Introduction to computer along with operating system, peripheral devises, types, basic concepts and basic components that are necessary to make computer function. From Govt. Post Graduate College Chakwal by Sir Waqas-u-Din.

1. Lecture#6
Internet

2. Internet
• A network of networks, joining many
government, university and private computers
together and providing an infrastructure for
the use of E-mail and other services.
• The largest network of networks in the world.

3. • Services on Internet:
• Email
• Web
• Chat
• File Transfer
• Instant Messaging etc…

4. History of the Internet
How has the Internet grown?
Today
More than 150 million host nodes
1984
More than 1,000 host nodes
1969
Four host nodes

5. Evolution of the Internet
• The Internet originated as ARPANET in September
1969 and had two main goals:
5
Allow scientists at
different physical
locations to share
information and work
together
Function even if part of
the network were
disabled or destroyed
by a disaster

6. Evolution of the Internet
1969
ARPANET
becomes
functional
1984
ARPANET has
more than
1,000
individual
computers
linked as
hosts
1986 NSF
connects
NSFnet to
ARPANET and
becomes
known as the
Internet
1995 NSFNet
terminates
its network
on the
Internet and
resumes
status as
research
network
1996
Internet2 is
founded
Today More
than 550
million hosts
connect to
the Internet
6

7. Evolution of the Internet
• Many home and small business users connect to
the Internet via high-speed broadband Internet
service
Cable
Internet
service
DSL
Fiber to
the
Premises
(FTTP)
Fixed
wireless
Cellular
Radio
Network
Wi-Fi
Satellite
Internet
Service

8. Evolution of the Internet
• An access provider is a business that provides individuals
and organizations access to the Internet free or for a fee

9. Evolution of the Internet
ISP (Internet
service provider)
Regional ISPs
provide Internet
access to a specific
geographical area
National ISPs
provide Internet
access in cities and
towns nationwide
Online service
provider (OSP)
Has many members-
only features
Popular OSPs include
AOL (America
Online) and MSN
(Microsoft Network)
Wireless Internet
service provider
Provides wireless
Internet access to
computers and
mobile devices
May require a
wireless modem

10. Evolution of the Internet
• An IP address is a number that uniquely identifies each
computer or device connected to the Internet
• A domain name is the text version of an IP address
– Top-level domain (TLD)
• A DNS server translates the domain name into its
associated IP address

11. History of the Internet
Who controls the Internet?
• No onec—cit is a public, cooperative, and independent
network
• Several organizations set standards

12. High-speed
connection
Slow-speed
technology
How the Internet Works
How can you connect to the Internet?
p. 70 Next
Dial-up access
modem in your
computer uses a
standard telephone line
to connect to the Internet
Digital subscriber line (DSL),
cable telephone Internet
services (CATV), cable modem
provide connections using
regular copper telephone lines
Connection is always on—
whenever the computer
is running
Connection must be established
each time you log on.
Slow but inexpensive

13. The World Wide Web
p. 75
What is the World Wide Web (WWW)?
A worldwide collection of electronic documents
Each electronic document is called a Web page
Also called the Web
Can contain text, graphics, sound, video, and built-in connections
A Web site is a collection of related Web pages

14. The World Wide Web
What is a Web browser?
p. 75
Microsoft
Internet
Explorer
Netscape
Mozilla
• Program that allows you to view Web pages.
Google
Chrome
Safari Opera

15. The World Wide Web
What is a home page?
• The first page that a Web site presents
• Often provides connections to other Web pages

16. The World Wide Web
What is downloading?
• The process of a computer receiving information
• Depending upon connection speed, downloading can take
from a few seconds to several minutes

17. The World Wide Web
What is a URL?
Unique address for a Web page
• A web server delivers the Web page to your computer

19. The World Wide Web
• Tabbed browsing allows you to open and view multiple
Web pages in a single Web browser window

20. The World Wide Web
What is a hyperlink (link)?
 Item found elsewhere on same Web
page
 Different Web page at same Web site
 Web page at a different Web site
 Built-in connection to another related
Web page location

21. The World Wide Web
What is a search Engine?
• Program used to find Web sites and
Web pages by entering words or
phrases in it.
• These words or phrases called search
text

22. The World Wide Web
What is a hit?
• Any Web site name that is listed as the result of a search

23. The World Wide Web
• There are thirteen types of Web sites
23
Portal News Informational Business/Marketing
Blog Wiki Online Social
Network
Educational

