Greenhouse a building made mainly of glass, with heat & humidity regulated for growing plants. The atmosphere acts like a glass in a greenhouse.
Atmosphere, like glass absorbs some of the long wave radiation emitted by earth and radiates the energy back to earth. In this way temperature of earth is maintained.
The atmosphere surrounding the earth in this manner plays a vital role in maintaining an even temperature on the earth’s surface.
A greenhouse is that body which allows the short wavelength incoming solar radiation to come in, but does not allow the long wave outgoing terrestrial infrared radiation to escape.
Environmental science Module 2 Topic. This PPT is not a work of mine and was provided by our college professor during our graduation, so I am not sure about the original author. The credit goes to the Original author.
The greenhouse effect is a process that occurs when gases in Earth's atmosphere trap the Sun's heat to make the earth surface warmer leading to global warming.
Greenhouse a building made mainly of glass, with heat & humidity regulated for growing plants. The atmosphere acts like a glass in a greenhouse.
Atmosphere, like glass absorbs some of the long wave radiation emitted by earth and radiates the energy back to earth. In this way temperature of earth is maintained.
The atmosphere surrounding the earth in this manner plays a vital role in maintaining an even temperature on the earth’s surface.
A greenhouse is that body which allows the short wavelength incoming solar radiation to come in, but does not allow the long wave outgoing terrestrial infrared radiation to escape.
Environmental science Module 2 Topic. This PPT is not a work of mine and was provided by our college professor during our graduation, so I am not sure about the original author. The credit goes to the Original author.
The greenhouse effect is a process that occurs when gases in Earth's atmosphere trap the Sun's heat to make the earth surface warmer leading to global warming.
Smog is a kind of intense air pollution, originally named for the mixture of smoke and fog in the air. Major cities around the world are experiencing the effects of air pollution.
seminar on environmental issues, air pollution and controlsRahul Dubey
Today, large population pressure is exerting tremendous pressure on our natural resources. Pollution has led to an increase in the average temperature of our planet and threatens existence of life on earth.
Ozone Layer Depletion, Greenhouse Effect & Global WarmingNeetha Joseph
This is a presentation regarding some of those little threats our Earth is going through....The presentation is made interesting with a wide range of pictures, illustrations and animations...Please download to see the animated slideshow...Hope this comes of help to you!
This presentation includes the introduction to global warming and its hazardous impacts on the earth. It covers the effects of global warming on irrigation engineering as well.
Best Regards:
Engr. Muhammad Ali Rehman
Smog is a kind of intense air pollution, originally named for the mixture of smoke and fog in the air. Major cities around the world are experiencing the effects of air pollution.
seminar on environmental issues, air pollution and controlsRahul Dubey
Today, large population pressure is exerting tremendous pressure on our natural resources. Pollution has led to an increase in the average temperature of our planet and threatens existence of life on earth.
Ozone Layer Depletion, Greenhouse Effect & Global WarmingNeetha Joseph
This is a presentation regarding some of those little threats our Earth is going through....The presentation is made interesting with a wide range of pictures, illustrations and animations...Please download to see the animated slideshow...Hope this comes of help to you!
This presentation includes the introduction to global warming and its hazardous impacts on the earth. It covers the effects of global warming on irrigation engineering as well.
Best Regards:
Engr. Muhammad Ali Rehman
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The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
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This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
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Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
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Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
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1. GREEN HOUSE EFFECT AND
OZONE DEPLETION
Presented by
M.Shravan Kumar Reddy.
M.Sc. Agronomy 1st year
RAM /2016-03.
2. • When we discuss about the Green house
effect we need to know the following things .
• What is Green House Effect ?& process.
• What are the causes of green house effect ?
• What are the consequences of green house
effect?
• Can we control the green house effect?
3. GREEN HOUSE EFFECT
• The greenhouse effect is a natural process
that warms the Earth’s surface. When the
Sun’s energy reaches the Earth’s atmosphere,
some of it is reflected back to space and the
rest is absorbed and re-radiated by
greenhouse gases.
• The greenhouse effect is the process by which
radiation from a planet's atmosphere warms
the planet's surface to a temperature above
what it would be without its atmosphere
4. HOW GHE IS USEFUL???
• Without green house effect we can not
survive in the planet earth bacause ,,
• The absorbed energy warms the atmosphere
and the surface of the Earth. This process
maintains the Earth’s temperature at around
33 degrees Celsius warmer than it would
otherwise be, allowing life on Earth to exist.
5. • Without greenhouse gases, the average
temperature of Earth's surface would be about
−18 °C (0 °F), rather than the present average of
15 °C
• Green house gases
• Greenhouse gases include carbon dioxide,
methane, nitrous oxide, ozone and some
artificial chemicals such as chlorofluorocarbons
(CFCs).
.
6.
7. Greenhouse effect
• Step 1: Solar radiation reaches the Earth's atmosphere -
some of this is reflected back into space.
• Step 2: The rest of the sun's energy is absorbed by the
land and the oceans, heating the Earth.
