I hope You all like it. I hope It is very beneficial for you all. I really thought that you all get enough knowledge from this presentation. This presentation is about materials and their classifications. After you read this presentation you knowledge is not as before.
It consists classification of polymerization techniques. What is bulk polymerization, how will the reaction proceed, and what are the advantages, disadvantages, and applications. Similarly, what is solution polymerization and how it will be carried out, what are the advantages, disadvantages, and applications behind it everything is explained in detail. Some of the related questions are also included for practice. All the contents taken from different websites and books are also mentioned.
I hope You all like it. I hope It is very beneficial for you all. I really thought that you all get enough knowledge from this presentation. This presentation is about materials and their classifications. After you read this presentation you knowledge is not as before.
It consists classification of polymerization techniques. What is bulk polymerization, how will the reaction proceed, and what are the advantages, disadvantages, and applications. Similarly, what is solution polymerization and how it will be carried out, what are the advantages, disadvantages, and applications behind it everything is explained in detail. Some of the related questions are also included for practice. All the contents taken from different websites and books are also mentioned.
INTRODUCTION
OBJECTIVES
METHOD OF POLYMERIZATION
FLOW DIAGRAM
MODEL OF SUSPENSION POLYMERIZATION
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
ADVANCEMENT IN THE FIELD OF SUSPENSION POLYMERIZATION
CONCLUSION
Additives of Polymer, Additives of plastic, Improve properties of Plastic, Ty...Jaynish Amipara
additives of plastic.
uses of filler in plastic.
types of a heat stabilizer.
types of lubricant.
types of plasticizer in plastic.
plastic in antioxidant.
poly styrene is a synthetic aromatic polymer made from the monomer styrene. Polystyrene can be solid or foamed. General purpose polystyrene is clear, hard, and rather brittle. It is an inexpensive resin per unit weight. polystyrene is in a solid (glassy) state at room temperature but flows if heated above about 100 °C, its glass transition temperature. It becomes rigid again when cooled .
It is also called as Co-ordination polymerisation. Zeigler (1953) and Natta (1955) discovered that in the presence of a combination of transition metal halides like TCl4, ZnBr3 etc, with an organometallic compound like triethyl-aluminium or trimethyl-aluminium, stereospecific polymerisation can be carried out. Combination of metal halides and organometallic compounds are called Zeigler Natta catalyst.
It is also called as Co-ordination polymerisation. Zeigler (1953) and Natta (1955) discovered that in the presence of a combination of transition metal halides like TCl4, ZnBr3 etc, with an organometallic compound like triethyl-aluminium or trimethyl-aluminium, stereospecific polymerisation can be carried out. Combination of metal halides and organometallic compounds are called Zeigler Natta catalyst.
Plastics has been evolving now a days. Our lives has been filled with plastics. Almost all of our things are made of plastics but do you what it is and what it is made of?
One of the most common and widely used plastic is polyethylene or PE with the resin codes 2 and 4. It is mostly used as plastic bags, food wraps, bulletproof vest, pipes and so many more. Here is a little preview of polyethylene and what is its purpose in our daily lives.
What is polyethylene?
Its properties, structure and applications.
Melamine resin or melamine formaldehyde is a hard, thermosetting plastic material made from melamine and formaldehyde by polymerization. The presentation includes the preparation of MF, its properties and applications.
INTRODUCTION
OBJECTIVES
METHOD OF POLYMERIZATION
FLOW DIAGRAM
MODEL OF SUSPENSION POLYMERIZATION
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
ADVANCEMENT IN THE FIELD OF SUSPENSION POLYMERIZATION
CONCLUSION
Additives of Polymer, Additives of plastic, Improve properties of Plastic, Ty...Jaynish Amipara
additives of plastic.
uses of filler in plastic.
types of a heat stabilizer.
types of lubricant.
types of plasticizer in plastic.
plastic in antioxidant.
poly styrene is a synthetic aromatic polymer made from the monomer styrene. Polystyrene can be solid or foamed. General purpose polystyrene is clear, hard, and rather brittle. It is an inexpensive resin per unit weight. polystyrene is in a solid (glassy) state at room temperature but flows if heated above about 100 °C, its glass transition temperature. It becomes rigid again when cooled .
