusive and offensive
behavior among us.
2
3. Motivation
Potential of social media for spreading hate speech
◉ 30% internet penetration in India (World Bank, 2016)
◉ 241 million users of Facebook alone (The Next Web Report, 2017)
◉ 136 million Indians are active social media users (Yral Report, 2016)
◉ 200 million whatsapp users in India (Mashable, 2017)
3
4. OBJECTIVE
• The main objective of this work is to develop an automated deep learning
based approach for detecting hate speech and offensive language.
• Automated detection corresponds to automated learning such as machine
learning: supervised and unsupervised learning. We use a supervised learning
method to detect hate and offensive language.
• Classify tweets into three or four classes (like: racist, sexist, none , both) based
on tweet sentiment and other features that a tweet demonstrate.
4
5. PROJECT CONTRIBUTION
• An efficient feature extraction and selection.
• A Multi-layer perceptron based model to train and classify tweets
into hate, offensive or none.
• A Dynamic CNN based model for training and GloVe embedding
vector for feature extraction.
5
6. Literature survey
Refereance Dataset Techinque Results
Greevy et al
(2004)
PRINCIP Corpus
Size: 3 Million words from tweets
Model: SVM
Feature Extraction:
BOW, Bi-gram
Precision: 92.5%(BOW)
Recall: 87% (BOW)
Precision: 92.5% (Bi-gram)
Recall: 87% (Bi-gram)
Waseem and Hovy
(2016)
Total Annotated tweets: 16,914.
#Sexist tweets 3,383.
#Racist Tweets 1,972.
#tweets Neither racist nor sexist: 11,559.
Model: Char n-grams
Word n-grams
Precision: 73.89%(char n-gram)
Recall: 77.75% (char n-gram)
F1 Score: 72.87 (char n-grams)
Precision: 64.58%(word n-grams)
Recall: 71.93% (word n-grams)
F1 Score: 64.58(word n-grams)
Akshita et al
(2016)
Waseem and Hovy, 2016
Size: 22,142 tweets
Class: Benevolent, Hostile, others
Model: SVM, Seq2Seq
(LSTM), FastText
Classifier(by Facebook
AI Research)
Feature Extraction: TF-
IDF, Bag of n-words
Average F1 score among
classes: 0.723 (SVM),
0.74 (Seq2Seq)
Overall F1 Score: 0.84 (FastText)
6
7. Literature survey
Refereance Dataset Techinque Results
Ji Ho et al
(2016)
Waseem and Hovy, 2016
Waseem 2016
Class: Racism,Sexism and None
Size: 25k tweets
Model: Hybrid CNN
Classifier(wordCNN +
CharCNN)
Precision: 0.827
Recall: 0.827
F1 Score: 0.827
Davidson et al
(2017)
CrowdFlower (CF)
Class: Hate,offensive and None
Size: 25k tweets
Model: Linear SVM, Logistic,
Regression
precision: 0.91,
Recall: 0.90,
F1 score: 0.90.
Zhang et al
(2018)
7 publicly available dataset:
DT(24k), RM(2k), WZ-LS(18k), WZ-
L(16k), WZ-S.amt(6k), WZ-S.exp(6k),
WZ-S.gb(6k)
Model:CNN+GRU
Accuracy:
DT: 0.94, RM: 0.92, WZ-L:
0.82,WZ-S.amt: 0.92, WZ-S.exp:
0.92, WZ-S.gb: 0.93
7
9. A Multi-Layer perceptron (MLP) based model
9
● Raw text in the form of tweets in csv file crawled from twitter using
Tweepy API.
● A lots of preprocessing done to get cleaned text.
● Feature Extraction:
○ Convert it into TF-IDF feature matrix.
○ POS TF feature matrix.
○ Other Features like: No_of_syllales, avg_syl_per_word,
no_of_unique_words,num_mentions,is_retweets,VaderSentime
nt:pos,neg,neutral, compound).
● Concatenated these feature matrices into one matrix.
