Greek battles part i
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The document discusses the traditional battle formations used in ancient warfare and the development of the hoplite phalanx formation by the Greeks in 650 BCE. It describes how the Greeks trained soldiers to fight shoulder to shoulder in tight lines, using their shields to protect each other. This allowed them to march forward together effectively. It also discusses how discipline and training were needed to maintain the formation's integrity under pressure. The hoplite phalanx helped Greece fight off the Persians during battles in the Persian Wars in the early 5th century BCE, including Marathon, Thermopylae, Salamis, and Plataea.
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Greece military battles
The document summarizes hoplites and the phalanx formation used in ancient Greece during the Persian Wars of the 5th century BCE. It describes the armor and training of hoplites, allowing them to fight in tight, overlapping formations called phalanxes that provided protection from spears and arrows. The phalanx formation marched forward as a unified wall of shields. It then briefly outlines some of the key battles between Greece and Persia, including Marathon, Thermopylae, Salamis, and Plataea, where the phalanx formation and Greek naval forces proved effective against the Persian invaders.
Persian Wars Overview
The Persian Wars were a series of conflicts between the Persian Empire and Greek city-states that resulted in a Greek victory. There were several key battles: at Marathon in 490 BC the Greeks defeated the Persians in a land battle; at Thermopylae and Artemisium in 480 BC the Greeks held off the massive Persian invasion force for several days; in 480 BC the Greeks destroyed much of the Persian navy in a decisive victory at Salamis; and finally in 479 BC the Greeks defeated the Persians in land battles at Plataea and Mycale, ending the Persian threat to Greece.
The persian wars
The document summarizes the Persian Wars between Greece and Persia in the 5th century BC. It describes how Persia conquered Greek colonies in Asia Minor and how Athens sent troops to support a revolt against Persian rule. This led to battles such as Marathon, where Athens defeated a larger Persian force, and Thermopylae, where Spartan forces held off the Persians before being outflanked. It then discusses how Persia burned Athens in retaliation before being defeated at the naval Battle of Salamis. The wars concluded with a Greek victory over Persia at the Battle of Plataea, ending Persia's attempts to conquer Greece.
Thermopylae & Artemesium
The Greeks engaged the larger Persian navy at the Battle of Artemisium in 480 BCE to stall the Persian invasion by sea while Leonidas fought at Thermopylae by land. Over three days of naval battles, the Greeks were numerically outmatched but used maneuverability to their advantage. Though they suffered losses on the third day, storms destroyed many Persian ships sailing around Euboea. With the Persian navy weakened, the Greeks withdrew after learning of the loss at Thermopylae, having successfully delayed the full might of the Persian fleet.
The Persian Wars!!!!!
The document summarizes key events in the Persian Wars between Greece and Persia:
1) Persia conquered Ionia with the Greeks helping in a rebellion, angering the Persian King Darius.
2) At the Battle of Marathon, the Athenians defeated a large Persian invasion force that landed in Greece.
3) Xerxes, Darius' son, sought revenge on Greece and invaded with a huge army, conquering Northern Greece.
4) At Thermopylae, 300 Spartans held off the Persians for three days, allowing the Athenians to evacuate, but were eventually defeated when the Persians found an alternative route.
Greco-Persian Wars
1) The Persians, led by Cyrus and Cambysus, conquered Babylon and freed the Jews, and attempted to conquer Egypt.
2) In 490 BC, the Persians under Darius launched a second invasion of Greece after their first attempt failed. They were defeated by the Athenians at the Battle of Marathon.
3) In 480 BC, Xerxes led a massive Persian army in a second invasion of Greece. They were defeated by the Greeks at the naval Battle of Salamis, ending Persian efforts to conquer Greece.
The Greeks Triumph in the Battle of Salamis, Aeschylus and Herodotus: The Gre...
The Greeks Triumph in the Battle of Salamis, Aeschylus and Herodotus: The Gre...Reflections on Morality, Philosophy, and History
The playwright Aeschylus fought in the Greco-Persian Wars, and the battle scenes of the naval Battle of Salamis in his play, The Persians, may have been eyewitness accounts. They provide a more enthralling and possibly more accurate account of the battle than Herodotus.
We will also consult Herodotus for the actions the wily Themistocles took to ensure a Greek victory in the Battle of Salamis, tricking the great King Xerxes to defeat, and the Ionian Greek woman General Artemisia.
We also summarize the Greek defeat at the Pass of Thermopylae that preceded the Battle of Salamis.
YouTube video: https://youtu.be/cabAkQwHnlk
Please support our channel, if you wish to purchase these Amazon books we receive a small affiliate commission:
The Histories, by Herodotus, Aubrey de Sélincourt, Translator
https://amzn.to/3EQAHID
Herodotus: The Father of History, Audible Audiobook, by Elizabeth Vandiver, The Great Courses
https://amzn.to/38Sh051
The Ancient Greek Historians (Harvard Lectures), by John Bagnell Bury
https://amzn.to/2Z18ZcO
The Greek and Persian Wars, Audible, by John R. Hale, The Great Courses
https://amzn.to/3FrzNCA
Plutarch's Greek Lives, Oxford World Classics, Robin Waterfield, translator
https://amzn.to/32nUYaz
Great Books of The Western World: VOLUME 5 - Aeschylus / Sophocles / Euripides / Aristophanes, by Encylopaedia Britannica, used copies inexpensive
https://amzn.to/3Fy4INJ
Blog: https://wp.me/pachSU-zKMarathon decision making activity
Miltiades led the Athenian army to the plain of Marathon where they camped in a wooded area for three days, waiting for reinforcements from Sparta. Spies reported that a portion of the Persian forces left by ship, presumably to attack Athens directly. When Miltiades' spies informed him of this, he marched the Athenian hoplites at a run towards the Persians in a modified formation, with wings of 8 men deep and a center of 4 men deep, and attacked the remaining Persian forces at Marathon. The Athenians were victorious, repelling the first Persian invasion of Greece.