It is also called as Co-ordination polymerisation. Zeigler (1953) and Natta (1955) discovered that in the presence of a combination of transition metal halides like TCl4, ZnBr3 etc, with an organometallic compound like triethyl-aluminium or trimethyl-aluminium, stereospecific polymerisation can be carried out. Combination of metal halides and organometallic compounds are called Zeigler Natta catalyst.
It is also called as Co-ordination polymerisation. Zeigler (1953) and Natta (1955) discovered that in the presence of a combination of transition metal halides like TCl4, ZnBr3 etc, with an organometallic compound like triethyl-aluminium or trimethyl-aluminium, stereospecific polymerisation can be carried out. Combination of metal halides and organometallic compounds are called Zeigler Natta catalyst.
Plastics has been evolving now a days. Our lives has been filled with plastics. Almost all of our things are made of plastics but do you what it is and what it is made of?
One of the most common and widely used plastic is polyethylene or PE with the resin codes 2 and 4. It is mostly used as plastic bags, food wraps, bulletproof vest, pipes and so many more. Here is a little preview of polyethylene and what is its purpose in our daily lives.
What is polyethylene?
Its properties, structure and applications.
Melamine resin or melamine formaldehyde is a hard, thermosetting plastic material made from melamine and formaldehyde by polymerization. The presentation includes the preparation of MF, its properties and applications.
KINETICS OF ESTERIFICATION REACTION USING ION-EXCHANGE RESIN CATALYSTJournal For Research
The reaction kinetics of esterification between n-butanol and acetic acid on acidic solid catalyst named SERALITE SRC-120 under atmospheric pressure was investigated in this work. Reaction experiments were carried out in a stirred batch reactor at temperature range of 353 to 356 K, under various catalyst loads and various starting reactants feed ratios. The experimental data were fitted to estimate the kinetic parameters for reaction mechanisms. The chemical equilibrium composition was measured and kinetic information was obtained at the same temperature range. The results show that the activation energy of n-butanol esterification reaction was found to be 622.28 KJ/mol. Finally the results of produced reaction mechanisms were compared with Experimental results to validate the reaction mechanism. Then it was conclude that the model results with the regressed kinetic parameters are in excellent agreement with the experimental results.
Catalysis and its Types
Homogeneous Catalysis
Advantages of Homogeneous Catalysis
History of Homogeneous Catalytic Reactions
Examples of Homogeneous Catalytic Reactions
Globally, the demand for industrial catalysts is driven by the surging demand for chemicals in various end applications in industries such as personal care products, lubricants, petroleum refinery, pharmaceuticals and foods & beverages. Growing awareness among manufacturers of chemicals and consumers, related to environment and increasing emissions impacting the eco system have led to highly intense competition in the global market for catalysts.
As per research reports, the global industrial catalyst market is estimated at roughly USD 17.5 bn (depicted in Figure 5) as of FY15 and is forecasted to grow at a CAGR of 4% - 5% during FY15 to FY20, on account of rising consumption of chemicals and their applicability. The APAC region remains the major market followed by North America and Europe. In the forecast period, the APAC region is expected to continue to witness strong growth driven by India and China
CdSe Quantum Dot- Fullerene Hybrid Nano-
-composite for Solar Energy Conversion: Electron
Transfer and Photoelectrochemistry. Paper presentation, DOI: 10.1021/nn204350w
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
2. Brief Overview
• Introduction
• Discovery of Method
• Synthetic Routes
• Mechanisms:
Then and Now
• Applications
• Pros and Cons
• Paper (2)
• Conclusion
3. Introduction
• conjugate addition of silyl ketene acetals to α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds
Organic Chemistry, Clayden, p-755
• Applied to alkylated methacrylate monomers and the initiator is a silyl ketene acetal.
