This document provides information on the growth, development, and needs of preschool-aged children between the ages of 3-5 years old. It discusses their physical, cognitive, emotional, social, and language development milestones and characteristics. The document is authored by Mrs. D. Melba Sahaya Sweety, an Associate Professor of Pediatric Nursing. It includes sections on the growth and development of 3, 4, and 5 year old preschoolers with details on motor skills, self-care abilities, language development, play, and more. The overall document serves as a reference for understanding the typical development of preschool-aged children.
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Growth and Development of Preschooler .pptx
1. Mrs. D. Melba Sahaya Sweety
RN,RM
PhD Nursing , MSc Nursing (Pediatric Nursing),
BSc Nursing
Associate Professor
Department of Pediatric Nursing
Enam Nursing College, Savar,
1
2. INTRODUCTION
• The preschool period is the period between 3 and 5 years of age. The pre-
school years is also known as “the years before formal schooling begins.
This is a time of continued growth and development. Physical growth
continues much more slowly compared to earlier years however the child
achieves several milestones in life which also serve as basic foundation of
learning and development.
• Preschoolers have more control in there body, since they have their
center of gravity at a lower level, right about near the belly button. This
gives them more ability to be stable and balanced than the toddler. The
preschooler moves from the unsteady stance of toddlerhood to a more
steady bearing. They no longer “toddle”, that wobbly way that toddlers
walk. This also allows the preschooler to move more “successfully” than
the toddler.
2
3. CHARACTERISTICS OF
PRESCHOOLERS
• Gain strength ,Coordination and Body
awareness
• Jealousy and attention seeking
• Less Egocentric and Independence
• Make friends
• Ritualistic Behavior continues
• Developing an increased attention span
3
5. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF THREE YEARS
PRE - SCHOOLER
Company name
Mrs. D. Melba Sahaya Sweety RN,RM
PhD Nursing , MSc Nursing (Pediatric Nursing), BSc
Nursing
Associate Professor
Department of Pediatric Nursing
Enam Nursing College, Savar,
Bangladesh. 5
6. Weight :- Approximately 12.5 – 16.5 kg has
gained 2.27 kg during third year
Height :- Approximately 90.5 – 101.5 cm
gained 8 cm in third year
Pulse :- 105 + or – 15 (average 95 be/ mt)
Respiration :- 25 + or – 5 be/ mt
Blood Pressure :- 100/67 + or – 24/25
PHYSICAL OR BIOLOGIC
DEVELOPMENT
6
15. PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
Sense of Initiative Vs Guilt
•Egocentric in thought
and behavior
•Able to share but
expresses idea of mine
• Fears the Dark
15
16. PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
May have dreams
and nightmares
Sense of Initiative Vs Guilt
Knows own sex
Less dependent on
parents but needs
reassurance and help
16
17. Psycho sexual development
Phallic Stage
SPIRITUAL
DEVELOPMENT
Intuitive – Projective Faith
MORAL DEVELOPMENT
Preconventional Morality
Stage I 17
18. INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT
Tries to please and
conforms to request
Characteristics of thought
include animism and realism
Preoperational Thoughts; Substage I and II
18
21. LANGUAGE
DEVELOPMENT
EXPRESSIVE LANGUAGE
Uses 4 word sentence – asks,
Why, uses Plurals
Names figures in a picture
Has vocabulary of 800 – 1000
words
Child should be intelligible 90%
of time 21
22. PLAY STIMULATION
Likes things that
squish , move ,
talk, make noise
Books about
Known Things
Transportation toys ,
tricycle, agons,
dump trucks, doll
carriage
22
25. GROWTH AND
DEVELOPMENT OF
FOUR YEARS PRE-
SCHOOLERS
Mrs. D. MelbaSahayaSweetyRN,RM
PhD Nursing , MSc Nursing (PediatricNursing),BScNursing
AssociateProfessor
Department of PediatricNursing
EnamNursing College,Savar,
Bangladesh.
25
26. • WEIGHT :- Approximately 13.5 - 19.5 kg has gained 2.27
kg during the fourth year.