Recommended
Greece military battles
The document summarizes hoplites and the phalanx formation used in ancient Greece during the Persian Wars of the 5th century BCE. It describes the armor and training of hoplites, allowing them to fight in tight, overlapping formations called phalanxes that provided protection from spears and arrows. The phalanx formation marched forward as a unified wall of shields. It then briefly outlines some of the key battles between Greece and Persia, including Marathon, Thermopylae, Salamis, and Plataea, where the phalanx formation and Greek naval forces proved effective against the Persian invaders.
Persian Wars Overview
The Persian Wars were a series of conflicts between the Persian Empire and Greek city-states that resulted in a Greek victory. There were several key battles: at Marathon in 490 BC the Greeks defeated the Persians in a land battle; at Thermopylae and Artemisium in 480 BC the Greeks held off the massive Persian invasion force for several days; in 480 BC the Greeks destroyed much of the Persian navy in a decisive victory at Salamis; and finally in 479 BC the Greeks defeated the Persians in land battles at Plataea and Mycale, ending the Persian threat to Greece.
The persian wars
The document summarizes the Persian Wars between Greece and Persia in the 5th century BC. It describes how Persia conquered Greek colonies in Asia Minor and how Athens sent troops to support a revolt against Persian rule. This led to battles such as Marathon, where Athens defeated a larger Persian force, and Thermopylae, where Spartan forces held off the Persians before being outflanked. It then discusses how Persia burned Athens in retaliation before being defeated at the naval Battle of Salamis. The wars concluded with a Greek victory over Persia at the Battle of Plataea, ending Persia's attempts to conquer Greece.
Thermopylae & Artemesium
The Greeks engaged the larger Persian navy at the Battle of Artemisium in 480 BCE to stall the Persian invasion by sea while Leonidas fought at Thermopylae by land. Over three days of naval battles, the Greeks were numerically outmatched but used maneuverability to their advantage. Though they suffered losses on the third day, storms destroyed many Persian ships sailing around Euboea. With the Persian navy weakened, the Greeks withdrew after learning of the loss at Thermopylae, having successfully delayed the full might of the Persian fleet.
The Persian Wars!!!!!
The document summarizes key events in the Persian Wars between Greece and Persia:
1) Persia conquered Ionia with the Greeks helping in a rebellion, angering the Persian King Darius.
2) At the Battle of Marathon, the Athenians defeated a large Persian invasion force that landed in Greece.
3) Xerxes, Darius' son, sought revenge on Greece and invaded with a huge army, conquering Northern Greece.
4) At Thermopylae, 300 Spartans held off the Persians for three days, allowing the Athenians to evacuate, but were eventually defeated when the Persians found an alternative route.
Greco-Persian Wars
1) The Persians, led by Cyrus and Cambysus, conquered Babylon and freed the Jews, and attempted to conquer Egypt.
2) In 490 BC, the Persians under Darius launched a second invasion of Greece after their first attempt failed. They were defeated by the Athenians at the Battle of Marathon.
3) In 480 BC, Xerxes led a massive Persian army in a second invasion of Greece. They were defeated by the Greeks at the naval Battle of Salamis, ending Persian efforts to conquer Greece.
The Greeks Triumph in the Battle of Salamis, Aeschylus and Herodotus: The Gre...
The Greeks Triumph in the Battle of Salamis, Aeschylus and Herodotus: The Gre...Reflections on Morality, Philosophy, and History
The playwright Aeschylus fought in the Greco-Persian Wars, and the battle scenes of the naval Battle of Salamis in his play, The Persians, may have been eyewitness accounts. They provide a more enthralling and possibly more accurate account of the battle than Herodotus.
We will also consult Herodotus for the actions the wily Themistocles took to ensure a Greek victory in the Battle of Salamis, tricking the great King Xerxes to defeat, and the Ionian Greek woman General Artemisia.
We also summarize the Greek defeat at the Pass of Thermopylae that preceded the Battle of Salamis.
YouTube video: https://youtu.be/cabAkQwHnlk
Please support our channel, if you wish to purchase these Amazon books we receive a small affiliate commission:
The Histories, by Herodotus, Aubrey de Sélincourt, Translator
https://amzn.to/3EQAHID
Herodotus: The Father of History, Audible Audiobook, by Elizabeth Vandiver, The Great Courses
https://amzn.to/38Sh051
The Ancient Greek Historians (Harvard Lectures), by John Bagnell Bury
https://amzn.to/2Z18ZcO
The Greek and Persian Wars, Audible, by John R. Hale, The Great Courses
https://amzn.to/3FrzNCA
Plutarch's Greek Lives, Oxford World Classics, Robin Waterfield, translator
https://amzn.to/32nUYaz
Great Books of The Western World: VOLUME 5 - Aeschylus / Sophocles / Euripides / Aristophanes, by Encylopaedia Britannica, used copies inexpensive
https://amzn.to/3Fy4INJ
Blog: https://wp.me/pachSU-zKMarathon decision making activity
Miltiades led the Athenian army to the plain of Marathon where they camped in a wooded area for three days, waiting for reinforcements from Sparta. Spies reported that a portion of the Persian forces left by ship, presumably to attack Athens directly. When Miltiades' spies informed him of this, he marched the Athenian hoplites at a run towards the Persians in a modified formation, with wings of 8 men deep and a center of 4 men deep, and attacked the remaining Persian forces at Marathon. The Athenians were victorious, repelling the first Persian invasion of Greece.
Persian War2
The document summarizes the key events of the Persian Wars between Greece and Persia in the 5th century BCE. It describes the initial build up to war after Athens helped the Lydians revolt against Persian rule. It then discusses the pivotal Battle of Marathon, where vastly outnumbered Athenian forces defeated the Persians through strategy. It also outlines the formation of the Greek League led by Athens and Sparta to fight Persia. The major battles of Thermopylae, Salamis, and Plataea are summarized, culminating in the Greek victory that established their superiority and allowed Athens to flourish culturally.
