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Group therapy
Group therapy involves two or more clients interacting with each other and a therapist to address psychological issues. It has roots in the early 1900s for treating tuberculosis patients, and was later used for soldiers in WWII and those seeking personal growth. The main goals are to help clients identify maladaptive behaviors, address emotional difficulties through feedback, and provide a supportive environment. Types include psychoeducational, counseling, and psychotherapy groups. Key therapeutic factors include universality, altruism, and developing social skills. Group composition and size, length of sessions, and the therapist's role are important considerations. Techniques incorporate cognitive, behavioral, role playing, and other creative approaches. Benefits include realizing one is not alone and gaining support and social skills,
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Group therapy
- 1. Group Therapy By Muhammad MusawarAli MPHIL, ICAP
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- 3. • Group psychotherapyis a treatment of psychological problem in which two or more patients/client interact with each other on both an emotional & cognitive levels in the presences of one or more psychotherapists who serve as catalysts (the person who can be related to or who can understand the other’s point of view), facilitators or interpreters.
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- 5. History of Groups •Originally found successful in treating patients with TB in the early 1900’s • Jacob L. Moreno introduced group therapy in counseling in 1920. • Later used during WW II for treating those with emotional reactions
- 6. • In 1946“T-groups” emerged, to enhances interpersonal relationship. It was the beginning of modern group work. • Encounter group- intended for “Normal Functioning” who wanted to grow. • Marathon group- breakdown barriers that individuals use. • The 1960 human potential movement “Founded on the belief that the most people only use a small percentage of their capability but that within a group experiences, they can recognize their full potential”.
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- 8. • Help Individuals IdentifyMaladaptive Behavior • Help with Emotional Difficulties through Feedback • Offer a Supportive Environment
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- 10. 1. Psychoeducational/ Guidancegroup 2. Counseling/Interpersonal Problem- Solving Groups 3. Psychotherapy Groups 4. Task/work Groups
- 11. Psychoeducational/ Guidance group • Thepurpose is to teach group participant how to deal with a potential threat (catching the flu), developmental life events (growing older) or immediate life crisis (death of love one) • Used in educational setting but frequently used in hospital, mental health center, or social service agencies.
- 12. Counseling/Interpersonal Problem- Solving Groups Thesegroups help participants resolve problems of living through interpersonal support and problem solving.
- 13. Psychotherapy Groups • Thesegroups focus on personality reconstruction or remediation of deep-seated psychological problems.
- 14. Task/work Groups • Agroup that comes together to perform a task that has a concrete goal (e.g. community organizations, committees, planning groups, task force).
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- 16. Stages Of GroupDevelopment
- 17. How we conduct grouptherapy?
- 18. Guidelines for grouptherapy • Maintain Confidentiality • Commitment to Attendance. • Socializing with Group Members • Putting Feelings into Words Not Actions. • Role of Leader and Members
- 19. Yalom’s Therapeutic Factors •Yalom (1995) defined therapeutic factors as "the actual mechanisms of effecting change in the patient“. • Yalom identified 11 factors that influence the processes of change and recovery among group therapy clients.
- 20. 11 Therapeutic Factors 1)Universality- feeling of having problems similar to others, not alone 2) Altruism - helping and supporting others 3) Instillation of hope - encouragement that recovery is possible 4) Guidance - nurturing support & assistance 5) Imparting information - teaching about problem and recovery 6) Developing social skills - learning new ways to talk about feelings, observations and concerns
- 21. Cont… 7) Interpersonal learning- finding out about themselves & others from the group 8) Cohesion - feeling of belonging to the group, valuing the group 9) Catharsis – release of emotional tension 10) Existential factors – life & death are realities 11) Imitative behavior – modeling another’s manners & recovery skills
- 22. Group Composition Homogenous groups Groupcomposed of patients of the same age, race, sex, socioeconomic level and similar of illness.
- 23. Group Composition Heterogeneous groups Groupvary on different clients age, race, sex, socioeconomic level and different category of illness.