• Step 3: Heat radiates from Earth towards space.
• Step 4: Some of this heat is trapped by greenhouse
gases in the atmosphere, keeping the Earth warm
enough to sustain life.
• Step 5: Human activities such as burning fossil fuels,
agriculture and land clearing are increasing the amount
of greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere.
• Step 6: This is trapping extra heat, and causing the
Earth's temperature to rise.
8. Causes of green house effect
Green House gases : Includes CO2 ,CH4,O3, NO ,NO2
and CFC etc…. Though green house gases are helpful to
maintain atmosphere temparature but increased
amounts over optimum is not at al usefull…
Contribution of clouds to Earth's greenhouse effect
The major non-gas contributor to Earth's greenhouse
effect, clouds, also absorb and emit infrared radiation
and thus have an effect on radiative properties of the
greenhouse gases.
9. Compound Formula
Concentration in
atmosphere[ (ppm
)
Contribution
(%)
Water vapor and
clouds
H2O 10–50,000 36–72%
Carbon dioxide CO2 ~400 9–26%
Methane CH4 ~1.8 4–9%
Ozone O3 2–8 3–7%
10.
11.
12. • Anthropogenic factors:
• This includes the man made processes like Burning
of fossil fuels and deforestation , paddy cultivation ,
use of GH gases like CFC and halons in refrigiration
and fire suppression systems , and indiscriminate
use of fertilizers mostly N fertilizers ,etc…leads to
increased GHE.
13.
14.
15. Enhanced green house effect
• The problem we now face is that human activities
– particularly burning fossil fuels (coal, oil and
natural gas), agriculture and land clearing – are
increasing the concentrations of greenhouse
gases. This is the enhanced greenhouse effect,
which is contributing to warming of the Earth.
• Enhanced green house effect lead to
GLOBAL WARMING.
16. Consequences of greenhouse-effect
• The effects due to GHE include:
• More drought and more flooding
• Less ice and snow
• More extreme weather incidents
• Rising sea level.
17. More drought and more flooding
• When the weather gets warmer, evaporation from both
land and sea increases. This can cause drought in areas of
the world where the increased evaporation is not
compensated for by more precipitation.
• In some regions of the world this will result in crop failure
and famine especially in areas where temperatures are
already high. The extra water vapour in the atmosphere
will fall again as extra rain, which can cause flooding in
other places in the world.
18. Less ice and snow
• Worldwide, glaciers are shrinking rapidly at
present. Ice appears to be melting faster than
previously estimated. In areas that are dependent
on melt water from mountain areas, this can
cause drought and lead to lack of water supply.
• According to the IPCC, up to a sixth of the world's
population lives in areas that will be affected by
melt water reduction.
20. More extreme weather incidents
• The warmer climate will probably cause
more heatwaves, more violent rainfall and
also an increase in the number and/or
severity of storms.
21.
22. Rising sea level
• Sea level rises because of melting ice and snow and
because of the thermal expansion of the sea (water
expands when warmed). Areas that are just above sea
level now, may become submerged.
• In countries with large areas of coastal lowland there will
be a dual risk of river floods and coastal flooding, which
will reduce the area for living and working.
• The increase in standing water may allow more insects
like mosquitoes and diseases spread by insects, such as
Lyme’s disease.
23. What evidence is there that the Earth’s
climate is changing?
According to IPCC
• Widespread decreases in glaciers and ice
caps have contributed to sea level rise.
• Increased sea levels :. Since 1961 the average
rate has been 1.8 mm per year but since 1993 this
has increased to 3.1 mm per year
• Increasing the temparatures over the years
passes
• It has been estimated that now at present around 2
degrees more temparature due to GHE.
24.
25. • Increased amount of water vapour in the
atmosphere :
• This is because of the fact that warmer air can hold
more water than colder air. This is in turn increase in
air temparature is due to GHE.
30. Ways to Reduce Greenhouse Gases
• Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
Buying products with minimal packaging will help
to reduce waste. By recycling half of your
household waste, you can save 2,400 pounds of
carbon dioxide annually.
• Use Less Heat and Air Conditioning
Adding insulation to your walls and installing
weather stripping or caulking around doors and
windows can lower your heating costs more than
25 percent, by reducing the amount of energy
you need to heat and cool your home.
31. • Replace Your Light Bulbs
Wherever practical, replace regular light bulbs with
compact florescent light (CFL) bulbs.
• Drive Less and Drive Smart
Less driving means fewer emissions. Besides saving
gasoline, walking and biking are great forms of exercise.
.
• Buy Energy-Efficient Products
Home appliances now come in a range of energy-
efficient models, and compact florescent bulbs are
designed to provide more natural-looking light while
using far less energy than standard light bulbs.
32. • Use Less Hot Water
Set your water heater at 120 degrees to save energy, and wrap
it in an insulating blanket if it is more than 15 years old. Buy
low-flow showerheads to save hot water and about 350 pounds
of carbon dioxide yearly.