The Persian Empire
The document summarizes key events of the Persian Wars between the Persian Empire and Greek city-states in the 5th century BCE. It discusses how Sparta and Athens played roles in defeating the Persians at crucial battles like Marathon, Thermopylae, Salamis, and Plataea. By working together despite their differences, the Greek city-states were able to unite their armies and navies to stop the Persian invasion and defend their homeland from being conquered.
Xerxes\' Invasion of Greece
Analysis of the fifth-century BC invasion of Greece by Persian ruler Xerxes, including the military strategies, reasoning, and errors made by each side.
The Persian Wars
The document describes the Persian Wars between the Persians and Greeks in the 5th century BC. It details key battles including Marathon, Thermopylae, Salamis, and Platea. In these battles, though often outnumbered, the Greeks used strategy and fighting spirit to defeat the larger Persian forces, culminating in the Persians being permanently driven out of Greece.
Greece session 5 intro
A word about delivery. Most slides show for 3.5 seconds with minimum explanation. Purpose? To pique curiosity. The "Points to look for in this session" slide is repeated every 15 slides (not shown here). Bullets are delivered serially, with time for thought between each. The intro is played for 20 or so minutes before class to encourage coming early!
Warfare in Mycenaean times: the Iliad as a paradigm and the applications emer...
This document discusses warfare in Mycenaean times based on descriptions in Homer's Iliad. It summarizes information provided in the Iliad about geopolitics, army sizes and organization, troop types, tactics, weaponry and medical corps for both the Achaeans and Trojans. The document also discusses how experimental archaeology could help determine specifics not made entirely clear in the text, such as proper use of weapons, armor construction and alloy composition, and tactical formations through reconstruction and simulation efforts.
The horse in the mythology!
The document discusses several magical horses from Greek mythology, including Arion who was known for his extreme speed, Diomedes' four horses that were part of one of Heracles' feats, and Pegasus the winged horse. Horses played an important role in mythology and were also very useful for daily work.
Powerpoint on greece #2
The document discusses ancient Greece's wars with Persia in the 5th century BCE and the Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta in the 5th-4th centuries BCE. It describes how Athens and other Greek city-states allied to defeat Persian invasions by Darius I and Xerxes at Marathon and Salamis. It then discusses the golden age of Athens under Pericles and its direct democracy before outlining the causes and outcome of the 27-year Peloponnesian War, which resulted in a Spartan victory.
The greeks at war!
Between 500-400 BC, the Greek city-states fought several wars including two against the powerful Persian Empire to the east. The Persians invaded Greece twice, first being defeated at the Battle of Marathon in 490 BC and again being stopped temporarily at Thermopylae in 480 BC before being defeated at the naval Battle of Salamis. This marked a turning point where Athens' power grew and it formed an alliance known as the Delian League, but resentment grew against Athenian domination which led to the Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta from 431-404 BC, weakening Greece.
Greek battle part ii
The Peloponnesian War was fought between Athens and Sparta beginning in 431 BCE over their competing spheres of influence. After initial successes under Pericles, Athens suffered defeats including a plague and naval losses that crippled its power. Sparta then dominated Greece until 371 BCE. Meanwhile, Philip II unified Macedonia and conquered much of Greece by 338 BCE. His son Alexander expanded the empire greatly, reaching as far as India within 13 years through his innovative phalanx tactics and cavalry. However, upon his death in 323 BCE the vast empire quickly fragmented.
Ancient greek people and war
This document contains summaries of several important figures from Ancient Rome and the wars between Rome and Carthage:
1) It describes Cicero, a famous Roman statesman who was born in 106 BC and murdered in 43 BC, coming from a wealthy family and being educated as a lawyer.
2) It discusses Hadrian, one of the "good emperors" of Rome who encouraged learning and built a good government while protecting women, children, and slaves with his laws.
3) It outlines the Punic Wars between Rome and Carthage, with Hannibal emerging as a strong Carthaginian general who led an army across the Alps into Italy in the Second Punic War.
470 Years in 135 Seconds
This document provides a 135-second summary of major historical events in the ancient Mediterranean world from 500 BC to 30 BC through a series of slides, each representing one year. Some key events included are the Greco-Persian wars, rise of Athens and Sparta, Peloponnesian War, conquests of Alexander the Great, Punic Wars between Rome and Carthage, and Roman expansion across the Mediterranean defeating Macedon, the Seleucids, and other powers. The slides capture over 470 years of history in the region in under two minutes.
Zoroastrianism
Zoroastrianism was a classical Persian belief system founded by Zoroaster, who preached a message of moral reform during an age of materialism. The religion's primary sacred text is the Avesta, which includes hymns and prayers written by Zoroaster. Zoroastrianism believes in monotheism and supremacy of the wise lord Ahura Mazda over all other gods. It also believes in dualism where the universe and human soul are a battlefield between Ahura Mazda and the evil spirit Angra Mainyu, and humans must choose which side they support. The religion influenced concepts in later faiths such as Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.
5.0 ancient greek army.ppt-my copy
The main Greek fighting formation was the phalanx, which was a rectangular formation of heavy infantry called hoplites. Hoplites typically wore bronze armor including chest plates, helmets, and greaves. They were citizen-soldiers who fought as farmers and workers when not needed for battle. The phalanx formation involved rows of men standing shoulder to shoulder holding shields to form a wall, with additional rows pushing from behind to maintain the front line. Battles using this formation were typically short and decisive due to the need for citizen-soldiers to return quickly to their regular jobs.
5.0 - Ancient Greek Army
The main Greek fighting formation was the phalanx, which consisted of heavy infantry called hoplites arranged in a rectangular formation. Hoplites wore bronze armor including a chest plate, helmet, and greaves, and carried a large shield and 2.5 meter spear. They fought by maintaining tight formation in the phalanx and pushing forward against the opposing line with their shields and spear thrusts. While effective, the phalanx formation was not maneuverable and hoplite armor was very heavy.
