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1. FNBE AUG 14 INTAKE
CULTURE AND CIVILIZATION
REPORT
PROJECT 2 :
GOING BACK TO THE PAST
CHOO ZI ZHAO 0320489
TAN WUI XIANG 0321128
TEO VI VIEN 0321645
TEO KUO CHEIN 0320195
HIRENDRAN 0319894
RACHAEL CHEONG 0319926
YEN WEI ZHENG 0320266
ANG AVERLLEN 0321444
JAQUELYN VANESSA 0320021
CHONG ZHAO LUN 0320408

2. INDEX
1. Greece Timeline
2. Mount Olympus of Ancient Greece
3. Character in Ancient Greece
Story 1 (Greek god war)
4. Story 2 (Spartan war)
5. Movie inspiration to our roleplay
6. Official Script
Story 1 (Greek god war)
7. Story 2 (Spartan war)
8. References

3. Greece Timeline
Persian war
Greek settle in Ionia
The rival tradition in classical Greece is
linked with Athens, an outpost of
Mycenaean culture. Athens successfully
resists the Dorians and becomes
something of a place of refuge for those
fleeing the invaders. With the
encouragement of Athens, from about 900
BC, non-Dorian Greeks migrate to form
colonies on the west coast of Antonia.
These colonies eventually merge to form
Ionia. In subsequent centuries Ionia, with
Athens, becomes a cradle of the classical
Greek civilization. So there is a genuine continuity from Mycenae. It is reflected in the idea of
Mycenaean Greeks expressed by Homer himself probably a native of Ionia.
Ionian League created
The Ionian League, also called the Panionic League, was a confederation formed at the end
of the Meliac War in the mid-7th century BC comprising twelve Ionian cities (a dodecapolis, of
which there were many others). These were listed by Herodotus as
 Miletus, Myus and Priene, all in Caria (a region in Asia Minor) and speaking the same dialect
 Ephesus, Colophon, Lebedus, Teos, Clazomenae and Phocaea in Lydia and-or the region
known today as Ionia (both also in Asia Minor, Lydia extending inland much farther relative
to Ionia), speaking another dialect
 Chios (island) and Erythrae (Asia Minor), with a common dialect
 Samos (island), with its own dialect

4. Cyrus II
Cyrus II (reign: 559-530 BCE), also known
as Cyrus the Great, was the founder of the
Persian Empire. When he became king, Persia was
a client state of the empire of the Medes. Cyrus
revolted, conquered the Median capital
Ecbatana and deposed the king of the Medes,
Astyages. Throughout his reign he
conquered Babylon, Lydia, and the Greek
cities of Asia Minor. The expansion of Persia
brought wealth, which Cyrus used to construct
the royal city of Pasargadae. Cyrus had a wife named
Cassandane. She was an Achaemenian and daughter of
Pharnaspes. From this marriage, Cyrus had four children which are Cambyses II, Bardiya,
Atossa, and another daughter whose name is not attested in ancient sources.
Though his father died in 551 BC, Cyrus had already succeeded to the throne in 559 BCE.
However, Cyrus was not yet an independent ruler. Like his predecessors, Cyrus had to
recognize Median over lordship. In 553 BC Cyrus rebelled against Astyages: He rallied the
Persian people to revolt against their Median overlords. After severals battles he conquered
the Median capital of Ecbatana in 549 BCE, effectively controlling the Median Empire. While
Cyrus seems to have accepted the crown of Media, by 546 BCE, he officially assumed the
title "King of Persia" instead.
Cyrus's
conquest of Media
was merely the
start of his wars.
Astyages had been
allied with his
brother-in-law
Croesus of Lydia
(son of Alyattes II),
Nabonidus of
Babylon, and
Amasis II of Egygt.
Around 547 BCE
the Lydians first attacked the Achaemenid Empire's city of Pteria in
Cappadocia. Cyrus levied an army and marched against the Lydians, increasing his numbers
while passing through nations in his way. After the stalemate battle of Pteira, Cyrus moved
on to the Lydian capital Sardis, where he routed the Lydian cavalry by placing dromedaries at
the front of his battle lines. Cyrus occupied Sardis and had conquered the Lydian kingdom in
546 BCE.
 Tomb of Cyrus The Great
 Cyrus Cylinder