● We used logistic regression with L1 regularization to select most
important features and then passed this selected feature vector to an
MLP network for classification.
● MLP consists of an input layer, three hidden layer and an output layer
or softmax layer.
○ Input layer Size: Size of Input feature matrix, Activation:
Sigmoid.
○ Number of nodes: 200, 140, 70 and Activation Function: Relu.
○ Softmax Layer: Output class: 3 or 4, Activation function:
Softmax.
MLP based Proposed model
10. 10
A simple single layer CNN
● A Sentence (a single tweet): X1:n = X1 ⊕ X2 ⊕ …………..Xn
● All possible widow of length h: {X1:h, X2:h+1, …………Xn-h+1:n }
● We can have multiple filter or window of different length like h=1 for unigram, h=2 for bigram , h=3
for trigram and so on.
● This filter is consist of random weight which is convolved over sentence matrix in overlapped
fashion and a sum of multiplication of filter and X is calculated as feature map.
● A feature map C = [c1,c2,……………………cn+h-1] ∈ ℝn-h+1, for multiple filter we may have multiple
feature map as Ci = [C1, C2, …………Cm] where m is number of filters.
● pooling: pooling is a process of selecting only interested region from the convolution feature vector.
The result of pooling is Ĉ = max{ C } and Ĉi can be pooled feature vector for ith filter.
● All the pooled vectors are concatenated into single feature vector Z = [Ĉ1, Ĉ2, ……, Ĉm ]
● Finally Z feature vector is passed through a softmax function for final classification.
11. Word2Vec Word Embedding
11
Word2vec
• Word2vec is a predictive model, which uses an ANN based model to
predict the real valued vector of a target word with respect to the
another context word.
• Mikolov et al used continuous bag of words and skipgram models
that are trained over millions of words and represent each in a
vector space.
GloVe
• GloVe is a semantic vector space models of language represent
each word with a real valued vector.
• GloVe model uses word frequency and global co-occurance count
matrix.
• Count-based models learn their vectors by essentially doing
dimensionality reduction on the co-occurrence counts matri.
• These vectors can be used as features in a variety of applications
such as information retrieval, document classification, question
answering, NER, and Parsing.
Representation of word in vector space
13. 13
Dynamic Convolutional Neural Network
• Wide Convolution: Given an input sentence, to obtain the first
layer of the DCNN we take the embedding Wi ∈ ℝd for each word
in the sentence and construct the sentence matrix s ∈ ℝd × s .
• A convolutional layer in the network is obtained by convolving a
matrix of weights m ∈ ℝd × m with the matrix of activations at the
layer below.
• A dynamic k-max pooling operation is a k-max pooling
operation where we let k be a function of the length of the
sentence and the depth of the network, we simply model the
pooling parameter as follows:
Where i is ith conv-layer in which k max-pooling is
applied. L is the total number of convolutional layers
in the network.S is input sentence length.
• Folding is used just to sum every two rows in feature map
component wise. For the feature map of d rows folding returns
d/2 rows.
A DCNN Architecture (Source: Kalchbrenner et al. (2014) )
14. A DCNN based Model for Hate speech detection
14
● Tweets: Crawled tweets using tweet-id, saved as csv file having tweets and label.
● Preprocessing of tweets:
○ Convert to lowercase, Stop words removal.
○ Remove unwanted symbols and retweets.
○ Normalize the words to make it meaningful.
○ Remove tokens having document frequency less than 7 which removes
sparse features which is less informative.
● Word2vec conversion:
○ A 300-dimensional word embedding GloVe model, which is pre- trained on
the 4-billion-word Wikipedia text corpus by researcher from Stanford
University.
○ Embedding dimension: 100*300.
● Passed to DCNN model for classification:
○ Four conv1d layer of having 300 filters of each of window size 1,2,3 and 4.
○ K-max pooling performed corresponding to each conv1d and merged into
one single vector.
○ Further passed through Dropout, dense layer and softmax layer for
classification.