Lymphatic system
The lymphatic system transports lymph fluid and immune cells throughout the body. It is composed of lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, the spleen, thymus, tonsils, adenoids, and bone marrow. Lymph fluid is collected from tissues by lymphatic capillaries and transported to lymph nodes where immune cells filter out pathogens and debris. The lymph then drains into the subclavian veins or thoracic duct to return to systemic circulation. Key functions of the lymphatic system include fluid homeostasis, absorption of fats from the intestine, and immune defense.
Ancient Warfare in Ancient Greece, Rome, and Israel
What can we learn by reflecting on the ancient warrior culture and warfare in ancient Greece, Rome, and Israel?
Why was the Greek army and navy superior to those of her neighbors? Why were the Spartan and Athenian hoplite infantry forces and the Athenian triremes, able to defeat the mighty Persian forces?
Did the Roman army become more proficient and professional under the Roman emperors? Why was the Roman army such an effective fighting force?
How does the Old Testament depict the warrior culture of ancient Israel and Judah?
Did the armies of Joshua really massacre the wicked pagans in the Promised Land?
For more interesting videos, please click to subscribe to our YouTube Channel:
https://www.youtube.com/@ReflectionsMPH/?sub_confirmation=1
Shortcut: https://www.youtube.com/@ReflectionsMPH
YouTube video: https://youtu.be/9xKxqAbJ2qY
Our blogs contain our Amazon book links, plus additional comments not included in our videos:
https://seekingvirtueandwisdom.com/ancient-warrior-societies-blog-2-greek-and-roman-armies-and-navies/
https://seekingvirtueandwisdom.com/ancient-warrior-societies-blog-3-world-of-the-old-testament/
© Copyright 2023
We also reflect on:
• How the Greek hoplite infantry defeated the Persian Army in the Battle of Marathon in the Greco-Persian Wars, and how the Athenian triremes defeated the Persian Navy in the Battle of Salamis.
• How three hundred Spartan hoplites held off the Persian Army at the Pass of Thermopylae.
• History of the Peloponnesian Wars by Thucydides, Xenophon and the Greco-Persian Wars by Herodotus, and how Alexander the Great, then Rome, conquered the Greek city-states.
• How slaves were the employees of the ancient world.
• The evolution of the Roman Army, from Julius Caesar and Octavian, through the time of Marcus Aurelius.
• How the Romans fought the Germanic tribes and the Persians of Parthia during the reign of Marcus Aurelius.
• Use of chariots in the Old Testament, and how ancient slings were deadly.
• The God of Joshua is also the God of the Song of the Sea in Exodus.
• How St Augustine in On Christian Doctrine teaches us that when reading the Old Testament stories, we should interpret allegorically those stories that seem to diverge from the two-fold Love of God and love of neighbor.
• How archaeologists find no widespread destruction during the time of the Exodus.
3. persian wars
The document summarizes the Persian Wars between 500-479 BCE, where the Greek city-states defeated the mighty Persian Empire in a series of battles. It describes the key battles of Marathon, Thermopylae, Salamis, and Plataea, where significantly outnumbered Greek forces were able to defeat the massive Persian armies and navies. The victories established Athens as the most powerful city-state and helped spread democracy in Greece, while ensuring Persia would no longer invade.
The iliad by Jessica
This document provides an overview of the major characters and plot of The Iliad. It describes the leaders of the Achaeans and Trojans who were involved in the Trojan War, which began after Paris took Helen from her husband Menelaus. The warfare depicted in The Iliad involved heroes and soldiers fighting on foot or in chariots, launching javelins and engaging in hand-to-hand combat with swords and shields. Key figures included Agamemnon, Achilles, Odysseus, Hector and Paris.
Ancient greece
The ancient Greeks lived in constant danger from barbarian invasions. To protect themselves, they formed city-states which were built on fortified hills called acropolises. Two famous city-states were Athens and Sparta, which had different forms of government and cultures but united against the invading Persian Empire in important battles like Marathon, Thermopylae, Salamis, and Platea. Working together, the Greek city-states were able to defeat the powerful Persians, leading to a period of cultural achievement known as the Golden Age of Ancient Greece.
"This is Sparta!" Greco-Persian War or the Battle of Thermopylae
Want to see the prowess of a 13-year old?
My 8th grader, Amith, put together this presentation (He did 90% of the work) for the GATE student-to-student conference held at UCSC on Saturday, May 21, 2011.
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The document summarizes the key events of the Persian Wars between Greece and Persia in the 5th century BCE. It describes the initial build up to war after Athens helped the Lydians revolt against Persian rule. It then discusses the pivotal Battle of Marathon, where vastly outnumbered Athenian forces defeated the Persians through strategy. It also outlines the formation of the Greek League led by Athens and Sparta to fight Persia. The major battles of Thermopylae, Salamis, and Plataea are summarized, culminating in the Greek victory that established their superiority and allowed Athens to flourish culturally.
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The document summarizes key events of the Persian Wars between the Persian Empire and Greek city-states in the 5th century BCE. It discusses how Sparta and Athens played roles in defeating the Persians at crucial battles like Marathon, Thermopylae, Salamis, and Plataea. By working together despite their differences, the Greek city-states were able to unite their armies and navies to stop the Persian invasion and defend their homeland from being conquered.
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The document describes the Persian Wars between the Persians and Greeks in the 5th century BC. It details key battles including Marathon, Thermopylae, Salamis, and Platea. In these battles, though often outnumbered, the Greeks used strategy and fighting spirit to defeat the larger Persian forces, culminating in the Persians being permanently driven out of Greece.
Greece session 5 intro
A word about delivery. Most slides show for 3.5 seconds with minimum explanation. Purpose? To pique curiosity. The "Points to look for in this session" slide is repeated every 15 slides (not shown here). Bullets are delivered serially, with time for thought between each. The intro is played for 20 or so minutes before class to encourage coming early!