24. The World Wide Web
Entertainment Advocacy Web
Application
Content
Aggregator
Personal
24

25. The World Wide Web
What is a portal?
A Web site that offers a variety of services from one, convenient
location, usually for free
• Searching, sports, e-mail,
news, weather, auctions,
Web communities
(Web sites that join
people with similar
interests)

26. The World Wide Web
What is a news Web site?
p. 82 Fig. 2-13b
• Contains newsworthy material
• Stories and articles relating to current events, life,
money, sports, and weather

27. The World Wide Web
What is an informational Web site?
• Contains factual information
• Created by organizations and government agencies

28. The World Wide Web
What is a business/marketing Web site?
• Contains content that promotes products
• Allows you to purchase products or services online

29. The World Wide Web
What is an educational Web site?
 Some companies
offer online training
for employees
 Some colleges offer
online classes and
degrees
 Offers avenues for formal and informal teaching
and learning

30. The World Wide Web
What is an entertainment Web site?
 Offers an interactive environment featuring music,
video, sports, games, and more

31. The World Wide Web
What is an advocacy Web site?
 Contains content that describes a cause, opinion,
or idea

32. The World Wide Web
• What is an Social Network Web site?
• A Web site that provides a virtual community for people
interested in a particular subject, to simply interact
together or to increase their circle of friends such as
Facebook, MySpace and LinkedIn.

33. The World Wide Web
Wiki
• A wiki is a website whose users can add, modify, or delete its
content via a web browser using a simplified markup
language or a rich-text editor

34. The World Wide Web
• Blog: A Web site on which an individual or group of
users gives opinions, information, etc. on a regular
basis.

35. The World Wide Web
What is a personal Web site?
 Web page maintained by private individual
 Reasons: sharing life experience with the world
or job hunting

36. The World Wide Web
• A web application is an application that is accessed over a
network such as the Internet or an intranet .The term may
also mean a computer software application that is coded in a
browser-supported language. Web application is executable in
browsers.

37. The World Wide Web
• Multimedia refers to any application that
combines text with:

38. The World Wide Web
• A graphic is a digital
representation of
nontext information
• Graphic formats include
BMP, GIF, JPEG, PNG,
and TIFF

39. The World Wide Web
• A thumbnail is a small
version of a larger
graphic

40. The World Wide Web
• Animation is the appearance of motion created
by displaying a series of still images in sequence

41. The World Wide Web
• Audio includes music, speech, or any other sound
– Compressed to reduce file size
• You listen to audio on your computer using a player
• Streaming is the process of transferring data in a
continuous and even flow
41

42. The World Wide Web
• Video consists of images displayed in motion

43. The World Wide Web
• A plug-in is a program that extends the capability
of a Web browser

44. E-Commerce
• E-commerce is a business transaction that occurs
over an electronic network
– M-commerce identifies e-commerce that takes place
using mobile devices
• Also called Online Shopping.

45. E-Commerce
E-commerce
Business-
to-
consumer
(B2C)
Consumer-
to-
consumer
(C2C)
Business-
to-
business
(B2B)

46. Other Internet Services
What is e-mail?
 Short for electronic mail
 The transmission of messages and files via a computer
network
 Messages can consist of simple text or can contain attachments,
such as documents, graphics, or audio/video clips
 Internet access providers usually provide an e-mail program
 Some Web sites—such as MSN Hotmail and Yahoo!—provide
free e-mail services
 One of the original services on the Internet

47. Other Internet Services
What is an e-mail address?
 Unique name that consists of a user name and domain
name that identifies the user

48. Other Internet Services
Protocol: A standard set of rules, regulations and
requirements that allow two electronic devices to connect
to and exchange information with one another.
 FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is an Internet standard that
permits file uploading and downloading with other
computers on the Internet
 Many operating systems include FTP capabilities
 An FTP server is a computer that allows users to upload
and/or download files using FTP

49. Other Internet Services
Telnet
• Telnet is a protocol that allows you to connect
to remote computers (called hosts) over a
network (such as the Internet).

50. Other Internet Services
What is a mailing list?
 Group of e-mail addresses given a single name
 When a message is sent to the mailing list, everyone on the
list receives the message
 To add your name to a mailing list you must subscribe to it;
to remove your name you must unsubscribe

51. Other Internet Services
What is a chat?
 Real-time typed conversation that takes place on
a computer
 Chat room is location on server
that permits users to discuss
topics of interest
 Instant messaging (IM) is a
real-time Internet
communications service

52. Other Internet Services
• VoIP (Voice over IP)
enables users to speak
to other users over the
Internet
– Also called Internet
telephony