• Use the "Off" Switch
Save electricity and reduce global warming by turning off lights
when you leave a room, And remember to turn off your
television, stereo and computer when you're not using them.
turn off the water when you’re not using it. While brushing
your teeth, shampooing the dog or washing your car, turn off
the water until you actually need it for rinsing.
• Plant a Tree
Trees absorb carbon dioxide and give off oxygen. A single tree
will absorb approximately one ton of carbon dioxide during its
life
33. • Encourage Others to Conserve
• This is last but not least ….this is most important .because we can
control the green house effect all in the society put their efforts ..its
not possible to control by an individual
• So share information about recycling and energy conservation with
your friends, neighbors and co-workers, and take opportunities to
encourage public officials to establish programs and policies that are
good for the environment.
36. What is Ozone Depletion?
• ozone layer depletion, is simply the wearing
out (reduction) of the amount of ozone in the
stratosphere
37.
38.
39. Why Ozone Layer is Necessary?
• It is necessary because An essential property of ozone
molecule is its ability to block solar radiations of wavelengths
less than 290 nanometers from reaching Earth’s surface. In
this process, it also absorbs ultraviolet radiations that are
dangerous for most living beings. UV radiation could injure
or kill life on Earth.
• For humans, excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation leads
to higher risks of cancer (especially skin cancer) and cataracts.
It is calculated that every 1 percent decrease in ozone layer
results in a 2-5 percent increase in the occurrence of skin
cancer. Other ill-effects of the reduction of protective ozone
layer include – increase in the incidence of cataracts,
sunburns and suppression of the immune system.
40.
41. The Impacts of Ozone Depletion
• Harm to human health:
• More skin cancers, sunburns and premature aging of
the skin.
• More cataracts, blindness and other eye diseases: UV
radiation can damage several parts of the eye,
including the lens, cornea, retina and conjunctiva.
• Weakening of the human immune system
(immunosuppression). Early findings suggest that too
much UV radiation can suppress the human immune
system, which may play a role in the development of
skin cancer.
42.
43.
44. • Adverse impacts on agriculture, forestry and natural
ecosystems:
• Most of the crops are senisitive to increased UV, resulting
in reduced growth, photosynthesis and flowering. These
species include wheat, rice, barley, oats, corn, soybeans,
peas, tomatoes, cucumbers, cauliflower, broccoli and
carrots.
• Only a few commercially important trees have been
tested for UV (UV-B) sensitivity, but early results suggest
that plant growth, especially in seedlings, is harmed by
more intense UV radiation.
45. • Damage to marine life:
• In particular, plankton (tiny organisms in
the surface layer of oceans) are threatened
by increased UV radiation. Plankton are the
first vital step in aquatic food chains.
• Loss of biodiversity in our oceans, rivers
and lakes could reduce fish yields for
commercial and sport fisheries.
46. • Animals:
• In domestic animals, UV overexposure may cause
eye and skin cancers.
• Materials:
• Wood, plastic, rubber, fabrics and many construction
materials are degraded by UV radiation.
• The economic impact of replacing and/or protecting
materials could be significant.
47. Causes of depletion of ozone layer
• Natural causes of depletion of ozone layer: Ozone layer has
been found to be affected by certain natural
phenomena such as Sun-spots and stratospheric winds.
This is not more than 1-2%
• Man-made causes of depletion of ozone layer: The
main cause for the depletion is excessive release of
chlorine and bromine from man-made compounds such
as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), halons, CH3CCl3 (Methyl
chloroform), CCl4 (Carbon tetrachloride), HCFCs ,HBFCs
and methyl bromide are found to have direct impact on
the depletion of the ozone layer. These are categorized
as ozone-depleting substances (ODS).
48.
49. Main Ozone Depleting Substances (OCD)
• Chlorofluorocarbons: Account for more than
80% of ozone depletion. Used in freezers, air
cooling component, dry-cleaning agents,
hospital sterilants.
• Methyl Chloroform: Used for vapour
degreasing, some aerosols, cold cleaning,
adhesives and chemical processing.
• Hydrochlorofluorocarbons: Substitutes for
CFC’s but still play a vital role in ozone
depletion.
• Carbon Tetrachloride: Mainly used in fire
extinguisher
50. • Chlorofluorocarbons are released into the atmosphere
due to:
• Cleaning Agents
• Coolants in refrigerators
• Packing material
• Air conditioning
• Aerosol spray cans etc
51.
52.
53. • Measures to Protect Ozone Layer
Depletion:
The use of plastic should be banned in the country.
The production and use of CFCs should be banned.
The use of CFCs in aerosol, spray cans, egg crates etc.
should be banned and their substitutes should be
used.
New technologies should be adopted to recapture
the CFCs released from the air-conditioners and
refrigerators.
Limit private vehicle driving
54. • Use eco-friendly household cleaning products
• Reduce the use of pesticides
• Developing stringent regulations for rocket
launches
• Banning the use of dangerous nitrous oxide.