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This document discusses warfare in Mycenaean times based on descriptions in Homer's Iliad. It summarizes information provided in the Iliad about geopolitics, army sizes and organization, troop types, tactics, weaponry and medical corps for both the Achaeans and Trojans. The document also discusses how experimental archaeology could help determine specifics not made entirely clear in the text, such as proper use of weapons, armor construction and alloy composition, and tactical formations through reconstruction and simulation efforts.
The horse in the mythology!
The document discusses several magical horses from Greek mythology, including Arion who was known for his extreme speed, Diomedes' four horses that were part of one of Heracles' feats, and Pegasus the winged horse. Horses played an important role in mythology and were also very useful for daily work.
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Powerpoint on greece #2
The document discusses ancient Greece's wars with Persia in the 5th century BCE and the Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta in the 5th-4th centuries BCE. It describes how Athens and other Greek city-states allied to defeat Persian invasions by Darius I and Xerxes at Marathon and Salamis. It then discusses the golden age of Athens under Pericles and its direct democracy before outlining the causes and outcome of the 27-year Peloponnesian War, which resulted in a Spartan victory.
The greeks at war!
Between 500-400 BC, the Greek city-states fought several wars including two against the powerful Persian Empire to the east. The Persians invaded Greece twice, first being defeated at the Battle of Marathon in 490 BC and again being stopped temporarily at Thermopylae in 480 BC before being defeated at the naval Battle of Salamis. This marked a turning point where Athens' power grew and it formed an alliance known as the Delian League, but resentment grew against Athenian domination which led to the Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta from 431-404 BC, weakening Greece.
Greek battle part ii
The Peloponnesian War was fought between Athens and Sparta beginning in 431 BCE over their competing spheres of influence. After initial successes under Pericles, Athens suffered defeats including a plague and naval losses that crippled its power. Sparta then dominated Greece until 371 BCE. Meanwhile, Philip II unified Macedonia and conquered much of Greece by 338 BCE. His son Alexander expanded the empire greatly, reaching as far as India within 13 years through his innovative phalanx tactics and cavalry. However, upon his death in 323 BCE the vast empire quickly fragmented.
Ancient greek people and war
This document contains summaries of several important figures from Ancient Rome and the wars between Rome and Carthage:
1) It describes Cicero, a famous Roman statesman who was born in 106 BC and murdered in 43 BC, coming from a wealthy family and being educated as a lawyer.
2) It discusses Hadrian, one of the "good emperors" of Rome who encouraged learning and built a good government while protecting women, children, and slaves with his laws.
3) It outlines the Punic Wars between Rome and Carthage, with Hannibal emerging as a strong Carthaginian general who led an army across the Alps into Italy in the Second Punic War.
470 Years in 135 Seconds
This document provides a 135-second summary of major historical events in the ancient Mediterranean world from 500 BC to 30 BC through a series of slides, each representing one year. Some key events included are the Greco-Persian wars, rise of Athens and Sparta, Peloponnesian War, conquests of Alexander the Great, Punic Wars between Rome and Carthage, and Roman expansion across the Mediterranean defeating Macedon, the Seleucids, and other powers. The slides capture over 470 years of history in the region in under two minutes.
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5.0 ancient greek army.ppt-my copy
The main Greek fighting formation was the phalanx, which was a rectangular formation of heavy infantry called hoplites. Hoplites typically wore bronze armor including chest plates, helmets, and greaves. They were citizen-soldiers who fought as farmers and workers when not needed for battle. The phalanx formation involved rows of men standing shoulder to shoulder holding shields to form a wall, with additional rows pushing from behind to maintain the front line. Battles using this formation were typically short and decisive due to the need for citizen-soldiers to return quickly to their regular jobs.
5.0 - Ancient Greek Army
The main Greek fighting formation was the phalanx, which consisted of heavy infantry called hoplites arranged in a rectangular formation. Hoplites wore bronze armor including a chest plate, helmet, and greaves, and carried a large shield and 2.5 meter spear. They fought by maintaining tight formation in the phalanx and pushing forward against the opposing line with their shields and spear thrusts. While effective, the phalanx formation was not maneuverable and hoplite armor was very heavy.
Lymphatic system
The lymphatic system transports lymph fluid and immune cells throughout the body. It is composed of lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, the spleen, thymus, tonsils, adenoids, and bone marrow. Lymph fluid is collected from tissues by lymphatic capillaries and transported to lymph nodes where immune cells filter out pathogens and debris. The lymph then drains into the subclavian veins or thoracic duct to return to systemic circulation. Key functions of the lymphatic system include fluid homeostasis, absorption of fats from the intestine, and immune defense.
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Similar to Greek battles part i
Ancient Warfare in Ancient Greece, Rome, and Israel
What can we learn by reflecting on the ancient warrior culture and warfare in ancient Greece, Rome, and Israel?
Why was the Greek army and navy superior to those of her neighbors? Why were the Spartan and Athenian hoplite infantry forces and the Athenian triremes, able to defeat the mighty Persian forces?
Did the Roman army become more proficient and professional under the Roman emperors? Why was the Roman army such an effective fighting force?
How does the Old Testament depict the warrior culture of ancient Israel and Judah?
Did the armies of Joshua really massacre the wicked pagans in the Promised Land?
For more interesting videos, please click to subscribe to our YouTube Channel:
https://www.youtube.com/@ReflectionsMPH/?sub_confirmation=1
Shortcut: https://www.youtube.com/@ReflectionsMPH
YouTube video: https://youtu.be/9xKxqAbJ2qY
Our blogs contain our Amazon book links, plus additional comments not included in our videos:
https://seekingvirtueandwisdom.com/ancient-warrior-societies-blog-2-greek-and-roman-armies-and-navies/
https://seekingvirtueandwisdom.com/ancient-warrior-societies-blog-3-world-of-the-old-testament/
© Copyright 2023
We also reflect on:
• How the Greek hoplite infantry defeated the Persian Army in the Battle of Marathon in the Greco-Persian Wars, and how the Athenian triremes defeated the Persian Navy in the Battle of Salamis.
• How three hundred Spartan hoplites held off the Persian Army at the Pass of Thermopylae.