5. The Battle of Thermophylae I
The battle of Thermopylae was the first
between the Persians and Greeks during the
Persian invasion of 480-479 BC. The Greek
force was very small but was determined to
make a stand against the huge Persian army.
The Battle of Thermophylae II
All of Greece was in fear, knowing that the
army of the Persian king Xerxes had begun its
invasion of Greece. Already the Thessalians had
gone over to the Persian side, but some Greek
cities had come together and forgotten their
usual rivalries, determining to stop the Persian
invasion. These cities agreed that Sparta would
lead the Greek army, as her reputation in war
was unmatched by any other Greek state.
The Battle of Thermophylae III
The Greeks had chosen to defend a narrow
pass, or gap, between the mountains of central
Greece and the sea, called Thermopylae. This
pass was part of the route into Greece from the
north. Here the Greek force now waited, made up
of only 300 Spartans under their king, Leonidas,
and about 6000 soldiers from other Greek
cities. They faced a Persian army of perhaps
100,000 men.

6. The Battle of Thermophylae IV
After the Persians arrived at the pass,
several days crept by without battle beginning.
Xerxes sent a scout to find out what the Greek
position was. The scout returned to the king, who
was amazed by what he heard. In front of a wall
that blocked the pass the 300 Spartans were
combing their hair and exercising. However, the
king was warned not to misread this information:
the Spartans were preparing to fight to the
death and were men of great bravery.
The Battle of Thermophylae V
Finally, after the nerve-wracking wait, the
Persians launched their attack. The Greeks were
defending the pass from behind the wall that
blocked the path. They took it in turns to hold the
front line and fought off wave after wave of
attacking Persians. In the narrow space, the
Persians could not make use of their greater
numbers and the longer spears of the Greeks
meant that they inflicted many casualties on the
Persians.
The Battle of Thermophylae VI
The Spartans also used a clever strategy to further overwhelm
their enemy. They pretended to retreat so that the Persians chased
after them, but would then turn upon the Persians and in the confusion
kill many of the enemy.

7. The Battle of Thermophylae VII
In this way two days of battle passed, with the
Persians unable to defeat the much smaller army of
Greeks. The Persians had lost many men, but their
luck was about to change. A Greek traitor came to
the Persian king with information of huge
importance.
The Battle of Thermophylae Final
The Spartans withdrew to a hillock near the
pass, together with a few other Greek soldiers who
had refused to leave. They fought the Persians with
all their remaining strength. When their weapons
broke, they fought with their hands and teeth. But
the Persian soldiers vastly outnumbered them and
finally the Spartans were overwhelmed with a volley
of arrows fired by the Persians.
Peloponnesian War
The Peloponnesian War (431-404 B.C.) took place between the Athenian empire and
Peloponnesian league lead by the Spartans. The Peloponnesian league was a coalition of the
Thebes, Corinth and Sparta.
The war was divided into 3 phases: The Archidamian War, The Sicilian war and The Ionian or
Decelean War: phase. The war commenced on 4 April 431 B.C. when the Thebans launched a
surprise attack on Plataea, who as a partner of Athens. The war ended on 25 April 404 B.C.
when Athens surrendered.The Peloponnesian War remodeled the entire Greek state. The
Athenian empire, which was a
stronger side prior to the war,
was reduced to a mere
vulnerable slave of Sparta.
After the war, Sparta was the
ruling state of Greece. The war
destroyed the economies and
brought poverty and sufferings
to the state.

8. Mount Olympus of Ancient Greece
According to ancient Greek mythology, when things had to be decided in the mystical
world, a council of 12 gods called the Olympians met on Mount Olympus to discuss things.
The 12 Olympian godsall kept a home on Mount Olympus. Hades was rarely in residence. He
preferred his home in the Underworld. Poseidon preferred his palace under the sea. But the
rest of the Olympians could be found on Mount Olympus year around unless they were off
traveling somewhere.
Hestia was the goddess of hearth and home. She used to be one of the Olympians, but
she grew tired of all their fighting and bickering. She gave her seat to Dionysus, the god of
wine. Actually, once Dionysus settled down and got married, he was a very good choice.
Aphrodite was on the council. But her husband, Hephaestus, who built all the gods' homes
on Mount Olympus, was not on the council, not according to most Greek myths. The Parthenon
in Greece is surrounding by the statue of each of the 12 Olympians. Hades, king of the
Underworld, is not represented with a statue, but Hephaestus is.
When Hestia resigned, Dionysus took her place, so that was a swap. But no one knows
whether Hades or Hephaestus was the 12th Olympian.
Zeus
Hera
Poseidon
Demeter
Athena
Ares
Apollo
Artemis
Hermes
Aphrodite
Hestia, who turned her place over to Dionysus
Last (depending upon who is telling the story) - sometimes Hades, and
sometimes Hephaestus
12 Olympians in
Mount Olympus

