The document discusses the greenhouse effect and global warming. It explains that increased concentrations of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere trap heat near the Earth's surface, causing the planet to warm. Carbon dioxide levels have risen from 275 parts per million 100 years ago to 375 parts per million in 2007 and are projected to reach 450 parts per million by 2040. The major sources of greenhouse gases are fossil fuel combustion, agriculture, deforestation, and industry. The effects of global warming include rising sea levels, worsening health impacts, and disruption of natural systems.

1. Green house effect
 Meaning: Progressive warming up of the earth surface due
to high concentration of manmade carbon dioxide in the
atmosphere.
 Concentration of CO₂ works like a glass panel of
greenhouse allowing short wave incoming solar radiation
to come in but preventing the long wave heat to re-radiated
out.
 The natural outcome is warmer atmosphere -
 100 years ago CO ₂ - 275ppm
 In the year 2007 - 375ppm
 In the year 2040 - 450ppm

2. Picture presentation of Green
house effect

3. The major green house gases
 The gases with the properties of greenhouse are known as green
house gases.
 Some gases in earth’s atmosphere for example, water (H2O),
carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O)
have a very special property .They do not absorb the visible light
from the sun, but they do absorb the infrared light radiated by
the Earth's surface. These are called "greenhouse gases" .
 Carbon dioxide.
 Halogen gases like Chlorofluorocarbons,
 nitrogen oxide ,
 methane etc.

4. Gas type responsible
64
19
11
6
0.4
percentage
co₂
methane
CFC
N₂O
others

5. Sources of greenhouse gases
1. Thermal power stations based on fossil fuels, mainly coal
and mineral oil emitting huge amount of CO₂.
2. Numerous factories and industrial chimney wastes
3. Automobiles
4. Deforestation and burning of fossil fuels.

6. Sources of activity
49
13
14
24
Percentage
Fossil
Agriculture
Deforestation
Industry

7. Effects of Greenhouse effect
1. global warming and climate change.
2. Rise of sea level
3. Worsening health effects
4. Disruption of the water cycle
5. Changing forest and natural areas
6. Challenges to agriculture and the food supply
7. Effect on the ozone layer
8. Effect on oceanic climate

8. Some examples

9. Country specific carbon emission
Percentage
USA
CHINA
EAST EUROPE
WEST EUROPE
INDIA
JAPAN
S.AFRICA
ALL OTHERS

10. Control of Greenhouse Effect
 Alternate sources of energy are to be used
 Advanced and efficient technologies for reducing
emissions from fossil fuels.
 Afforestation and reforestation on a large scale
 Water logging should be avoided
 Reduction of the use of CFC
 Carbon market

11. Option for reducing Co₂
Carbon Management
 Dr. Klaus and his synthetic trees
 John H Martins theory of phytoplankton growth in
ocean
 Injection of Co₂ into underground strata or deep ocean
water

12. Global warming and Climate
change
 The Sun's surface, which has an average
temperature of 10,000 degrees Fahrenheit (5810
degrees Kelvin), primarily radiates visible light.
 The surface of the Earth has an average
temperature of 60 degrees Fahrenheit (288 degrees
Kelvin), so it radiates in the infrared part of the
spectrum.
 The temperature of an object is determined by a
balance between incoming and outgoing energy.

13.  For the Earth, the incoming energy is the absorbed light
from the Sun, and the outgoing energy is the infrared light
the Earth radiates out to space.
 Due to the greenhouse effect the earth could not radiate
the total heat and thus make life possible.
 Global warming is also happening because the blanket of
GHG are becoming thicker.

14. Consequences
 As a result change of climate has occurred which threats
the sustainability of life. The consequences are as follows -:
 Melting of polar ice caps and glaciers along with thermal
expansion of water.
 More droughts and floods.
 More terrible storms.
 Many more hot days.
 More diseases like malaria and dengue
 Impacts of ecosystem would change the crop production
potential of a region specially Asia, Africa, South and
Central America.

15. Cont..
 Forests may disappear and reduction of biodiversity.
 Billions of people will be affected by problems of drinking
water supply, sanitation, and drought.
 Projected rise of sea level is between 9 cm to 29 cm by
2029 and 96 cm by 2090. The South Asian region with ⅙
of the world population will suffer greatly.
 Increase in heat stress mortality and diseases.

16. Who is responsible ?
 Affluent and rich countries are responsible for
changes of climate.
 Global energy consumption and CO₂ emissions
have increased 3 times between 1950 – 85.
 In 1990 out of 21 billion tons of global emissions, 14
billion tons are emitted by rich countries.
 US alone emitted 5 billion tons of carbon.
 India emits 159 million tons.