• History of the Peloponnesian Wars by Thucydides, Xenophon and the Greco-Persian Wars by Herodotus, and how Alexander the Great, then Rome, conquered the Greek city-states.
• How slaves were the employees of the ancient world.
• The evolution of the Roman Army, from Julius Caesar and Octavian, through the time of Marcus Aurelius.
• How the Romans fought the Germanic tribes and the Persians of Parthia during the reign of Marcus Aurelius.
• Use of chariots in the Old Testament, and how ancient slings were deadly.
• The God of Joshua is also the God of the Song of the Sea in Exodus.
• How St Augustine in On Christian Doctrine teaches us that when reading the Old Testament stories, we should interpret allegorically those stories that seem to diverge from the two-fold Love of God and love of neighbor.
• How archaeologists find no widespread destruction during the time of the Exodus.
3. persian wars
The document summarizes the Persian Wars between 500-479 BCE, where the Greek city-states defeated the mighty Persian Empire in a series of battles. It describes the key battles of Marathon, Thermopylae, Salamis, and Plataea, where significantly outnumbered Greek forces were able to defeat the massive Persian armies and navies. The victories established Athens as the most powerful city-state and helped spread democracy in Greece, while ensuring Persia would no longer invade.
The iliad by Jessica
This document provides an overview of the major characters and plot of The Iliad. It describes the leaders of the Achaeans and Trojans who were involved in the Trojan War, which began after Paris took Helen from her husband Menelaus. The warfare depicted in The Iliad involved heroes and soldiers fighting on foot or in chariots, launching javelins and engaging in hand-to-hand combat with swords and shields. Key figures included Agamemnon, Achilles, Odysseus, Hector and Paris.
Ancient greece
The ancient Greeks lived in constant danger from barbarian invasions. To protect themselves, they formed city-states which were built on fortified hills called acropolises. Two famous city-states were Athens and Sparta, which had different forms of government and cultures but united against the invading Persian Empire in important battles like Marathon, Thermopylae, Salamis, and Platea. Working together, the Greek city-states were able to defeat the powerful Persians, leading to a period of cultural achievement known as the Golden Age of Ancient Greece.
"This is Sparta!" Greco-Persian War or the Battle of Thermopylae
Want to see the prowess of a 13-year old?
My 8th grader, Amith, put together this presentation (He did 90% of the work) for the GATE student-to-student conference held at UCSC on Saturday, May 21, 2011.
Alexander And Macendonians Slides
The document summarizes a lecture on Alexander the Great and the Macedonian military system. It discusses the organizational improvements Philip of Macedon made to the army, including introducing the sarissa and reorganizing units into taxeis, syntagmata, and chiliarchiai. It then explains how Alexander used this powerful army to systematically conquer the Persian Empire through major battles at Granicus, Issus, Arbela, and Hydaspes, establishing Macedonian rule over most of the known world by the age of 30.
Histories of Herodotus, The Greeks Defeat the Mighty Persians in the Greco-Pe...
Histories of Herodotus, The Greeks Defeat the Mighty Persians in the Greco-Pe...Reflections on Morality, Philosophy, and History
You cannot understand the history of the long Peloponnesian Wars between Athens and Sparta with first studying Herodotus' Histories, and these events form the political background for the Trial and Execution of Socrates and all of the Platonic dialogues.
In this video we discuss the unlikely victory of the Greeks over the mighty Persian Empire under both King Darius and the much larger forces gathered by his successor and son, King Xerxes.
See the YouTube video: https://youtu.be/JjNcyLo54ko
(After 12/31/21 at 2 PM)
We discuss:
• Discussing the Greek hoplite infantry forces, the Persian infantry forces, and the Greek Trireme ships in both the Greek and Persian Ionian navies.
• The story of King Amyntas, Prince Alexander of Macedon, and how the hubris of the Persian envoys led to their demise.
• Aristagoras and the Ionian Revolt against the Persians, and why it failed.
• How the Persians demanded offerings of earth and water as a sign of submission.
• The destruction of the first Persian fleet of King Darius by the winds blowing off Mount Athos.
• The Persian defeat by the Athenian hoplites at the Battle of Marathon.
• How the mostly Spartan band of 300, led by King Leonides, held off the Persian Army at the Pass of Thermopylae, until a traitor showed a mountain trail bypassing the pass.
• How the Athenian and Greek triremes defeated the might Persian Navy at the Battle of Salamis, and the role Themistocles played in this victory.
• The despairing messages of the Oracle at Delphi to the Athenians.
• How the Persians burned the evacuated city of Athens and its temples.
• How Mardonius promised to Xerxes his army would defeat the Greeks, Mardonius died in battle and the Persian army was massacred at the Battle of Platea.
Please support our channel, if you wish to purchase these Amazon books we receive a small affiliate commission:
The Histories, by Herodotus, Aubrey de Sélincourt, Translator
https://amzn.to/3EQAHID
Herodotus: The Father of History, Audible Audiobook, by Elizabeth Vandiver, The Great Courses
https://amzn.to/38Sh051
The Ancient Greek Historians (Harvard Lectures), by John Bagnell Bury
https://amzn.to/2Z18ZcO
The Greek and Persian Wars, Audible, by John R. Hale, The Great Courses
https://amzn.to/3FrzNCA
Plutarch's Greek Lives, Oxford World Classics, Robin Waterfield, translator
https://amzn.to/32nUYaz
Great Books of The Western World: VOLUME 5 - Aeschylus / Sophocles / Euripides / Aristophanes, by Encylopaedia Britannica, used copies inexpensive
https://amzn.to/3Fy4INJ
Blog: https://wp.me/pachSU-zG
The Lighter Side of Greek History
The document summarizes key events and developments in ancient Greek history from around 1200 BC to the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC. It discusses the collapse of the Mycenaean civilization, the rise of the city-states and hoplite warfare, the development of democracy in Athens, the Persian Wars including battles of Marathon, Thermopylae and Salamis, the Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta, and Macedonia's eventual conquest of Greece under Philip II and Alexander the Great. The document also touches on early Greek writing, laws, tyranny, women's roles, and continued Persian influence over the Greek world.