9. Character in Ancient Greece
Story 1 (Greek god war)
Cronus
Cronus or Kronos was in Greek mythology the leader
and the youngest of the first generation of Titans, the
divine descendants of Uranus, the sky and Gaia, the earth.
He overthrew his father and ruled during the mythological
Golden Age, until he was overthrown by his own son
Zues and imprisoned in Tartarus.
Cronus was usually depicted with a Harpe, Scythe or a
Sickle, which was the instrument he used to castrate and
depose Uranus, his father.
In Athens, on the twelfth day
of the Attic month of
Hekatombaion, a festival
called Kronia was held in
honour of Cronus to
celebrate the harvest,
suggesting that, as a result of his association with the virtuous
Golden Age, Cronus continued to preside as a patron of
harvest.
Cronus was also identified in classical antiquity with the
Roman deity Saturn.
Cronus weapon
Cronus used his weapon of choice which was the sickle, so he could kill his father, Uranus.
Gaea made the sickle for Cronus so he could kill him and take over.
 Scythe  Sickle

10. Rhea
Rhea is the Titaness daughter of the earth
goddess Gaia and the sky god Uranus, in Greek
mythology and sister and wife to Cronus. In early
traditions, she is known as "the mother of gods"
and therefore is strongly associated with Gaia
and Cybele, who have similar functions. The
classical Greeks saw her as the mother of the
Olympian goddesses and gods, but not as an
Olympian goddess in her own right. The Romans
identified her with Magna Mater (their form of
Cybele), and the Goddess Ops.
Then she hid Zeus in a cave on Mount Ida in Crete.
According to varying versions of the story:
1. He was then raised by Gaia
2. He was suckled by his first cousin, a goat
named Amalthea, while a company of Kouretes, so
ldiers, or smaller gods, shouted and clashed their
swords together to make noise so that Cronus would
not hear the baby's cry,
3. He was raised by a nymph named Adamanthea, who
fed him goat milk. Since Cronus ruled over the earth, the
heavens, and the sea, Adamanthea hid him by dangling
him on a rope from a tree so he was suspended between
earth, sea, and sky and thus, invisible to his father.

11. Cronus devour his own child
Cronos sired six children by Rhea: Hestia, Hades,
Demeter, Poseidon , Hera, and Zeus in that order, but
swallowed them all as soon as they were born except
Zeus, since Cronus had learned from Gaia and
Uranus that he was destined to be overcome by his own
child as he had overthrown his own father. When Zeus was
about to be born, however, Rhea sought
Uranus and Gaia to devise a plan to save him, so that
Cronus would get his retribution for his acts against
Uranus and his own children. Rhea gave birth
to Zeus in Crete, handing Cronus a stone wrapped in swaddling clothes, which he promptly
swallowed.

12. Gaea
In Greek mythology, Gaia, from Ancient Greek also spelled Gaea,
was the personification of the Earth and one of the Greek
primordial deities.
Gaia was the great mother of all: the
primal Greek Mother Goddess; creator
and giver of birth to the Earth and all
the Universe; the heavenly gods,
the Titans, and the Giants were born
to her.
The gods reigning over their classical
pantheon were born from her union
with Uranus (the sky), while the sea-
gods were born from her union
with Pontus (the sea). Her equivalent in
the Roman pantheon was Terra.
Giants

13. Titans

14. Zues
Zues was the god of the sky and ruler of the Olympian
gods. He overthrew his father, Cronos, and then drew lots
with his brothers Poseidon and Hades, in order to decide
who would succeed their father on the throne. Zues won
the draw and became the supreme ruler of the gods, as well
as lord of the sky and rain. His weapon was a thunderbolt
which he hurled at those who displeased or defied him,
especially liars and oathbreakers. He was married
to Hera but often tested her patience, as he was infamous
for his many affairs.
Zues, the presiding deity of the universe, ruler of the
skies and the earth, was regarded by the Greeks as the
god of all natural phenomena on the sky; the
personification of the laws of nature; the ruler of the
state; and finally, the father of gods and men.
Using his shield, the Aegis, Zeus could create all natural
phenomena related to the air and the sky, such as storms,
tempests, and intense darkness. At his command, mighty
thunders
would flash and lightnings would roll, wreaking
havoc; or the skies would open to rejuvenate
the earth with life-giving water.
As the personification of the operations of
nature, he
represented
the grand laws
of unchanging
and
harmonious
order, by which
both the natural and the spiritual world were governed. He was
the god of regulated time as marked by the changing seasons
and the regular succession of day and night, in contrast to
what his father Cronus represented before him; absolute time,
i.e. eternity.