A DCNN based proposed model
15. Results and Discussion
15
Datasets SVM MLP CNN* DCNN
WZ-LS 0.73 0.83 0.82 0.83
WZ-L 0.74 0.83 0.82 0.83
WZ-S.exp 0.89 0.93 0.90 0.9283
Hate 0.87 0.92 0.91 0.92
Table 1: shows testing accuracy of 4 different model on 4 publicly available Hate & offensive
language datasets.
17. Performance of MLP based Model
17
WZ-LS
class Precision Recall F1
Racist 0.73 0.73 0.73
Sexism 0.77 0.56 0.65
None 0.85 0.92 0.88
Both 1.0 0.33 0.50
Overall 0.83 0.83 0.82
WZ-L
class Precision Recall F1
Racist 0.81 0.68 0.74
Sexism 0.85 0.61 0.71
None 0.83 0.93 0.88
Overall 0.83 0.83 0.82
WZ-S.exp
class Precision Recall F1
Racist 1.0 0.05 0.2
Sexism 0.85 0.77 0.81
None 0.95 0.99 0.97
Both 0.0 0.0 0.0
Overall 0.93 0.92 0.93
DT
class Precision Recall F1
Hate 0.60 0.52 0.56
Offensive 0.95 0.80 0.87
Neither 0.87 0.91 0.89
Overall 0.92 0.91 0.92
(a) (b)
(c)
(d)
18. Conclusion
The propagation of hate speech on social media has been increasing
significantly in recent years and it is recognised that effective counter-measures
rely on automated data mining techniques. Our work made several contributions
to this problem. First, we introduced a method for automatically classifying hate
speech on Twitter using a deep neural network model (DCNN and MLP) that
empirically improve classification accuracy. Second we did comparative analysis
of our model on four publicly available datasets.
18
19. Future Work
We will explore future work in numerous ways, such as first, further fine tuning of
hyperparameter can improve accuracy, second we will use metadata along with
tweets such as number of followers, the location, account age, total number of
(posted/favorited/liked) tweets, etc., of a user. We will make a hybrid model
(DCNN + MLP), all tweets are passed through DCNN model and metadata to MLP
in parallel then the result of these two can be combined and then it will be passed
through dense layer and softmax layer for final classification.
19
21. References
• Greevy E and Smeaton A F. "Classifying racist texts using a support vector machine"; In Proceedings of the 27th Annual
International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research andDevelopment in Information Retrieval SIGIR ’04, pages 468–469, New
York, NY, USA, 2004. ACM
• Davidson T, Warmsley D, Macy M, and Weber I. "Automated hate speech detection and the problem of offensive language"; In
Proceedings of the 11th Conference on Web and Social Media. AAAI, 2017.
• Lozano E, Cede˜no J, Castillo G, Layedra F, Lasso H, and Vaca C. 2017 "Requiem for online harassers: Identifying racism from
political tweets"; In 4th IEEE Conference on eDemocracy & eGovernment (ICEDEG), 154–160.
• Jha A, and Mamidi R. 2017. "When does acompliment become sexist? analysis and classification of ambivalent sexism using
twitter data"; In 2nd Workshop on NLP and Computational Social Science, 7–16.
• Park H. J. and Fung P. "One-step and two-step classcation for abusive language detection on twitter";In ALW1: 1st Workshop on
Abusive Language Online, Vancouver, Canada, 2017. Association for Computational Linguistics.
• Zhang Z, Robinson D and Tepper J, “Detection Hate Speech on Twitter Using a Convolution-GRU based DNN” In 15th ESWC 2018
conference on Semantic web.
• Waseem Z and Hovy D. "Hateful symbols or hateful people? predictive features for hate speech detection on twitter";In
Proceedings of the NAACL Student Research Workshop, pages 88–93. Association for Computational Linguistics, 2016.
• Kalchbrenner N, Grefenstette E., Blunsom P. “A Convolutional Neural Network for Modelling Sentences”, In arXiv:1404.2188v1
[cs.CL] 8 Apr 2014.
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