Herodotus
Herodotus was a Greek historian born in 485 BC in Halicarnassus who is considered the father of history. His major work was called "Histories" which described the Greco-Persian wars from 490-479 BC and included vivid descriptions of the people and places he visited. The work was divided into 9 books named after the 9 muses and focused on battles like Marathon where a soldier ran to Athens to warn them after the Greeks won that the Persians were coming by ship.
Battle Of Marathon
The Battle of Marathon in 490 BCE was a pivotal victory for the Greeks over the invading Persian forces of King Darius. A Greek army of 10,000 men, primarily Athenians led by Miltiades, engaged the 25,000 strong Persian army near the plain of Marathon. Despite being outnumbered and facing the Persian tactics of archery assaults and cavalry charges, the heavily armored Greek hoplites prevailed when they closed in on the Persians in hand-to-hand combat. The Persians suffered heavy casualties and were forced to retreat to their ships, with the Greeks inflicting over 6,000 deaths while losing only 192 men. This unexpected victory boosted Greek morale and delayed the Persian invasion of Greece for nearly a
Chapter 28 Fighting the Persian Wars Jeopardy Game
This document provides definitions for key terms and people related to the Persian Wars between the Persian Empire and Greek city-states between 499 and 479 BCE. It defines terms like cavalry, ally, Persian Empire, and battles like Marathon, Thermopylae, and Salamis. It identifies important figures like King Darius, King Xerxes, Themistocles, Miltiades, and King Leonidas and their roles in the conflicts.
Ch. 5.4 -alexander-empire builder
King Philip II of Macedon built a powerful army and conquered Greece in the 4th century BC. He introduced innovations like the Macedonian phalanx armed with long pikes. His son, Alexander the Great, further strengthened the army and used its combined arms tactics to invade and conquer the vast Persian Empire between 334-331 BC. At the pivotal Battle of Gaugamela, Alexander defeated the Persian king Darius III, bringing an end to the Persian Empire and allowing Alexander to expand his empire across Western Asia and into India. However, Alexander's troops grew exhausted by the campaign and he died of illness in 323 BC at the age of 32, leaving his generals to divide up his empire.
Ch. 5.4 -alexander-empire builder
King Philip II of Macedon built a powerful army and conquered Greece in the 4th century BC. He introduced innovations like the Macedonian phalanx armed with long pikes. His son, Alexander the Great, further strengthened the army and used its combined arms effectively. After Philip's death, Alexander invaded the Persian Empire with around 30,000 men. He scored several decisive victories over King Darius III, defeating the Persians and conquering their vast empire by the age of 32. However, Alexander's troops grew tired of campaigning and he died shortly after from an illness.
Cnc report
The document provides a timeline and overview of ancient Greek history and mythology. It discusses key figures like Cronus, Rhea, Gaia, the Titans, and Zeus. It also outlines two potential stories - a war between the Greek gods and a Spartan war. Sections include Greece's timeline, Mount Olympus, the characters involved, and potential movie inspirations for roleplaying the stories. The document is an introduction and planning material for a school project recreating stories from ancient Greek history and mythology.
Persian Wars2
The document summarizes the history between the Persian Empire and ancient Greece from the 5th century BC. It describes how the Persian Empire conquered Greek city-states along the Ionian coast and their motivations for invading mainland Greece. It then discusses key battles including Marathon, Thermopylae, Salamis, and Plataea, where although outnumbered, the Greeks were able to defeat the Persian forces through strategic naval and land tactics. The victories over Persia allowed the Greek city-states to maintain their independence and significantly boosted Athens' prominence, leading to the Golden Age of Athens.
Athens
The document summarizes the political struggles in Athens that led to the establishment of democracy, as well as Athens' resistance to the Persian invasions in the 5th century BCE. It describes how Clisthenes helped overthrow aristocratic rule in 508 BCE and established democratic reforms, including increasing the powers of the Assembly. It also outlines the two Persian invasions under Darius and Xerxes, and how key Athenian leaders like Themistocles and naval victories at Salamis and Artemisium helped Greece defeat the Persians and allowed Athens to flourish as a democratic power.
Athens
The document summarizes the political struggles in Athens that led to the establishment of democracy, as well as Athens' resistance to the Persian invasions in the 5th century BCE. It describes how Clisthenes helped overthrow aristocratic rule in 508 BCE and established democratic reforms, including increasing the powers of the Assembly. It also outlines the two Persian invasions under Darius and Xerxes, and how key Athenian leaders like Themistocles and naval victories at Salamis and Artemisium helped Greece defeat the Persians and allowed Athens to flourish as a democratic power.
5.2.1 - The Persian Wars
The document summarizes the Persian Wars between the Persian Empire and Greek city-states in the 5th century BC. It describes the size and diversity of the Persian Empire and its military forces. It then discusses key battles, including the Greeks' victory over the Persians at Marathon, the Spartans' heroic last stand at Thermopylae, and the oracle's prophecy of an impending naval battle at Salamis that would defeat the Persians.
History of persian wars
The Greco-Persian Wars were a series of conflicts between Greek city-states and the Persian Empire lasting from 492 BCE to 449 BCE. The Persians had a vast empire stretching from Egypt to India and launched two invasions of Greece in 490 BCE and 480 BCE. Though outnumbered, the Greeks united to defend themselves and achieved surprising victories, such as at Marathon and Salamis, that ensured the survival of Greek culture. After the Persians were defeated at Plataea and Mycale in 479 BCE, the wars continued for another 30 years as the Greeks went on the offensive to liberate Ionian cities until a peace treaty was finally agreed in 449 BCE.