• New monomer adds to the initiator and to the active growing chain in a Michael rxn.
• Discovered over 30 years ago at
• Anionic living polymerization- but active chain end is covalent
4. Discovery- A Story
Webster et al at DuPont’s Central R&D
• Methacrylate block polymers useful in automobile
finishes.
• at -80°C by sequential polymerization of different
methacrylate monomers under “living” anionic
conditions.
• maintaining reactors at -80°C !!!
5. •“living” anionic polymerization of methyl methacrylate with a 1,1-
diphenylhexyl anion containing a silyl protected –OH.
• trimethylsilyl ketene acetal could react with MMA to give polymer by a repetitive
Mukiayama reaction…..
• few unsuccessful reactions with Lewis acids such as BF3 etherate
• First production of PMMA by group transfer polymerization with ZnBr2 catalyst
• Name suggested by Trost
Discovery- A Story
6. Synthetic Routes
• Always start with conjugate addition of silyl ketene acetal initiators
• Monomer: Methacrylates, Acrylates, Ketones, Nitriles, Carboxamides
-Nucleophilic Anions
KHF2
TASHF2
Bu4NF
TASCN
Et4NCN
TASN3
-Lewis Acids
ZnBr2
ZnI2
ZnCl2
(i-Bu2Al)2O
i-Bu2AlCl
Et2AlCl
Webster et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 5706-5708
Sogah et al., Macromolecules, Vol. 20, No. 7, 1987
• Catalysts: Two choices
8. Pros and Cons
• Advantages
1. Good for making blocks of
acrylates and methacrylates
2. Can be done at RT and
elevated T
3. Excellent architectural control
(stars, blocks, etc.)
4. Low PDIs (can get down to
1.03!)
5. No metallic or halide impurities
left over
6. No bad odors!
• Disadvantages
1. Cannot be done in presence of
water
2. Initiator still costly
3. Cannot use monomers with
acidic or active hydrogen
functional groups
11. Group Transfer Polymerization of Acrylates and Methacrylates
using N-hetereocyclic Carbene Catalysts
- Scholten et al., Polymer Preprints 2007, 48(2),167
N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) as potent catalysts
for GTP of methyl methacrylate and tert-butyl acrylate
12. Conc: NHCs demonstrate equivalent activity and superior control in comparison
to bifluoride-catalyzed systems.
Results
13. Group transfer polymerization of biobased unsaturated esters
-E. Kassi et al./ European Polymer Journal 49 (2013) 761–767
•(As the fossil resources dwindle) concerned with organic synthetic building blocks.
14. Group transfer polymerization of biobased unsaturated esters
-E. Kassi et al./European Polymer Journal 49 (2013) 761–767
•(As the fossil resources dwindle) concerned with organic synthetic building blocks.
15. Polymerization of Itaconic Acid esters
• can be obtained from “distillation” of citric acid.
• Attempted random block copolymerization of the pairs di(n-butyl)itaconate
(DBI) with methyl methacrylate (DBI-MMA) and 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl
methacrylate (DBI-MAEMA)
• Products were just DBI oligomers, whereas MMA and DMAEMA were not consumed.
• This indicated the greater reactivity of DBI compared to the methacrylates.
16. • attachment of 1–2 DBI units to the second short block of DMAEMA
• DMAEMA-DBI combination corresponds to amphiphilic block
copolymers capable of forming micelles in water
Conc: nature designed unsaturated compounds are not inert
Polymerization of Itaconic Acid esters
17. Conclusion
• Relatively new ‘quasi- living’ oxyanionic polymerization technique,
capable of the rapid, room-temperature polymerization of
α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds.
• Full of potential, still room for improvement
• Best method around for block polymers of methacrylate derivatives