• HEIGHT :- Approximately 95 – 109 cm has increased 8
cm in fourth year . Has doubled birth length.
• PULSE :- 100 + or - 10 be/ mt (average 92 be/mt)
• RESPIRATION :- 24 + or – 4 per/mt
• BLOOD PRESSURE :- 100/66 + or – 20
• BLADDER CONTROL :- usually dry at night
26
27. Runs on tiptoes Balances on one foot
3 - 5 seconds
Jumps from
greater height
27
28. Pedals a tricycle
quickly ,
turns sharp corners
Catches ball
with extended
arms and with
hands
Climbs ladders,
trees,
play ground
28
35. Egocentric, Tends to
be impatient and
selfish
Jealousy of siblings
may evident
Physically and
verbally aggressive
Demonstrates strong
attachment
for parents of opposite
35
37. Classifies objects
according to one
characteristics
Highly imaginative,
Concepts of time improving
especially in relation to
sequence of daily routine 37
41. Provide Blackboard, chalk,
paper , paste, scissors, clay ,
finger paints to stimulate
creativity
Sliding boards, swing,
blocks of all sizes , Tinker
toys to encourage motor
activity
41
43. Mrs. D. MelbaSahayaSweetyRN,RM
PhD Nursing , MSc Nursing (PediatricNursing),BScNursing
AssociateProfessor
Department of PediatricNursing
EnamNursing College,Savar,
Bangladesh.
43
44. PHYSICAL OR BIOLOGICAL
DEVELOPMENT
• WEIGHT:- Approximately 15.4 to 21.4 kg Has gained 2.27 kg
during the fifth year
• HEIGHT :- Approximately 113 -115 cm gained 8 cm in fifth
year.
• PULSE :- 95 + or – 15 (average 90 be/mt)
• RESPIRATION:- 22 + or – 3 per/mt
• BLOOD PRESSURE:- 100/60 + or – 14/10.
• HEAD SIZE :- Adult size nearly reached
• Anticipates immediate toilet needs.
44
46. GROSS MOTOR DEVELOPMENT
Imitates dance
steps if taught
Catches a ball
smoothly with
hands
Roller
skates
Balance on
one foot 8 to
10 seconds
46
47. FINE MOTOR
DEVELOPMENT
• Copies a
triangle
• Cross vertical
lines
• Copies letters;
May be able to
print own
name
• Draws a three
part man 47
48. SELF CARE ( FEEDING
SKILLS) & ( DRESSING
SKILLS)
• Selects fork over
spoon when
appropriate
• May be able
to lace shoes
• Manages
Zippers in
back
48
49. SELF CARE ( TOILETING AND
GROOMING SKILLS)
• Wipes self
independently
• Flushes toilet after
each use
• Bath self and
combs hair with
help
• Can blow nose
when asked 49
51. PSYCHOSOCIAL
DEVELOPMENT
SENSE OF INITIATIVE VS GUILT
Continues to be
egocentric
Separates easily from
parents
Has fantasies and day
dreaming
Independent and trust
worthy 51
52. PSYCHOSEXUAL
DEVELOPMENT
• PHALLIC STAGE (3-6 Years)
• INTUITIVE – PROJECTIVE FAITH
SPIRITUAL DEVELOPMENT
MORAL DEVELOPMENT
• PRE CONVENTIONAL MORALITY
• Stage 2 :-You do it for me ;
• I will do it for you
52
53. LANGUAGE
DEVELOPMENT
• RECEPTIVE
LANGUAGE
Carries out instruction with
three suggested task to wash,
dry, sit down.
• EXPRESSIVE
LANGUAGE
Names Primary colors.
Ask meaning of words
Count 1 to 10
Has a vocabulary of 2100 words 53
54. PLAY STIMULATION
• Play Competitive games
• Love to transport things in
trucks, Cars, Wagons
• Construction toys, paper
dolls, opportunities for
collecting nature
specimens for creativity
activity • Colour sets,books and p
54
55. PLAY STIMULATION
• See – Saw, jungle gym
, Slides , jump rope
and skates for motor
activity
• Color sets, books
and puzzles for
quiet play
55