The Telegraph Act of 1885 established the legal framework for telegraph services in India. It granted the central government exclusive authority to establish, maintain, and operate telegraphs. It defined key terms like "telegraph" and established rules regarding the placement of telegraph lines. It also outlined offenses related to unauthorized access and interference with telegraphs, making such acts punishable by fines or imprisonment. The act aimed to facilitate reliable telegraph services while protecting telecommunications infrastructure and enforcing government control over this critical communications technology.
This presentation on The RTI Act 2005 is for general understanding of the netizens. The act was enacted to upheld Transparency & Accountability in Public offices.
This presentation on The RTI Act 2005 is for general understanding of the netizens. The act was enacted to upheld Transparency & Accountability in Public offices.
The Official Secrets Act 1923 is India's anti-espionage act. According to the act, actions which involve helping an enemy state against India are strongly condemned.
This presentation on The Press Council Act, 1978 shall be helpful to management, media, law students and public at large and help understand basics of laws related to Media.
While Freedom of Speech and Expression is a fundamental right in India, of equal concern is a need to protect the authority and sanctity of Judiciary and the Parliament so as to afford them requisite space to perform their assigned roles. Hence the relevance of this topic.
RIGHT TO INFORMATION ACT 2005 ,FULL THEORY-MANPREET SINGH (B.COM)MANPREETSINGHPANESAR1
Right to information act 2005, all theory considered features ,merits ,demerits and functions etc.in briefly explained in this content . thanks for viewing this topic and do not forget to hit the like button ....
The Official Secrets Act 1923 is India's anti-espionage act. According to the act, actions which involve helping an enemy state against India are strongly condemned.
This presentation on The Press Council Act, 1978 shall be helpful to management, media, law students and public at large and help understand basics of laws related to Media.
While Freedom of Speech and Expression is a fundamental right in India, of equal concern is a need to protect the authority and sanctity of Judiciary and the Parliament so as to afford them requisite space to perform their assigned roles. Hence the relevance of this topic.
RIGHT TO INFORMATION ACT 2005 ,FULL THEORY-MANPREET SINGH (B.COM)MANPREETSINGHPANESAR1
Right to information act 2005, all theory considered features ,merits ,demerits and functions etc.in briefly explained in this content . thanks for viewing this topic and do not forget to hit the like button ....
Industry Analysis on Telecom Industry
In early 1881, Oriental Telephone Company Limited of England opened telephone exchanges at Calcutta (Kolkata), Bombay (Mumbai), Madras (Chennai) and Ahmedabad.
On the 28th January 1882 the first formal telephone service was established with a total of 93 subscribers.
From the year 1902 India drastically changes from cable telegraph to wireless telegraph, radio telegraph, radio telephone, trunk dialing.
In the year 1975 Department of Telecom (DoT) was responsible for telecom services in entire country after separation from Indian Post & Telecommunication.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
2. •The Act amends the law relating to telegraphs in India
•It came in force in 1 st of October ,1885.
1)telegraph" means any appliance or apparatus used for transmission or
reception of signs, signals, writing images and sounds of electric or
magnetic nature by wires.
2) "telegraph officer" means any person employed either permanently or
temporarily in connection with a telegraph established, maintained or
worked by the Central Government.
3) "telegraph line" means wires used for the purpose of a telegraph, with
any casing, coating, tube or pipe enclosing the same.
4) post" means a post, pole, standard,or other above ground contrivance
for carrying, suspending or supporting a telegraph line
5) "telegraph authority" means the Director General of Posts and
Telegraphs, and includes any officer empowered by him to perform all of
the functions of the telegraph authority under this Act;
6) "local authority" means any municipal committee, district board, body
of port commissioner or other authority legally entitled to, or entrusted
by" the Central or any State Government] with, the control, management
of any municipal or local fund.
3. Sec 4 -Within India, the Central Government shall have exclusive privilege
of establishing, maintaining and working telegraphs.If the govt thinks fit it
may grant license to any person to establish, maintain or work a telegraph
within any part of India.