CNC greece report
This document provides an overview of ancient Greek history and mythology. It includes a timeline of important events in ancient Greece from the Persian wars to the Peloponnesian war. It also describes some of the major gods and figures in Greek mythology like Cronus, Rhea, Zeus, and Poseidon. Additionally, it gives details on important locations like Mount Olympus and battles such as the Battle of Thermopylae. The document appears to be providing background information for a roleplaying project on ancient Greece.
Similar to Greek battles part i (20)
Ancient Warfare in Ancient Greece, Rome, and Israel
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Histories of Herodotus, The Greeks Defeat the Mighty Persians in the Greco-Pe...
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Chapter 28 Fighting the Persian Wars Jeopardy Game
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Ancient rome punic wars
The Punic Wars were a series of three wars fought between Rome and Carthage from 264 BCE to 146 BCE. Carthage was a powerful Phoenician colony located in North Africa that had a large commercial empire throughout the Mediterranean. The First Punic War was fought over control of Sicily and resulted in a Roman victory. The Second Punic War saw Hannibal lead Carthaginian forces through Spain and over the Alps into Italy, though he was eventually defeated at the Battle of Zama. In the Third Punic War, Rome destroyed Carthage completely, leaving Rome as the dominant power in the Mediterranean. The defeat of Carthage allowed Rome to more easily conquer the rest of the region.
Rome government
The document summarizes the transition of Rome's government from a monarchy to a republic after overthrowing the last king. Under the republic, power was shared between the patrician and plebeian classes. The plebeians gained new rights and institutions like the Plebeian Council and tribunes to protect their interests against the patricians. Roman law was also codified in the Twelve Tables. The republican government consisted of legislative, executive, and judicial branches. Over time Rome expanded its territory through military conquests of neighboring lands and conflicts with Carthage.
Ancient Greece
The document provides information on Ancient Greece from 750-336 BCE. It describes the Archaic Period which saw the rise of literature, trade, colonization, and the Olympic Games. City-states like Athens and Sparta gained prominence. Classical Greece saw the dominance of Athens and construction of landmarks like the Parthenon. Athenian democracy developed under Solon and Cleisthenes, establishing systems like the Council of 500, Assembly, and Courts where citizens participated directly in governance. However, democracy at the time was not fully inclusive or representative.
Greece part 1
This document summarizes the major periods of ancient Greek civilization and the geographic features and effects on ancient Greece. It discusses three periods: the Early Civilizations of the Minoans and Mycenaeans, Classical Greece dominated by Sparta and Athens, and the Hellenistic Age under Alexander the Great and his empire. It then describes Greece's geography which heavily influenced its seafaring culture and city-state system, as well as the key crops, resources, and myths that developed.
Ancient egyp part 2
Ancient Egyptian law was based on religious principles and sought to maintain balance and order in society. Laws applied equally and protected important social institutions like family. Punishments for crimes could be severe, aiming to deter unlawful acts. Women had considerable legal rights compared to other ancient societies, including rights to own property, though their primary role was in the domestic sphere. Children received some basic education to learn ethical behavior and trades passed from parents. Hieroglyphics evolved from pictograms to a refined script used for secular writing. The Rosetta Stone helped decode hieroglyphics by providing a multilingual text. Egyptians believed in an afterlife requiring preservation of the body and provisions for the next world. The economy relied on agriculture and trade
Ancient egypt part 1
Ancient Egypt lasted over 3,500 years due to factors such as its stable geography, politics, social structure, education, economy, and religion. The Nile River was considered the "soul" of Egypt as it provided fertile land and was central to their religious beliefs about the afterlife. Pharaohs ruled as absolute divine leaders, believing they embodied the god Horus, which helped maintain political stability. Key events included the unification of Egypt, construction of pyramids, rise of Amon-Ra as the national god, and the eventual conquest by foreign powers.
Aspects of civilizations
Farmers settling in fertile river valleys began growing surplus food, increasing population in settlements. Over time, settlements grew into cities such as Ur and Babylon. Agricultural surplus allowed some people to specialize rather than spend all their time looking for food. As cities developed, centralized governments and organized religion emerged to oversee resources and rituals. Social classes developed based on jobs and status. Writing was needed to record increasing information as civilizations became more complex.
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Greek battles part i
- 2. What were the traditional battle formations used in warfare? Individual combats Group ambush but no organized formation
- 3. Greek Hoplites (c. 650BCE) HOPLITE FORMATION: Greek generals trained their soldiers to fight in lines, shoulder to shoulder. In this way each man was protected by the shield of the man standing next to him. When they all marched forward together, no enemy spears or arrows could get through their wall of shields (hoplite formation was like a “scrum” in a rugby match)
- 4. What would determine the success and effectiveness of the hoplite phalanx formation? Soldiers had to be well trained and equipped with correct armour, shield and helmet (spear and sword) Soldiers had to be brave to hold the line. If anyone started to run away, the whole line would fall apart Intense training and preparation to perfect formation was required
- 5. Effects of the Hoplite Phalanx new emphasis on the importance of each ordinary soldier (instead of just the aristocratic heroes of the Iliad) helped democracy to develop in Greece But since armour was required, only the wealthy could be in army as a hoplite the hoplite phalanx made Greek soldiers very desirable mercenaries for hundreds of years Hoplite phalanx helped Greece to fight off the Persians during the Persian Wars. The Romans used the same hoplite tactics to conquer the Greek empire.
- 6. Persian Wars
- 7. Battle of Marathon (490 BCE) Greece (led by Athens) vs Persia Athens appealed to Sparta for help Origin of the ‘marathon’ One of first recorded instances in which phalanx used Winner: Greece
- 8. Thermopylae (480 BCE) Persian King Xerxes 300 Spartans led by king Leonidas defended narrow pass to protect Greek navy Oracle prophesied it There was a betrayal “Go, tell at Sparta, thou who pass by, that here obedient to her word, we lie” Winner = Persia
- 9. Salamis and Plataea (479 BCE) Greeks (Athens, Sparta, Corinth) vs. Persia (Xerxes… again) Salamis: Naval battle (Greek fleet of triremes) Greece Won Plataea: land battle where Persia defeated by the Spartan phalanx