- 24. Saima Noreen (08) M.PhilClinical Psychology
- 25. Concerns in GroupWork Group Size Group counseling and psychotherapy generally work best with 6-8 members. If group run as long as 6 months 10 people can be included.
- 26. Cont… Length and Durationof Sessions Group sessions range from 1-2 hours.
- 27. Cont… Group structure • open(allows members to enter and leave the group as needed) • closed (only the group members who started at the beginning are in the group at the end).
- 28. Purposes of therapistintervention • To help build an atmosphere of trust and safety. • To enforce rules and norms. • To provide feedback. • To get a member’s input, reaction or feedback. • To draw connections between members or point out themes. • To correct irrational or faulty thinking. • To empower participants. • To offer support when needed. • To reinforce helpful contributions. • To encourage constructive risk taking .
- 29. Functions of grouptherapy • Sharing experiences • Support to & from group member • Socialization • Imitation • International learning
- 30. Sharing experiences • Thishelp the client to realize that they are not isolated & that other also have similar experience & problem • Hearing from other client that they shared experiences is often more convincing & helpful then reassurance from the therapist.
- 31. Support to &from group member • The sharing action of being mutually supportive is an aspect of the group cohesiveness that can provide a sense of belonging for client feeling who feel isolated in their everyday lives.
- 32. Socialization • It isacquisition of social skill (E.g. maintaining eye contact) with in a group through comments that member about one another deficiencies in social skills. • This process can be helped by trying out new ways of interacting within the safety of the group.
- 33. Imitation • It islearning from observing & adopting the behaviors of other group members. • If the group is run well, client imitate the adaptive behaviors of other group members.
- 34. International learning It refersto learning about difficulties in relationships by examining the interaction of individuals with the other members of group.
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- 36. Roles of Therapist •An advisor • An advocate • A facilitator • A social policeman • A technician • An enabler
- 37. Techniques of grouptherapy Cognitive therapy Focus on irrational thoughts and beliefs of members and restructuring perceptions and beliefs by substitution of new effective thoughts and beliefs.
- 38. Cont… Behavioral therapy Behavior islearned so ineffective behavior can be unlearned and replaced by effective behavior.
- 39. Cont… Role play One memberof the group can portray someone in another group member's life to give the other member a chance at practicing how to communicate effectively.
- 40. Cont… Story Writing andSharing Members write a story about themselves and their lives and then read it aloud for the group to hear and discuss.
- 41. Cont… • Task orientedgroups To develop social skills ,interacting in a group home. • Therapeutic activity groups Wide array of art, music, dance, psychodrama and many other techniques having a defined therapeutic goal.
- 42. Areas That MayParticularly Benefit From A Group Therapy • Addiction • Anxiety • Depression • Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
- 43. Benefits of havingco-therapists • More expertise. • Allows for division of labor (e.g. one leader can concentrate on content and the other leader can look at process variables). • Group members receive more individual attention. • Two leaders can model communication and conflict resolution. • Two leaders provide diversity in theoretical orientation, interpersonal style, and cultural resources.
- 44. Limitations/dangers of co-therapists •If two leaders do not get along, it can be detrimental and even harmful to group • Co-leaders might develop competition between themselves and this too is not good for the group • If co-leaders have different skill levels, one might try to lead the other. This can lead to coalitions with other group members or even in the marginalization of the more inexperienced leader • Group members might feel ganged up on if both leaders become adamant in getting across a therapeutic message
- 45. Advantages • You realizeyou’re not alone. • Facilitates giving and receiving support. • Helps you find your “voice.” • Helps you relate to others (and yourself) in healthier ways. • Social Skills • Learn From Others Mistakes • Diversity of Opinions • It costs less
- 46. Disadvantages • Limited Privacy •Personality Clashing • Loss of trust • It strikes fear into some patients. • It doesn’t guarantee confidentiality. • Social Anxiety • Mourning A Loss
- 47. Conclusion • Group therapyplays a major role in rehabilitation of mentally ill client. • It gives an opportunity for immediate feedback. • It facilitates chance for therapist to observe the clients emotional and behavioral response towards variety of people. • Enhances clients communication, decision making and assertive skill.