Sec 5(1)On the occurrence of any public emergency or in the interest
of public safety ,the central Government may take temporary
possession of any telegraph established maintained or worked by any
person licensed under this act.
(2)On the occurrence of any public emergency or in the intrest of
public safety,sovereignty and integrity of india, the secuirity of the
state ,friendly relations with foreign states or public order or for
preventing incitement to the commission of an offence,the central
government for reasons to be recorded in writing order interception
,detention or disclosure of any message for transmission by
telegraph.
4. Sec -7 -The Central Government may, from time to time, by
notification in the Official Gazette, make rules for the conduct of all
or any telegraphs established, maintained or worked by the
Government
The Central Government may, at any time, revoke any license
granted under section 4, on the breach of any of the conditions
therein contained, or in default of payment of any consideration
payable there under.
5. Sec -9 The Government shall not be responsible for any loss or
damage which may occur in consequence of any telegraph
officer failing in his duty with respect to the receipt,
transmission or delivery of any message; and no such officer
shall be responsible for any such loss or damage, unless he
causes the same negligently, maliciously or fraudulently
Sec -10 -The telegraph authority may, from time to time, place
and maintain a telegraph line under, over, along, or across, and
posts in or upon any immovable property
6. Sec -11- The telegraph authority may, at any time, for the purpose of
examining, repairing, altering or removing any telegraph line or post,
enter on the property under, over, along, across, in or upon which the
line or post has been placed.
Sec -20 -If any person establishes, maintains or works a
telegraph in contravention of the provisions of section 4 , he
shall be punished with imprisonment which may extend to
three years, or with fine which may extend to rs.1000 or with
both.
7. Sec(23)If any person –
(a)without permission or competent authority enters the signal
room of a telegraph office of the government
(b)enters a fenced enclosure round such a telegraph office in
contravention of any rule or notice to do so
(c) refuses to quit such room or enclosure on being requested to do
so by any officer or servant employed therein
(d)willfully obstructs or impedes any such officer or servant in the
performance of his duty
Shall be punished with fine which may extend to Rs. 500.
Sec (24)If any person does any of the acts mentioned in sec 23 with
the intention of unlawfully learning the contents of any message
,or of committing any offence punishable under this act ,he may in
addition to the fine with which he is punishable under sec 23 be
punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to one
year.
8. Sec (25)If any person intending –
To prevent or obstruct the transmission or delivery of any
message or
To intercept ,or to acquaint himself with the contents of the
message
To commit mischief
Damages ,removes,tampers with or touches any battery
,machinery ,telegraph lines ,post or other things what so ever
of any telegraph ,he shall be punished with imprisonment for
a term which may extend to 3 yrs ,or with fine or both.
9. Sec (26)If any telegraph officer ,or any person not being a telegraph
officer but having official duties connected with any office which is
used as a telegraph office –
•Willfully secrets,makes away with or alters any message which he
has received for transmission or
•omits or intercepts or detain any message or discloses the contents
of any message to any person not entitled to receive the same or
•Divulges the purport of any telegraphic signal to any person not
entitled to become acquainted with the same ,he shall be punished
with imprisonment for a term which may extend to 3 yrs or with fine
or both.
![•The Act amends the law relating to telegraphs in India
•It came in force in 1 st of October ,1885.
1)telegraph" means any appliance or apparatus used for transmission or
reception of signs, signals, writing images and sounds of electric or
magnetic nature by wires.
2) "telegraph officer" means any person employed either permanently or
temporarily in connection with a telegraph established, maintained or
worked by the Central Government.
3) "telegraph line" means wires used for the purpose of a telegraph, with
any casing, coating, tube or pipe enclosing the same.
4) post" means a post, pole, standard,or other above ground contrivance
for carrying, suspending or supporting a telegraph line
5) "telegraph authority" means the Director General of Posts and
Telegraphs, and includes any officer empowered by him to perform all of
the functions of the telegraph authority under this Act;
6) "local authority" means any municipal committee, district board, body
of port commissioner or other authority legally entitled to, or entrusted
by" the Central or any State Government] with, the control, management
of any municipal or local fund.](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)