The document discusses the history and development of the Internet. It describes how ARPANET, developed by the US Department of Defense, connected various research institutions and eventually evolved into today's Internet. It also explains some key Internet technologies like TCP/IP protocols, URLs, HTML, and popular applications such as the World Wide Web, email, file transfers, chat, and e-commerce. Issues like security threats, firewalls, and spam are also briefly mentioned.

1. The Internet
Chapter
VI?

2. The Internet is a worldwide collection of
interconnected networks.
Just how big the internet?
The Net, the internet’s nickname, links over a
million networks with even more internet host
server computers in every country in the world.
What is the
Internet?

3. Some Historical Perspective of the
Internet
A small group of computer scientist on both coasts of the
United States were busy creating a national network that
would enable the scientific community to share ideas over
communication links.
The Department of Defense’s Advance Research Project
Agency (ARPA) sponsored the
project, named, ARPANET, to unite a community of
geographically dispersed scientists by technology.
The first official demonstration linked UCLA with the
Stanford University, both in California but, this historic
event had no records ,photographs and reports.

4. By 1971, the ARPANET included more than 20
sites including Harvard.
By 1981, the ARPANET linked 200 sites.
ARPANET eventually lost its reason to exist as
other special-interest networks took its place.
In 1990, ARPANET was eliminated, leaving
behind a legacy of networks that evolved into the
internet.

5. The Transmission Control Protocol /
Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) are the
communications protocol that permits data
transmission over the internet.
Communications over the Net are built
around this two-layered protocol.
Protocol is a set of rules computers use to
talk to each other.

6. The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) sets the
rules for the packaging of information into packets.
The Internet Protocol (IP) handles the address,
such that each packet is routed to its proper
destination.

7. ♣ The Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is the
internet equivalent of an address.
♣ It gives those who make information available
over the internet a standard way to designate
where internet elements, such as server sites,
documents, files, newsgroups, and so on can be
found.
Ex.
http://www.rtu.edu.ph/rtu.php?cid=7/Careers6.html
URL: The Internet
Address

8. http://www.rtu.edu.ph/rtu.php?cid=7/Careers6.html
specifies access method.
This indicator tells your client software to expect an
http (hyperText Transport Protocol) file.
http is the primary access method for interacting the
internet.
Access
Method

9. http://www.rtu.edu.ph/rtu.php?cid=7/Careers6.html
Domain Name
 The Domain Name, which is a unique name that
identifies an internet host site, will always have at
least two parts, separated by dots (periods).
 The part to the right of the domain name is the most
general and the part on the left is the most specific.
Domain
Name

10. Domain Description
com Commercial
Organizations
edu Educational
Organizations
gov Government
Organizations
mil Military
Organizations
net Network service
providers or
network
resources
org Non-profit
organizations
Common country codes
Domain Description
au Australia
dk Denmark
fr France
jp Japan
Major Domain Name Types

11. http://www.rtu.edu.ph/rtu.php?cid=7/Careers6.html
Directory
o The Directory contains the resources for a particular topic.
Filename
http://www.rtu.edu.ph/rtu.php?cid=7/Careers6.html
Filename
o The specific filename of the file that is retrieved from the server
and sent to your pc over the internet.
Directory

12. o The HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is the
language used to compose and format most you see
when cruising the net.
Browsing is when browsers poke around the internet
with no particular destination in mind.
A ll the popular portals on the Net offer a menu tree
of categories, these includes Yahoo, Facebook,
Multiply, Google and others
Browsing
the Net

13. • An internal portals is always a good place to start.
These portal sites divide the wealth of resources on the
internet into about a dozen major categories (for ex.
Arts, business, computers, education, entertainment, h
ealth and so on)
• You may navigate through several levels of categories
before reaching the pages you want.
• Many pages have banner ads that entice us to click on
them and travel to totally unrelated site.

14. Search engine

15. Search Engine provides a resource discovery tool
to help you to find the information or service you
need.
The rules by which you enter the keywords and
phrases vary slightly between the search engines.
Using Search
Engine to
Search the Net

16. Read the search rules.
If you don’t get the results with one search
engine, try another.
The results of the search are seldom
exhausted .
Choose search words carefully.
Be persistent.

17. WWW: World Wide Web
 World Wide Web affectionately called the Web, is an
internet system that permits linking of multimedia
documents among servers on the internet
 By establishing a linked relationship between Web
documents, related information becomes easily
accessible
 These linked relationships are completely independent
of physical location.
Internet Applications:
The Web, FTP and
More

18. Attributes set Web servers apart from other
internet servers
User-friendly
Multimedia Documents
Hyperlinks
Interactive
Frames

19. The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) allows you
to download and upload files on the internet.
FTPing is a popular activity on the net.
You can download exciting games, colorful
art, music from up and coming artists and
applications programs basically anything that
can be stored digitally.
Many FTP sites invite users to contribute
(upload) files of their own.
FTP: Downloads
for the asking

20. Gopherspace is the home of thousands of
gopher servers throughout the world.
The Gopher system, which predates the
World Wide Web, was developed at the
University of Minnesota.
It is designed for distributing, searching, and
retrieving documents over the Internet
Gopherspace: Go-for
Information

21. Gopherspace was
released by Mark
McCahill, together with
his associates Farhad
Anklesaria, Paul
Lindner, Daniel Torrey,
and Bob Alberti

24. Telnet:
Remote
Login
Telnet refers to a class of internet
application programs that lets you log
onto a remote computer using the Telnet
communication protocol.
Telnet is a terminal emulation protocol
that allows you to work from a PC as if
it were a terminal linked directly to a
host computer.
Once online to one of these sites, you
can run a normal interactive session as
if you were sitting at an on-site
terminal.

26. TELNET :
REMOTE
LOGIN

27. hi hello Communicating with
People: E-
mail, Newsgroup
and Chat

28. Electronic mail, most
commonly referred to
as email or e-mail since 1993,
is a method of exchanging
digital messages from an author
to one or more recipients.
Modern email operates across
the Internet or other computer
networks.
E-mail sent to a particular
person can be “opened” and
read by that person.
E-mail
on the
Net

29. The attached file is routed to the
recipient’s e-mail server computer
along with the server.

30. A news group is the cyberspace
version of a bulletin board.
USENET is a worldwide
network of servers that can be
accessed over the internet.
“Newsgroups” is misnomer in
that you seldom find any real
news , they are mostly electronic
discussion groups.
Newsgroup :
Electronic
Bulletin
Boards

31. Newsgroups

32. The Internet Relay Chat (IRC) protocol allows user
to join and participate in group chat sessions.
A chat session is when two or more internet users
carry on a typed, real-time, online conversation.
Chatting is a favorite past time of millions of
cybernauts.
INTERNET RELAY
CHAT: CHIT-CHAT

33. INTERNET RELAY CHAT

34. E-commerce is simply conducting business online
and that , of course, means the electronic transfer
of money of plenty of opportunity for fraud and
theft.
Issues on
the Net

35. Firewall is software that is designed to
restrict access to an organizations network
or its intranet. The firewalls screens
electronic traffic in both directions so that
organizational security is maintained.
Spam is unsolicited junk e-mail , mostly
advertising for commercial products or
services.
Spammers or those who send spam
unsuspecting people with political
messages.