15. Poseidon
God of the sea and rivers, creator of storms and
floods, and the bringer of earthquakes and destruction,
Poseidon was perhaps the most disruptive of all the
peaceful reign on Olympus. Son of Kronos and Rhea, and
brother of Zeus and Hades, Poseidon was a key figure in the
battles for control of the universe between the Titans, the
Giants, and the Olympians. On their victory, the three
brothers drew lots to decide which domain they would
reign over and Poseidon gained the seas. The god dwelled in
magnificent golden mansions beneath the sea, beautifully
adorned with coral and sea flowers. Seemingly not content
with this alone, Poseidon often interfered in the plans of
Zeus, and once even attempted to overthrow his brother
with the aid of Hera and Athena. It was as punishment for this treachery that Poseidon was
the Nereid Amphitrite and his son was Triton (who was half-man,
half-fish). However, as with the other divinities, he fathered many
other offspring with various partners. Most notable are Theseus
(with Aithra), Polyphemus the Cyclops (whom Odysseus
encountered on his lengthy return from the Trojan War), Orion the
hunter (with the daughter of Minos), Pegasus (after the rape of
Medusa), and Charybdis (with Gaia), the ship-eating sea monster
which created terrible whirlpools. Poseidon was also responsible
for another terrible creature - the Minotaur.
Power and Abilities
Poseidon's Trident has the
power over the sea. It makes
tsunamis and waves, along with sea
foam. He can calm the water or make
it roar. If he strikes the Earth with his
trident an earthquake will happen.
Trident (weapon)
The cyclops forged this Trident out of pure gold, and later imbued
it with the power of the seas.

16. Hades
God of the Underworld
He presided over funeral rites and defended the right
of the dead to due burial.
Hades was devoured by Kronos as soon as he was born,
along with four of his siblings. Zues later caused the Titan
to disgorge them, and together they drove the Titan gods
from heaven and locked them away in the pit of Tartaros.
When the three victorious brothers then drew lots for the
division of the cosmos,
Hades received the third
portion, the dark dismal
realm of the underworld,
as his domain.
Haides was depicted as a
dark-bearded, regal god. He was depicted as either Aidoneus,
enthroned in the underworld, holding a bird-tipped sceptre, or
as Plouton, the giver of wealth, pouring fertility from a
cornucopia. The Romans named him Dis, or Pluto, the Latin
form of his Greek title Plouton, "the Lord of Riches."
Uranus
Uranus meaning "sky" or "heaven" was the primal Greek god
personifying the sky. His equivalent in Roman mythology was
Caelus. In Ancient Greek literature, Uranus or Father Sky
was the son and husband of Gaia, Mother Earth. According
to Hesiod's Theogony, Uranus was conceived by Gaia alone,
but other sources cite Aether as his father. Uranus and
Gaia were the parents of the first generation of Titans, and
the ancestors of most of the Greek gods, but no cult
addressed directly to Uranus survived into Classical times,
and Uranus does not appear among the usual themes of
Greek painted pottery. Elemental Earth, Sky and Styx might be joined, however, in a solemn
invocation in Homeric epic.

17. Story 2 (Spartan war)
King Xerxes
Xerxes I of Persia, also known as Xerxes the Great, was the fourth of the king of the kings of
the Achaemenid Empire. He ruled from 486 BC until his murder in 465 BC at the hands
of Artabanus, the commander of the royal bodyguard. He is notable for his invasion of
Greece in 480 BC.
His mother was Atossa, the
daughter of Cyrus the
Great (who founded the
Achaemenid Empire). He was,
therefore, accepted as a great
king before having to prove
himself so in any way. Xerxes is
celebrated for his many building
projects throughout his empire
but is best known, in both ancient and modern sources, for the massive expedition he
mounted against Greece in 480 BCE which, according to Herodotus, assembled the largest
and most well equipped fighting force ever put into the field up to that point. He was the son
of Darius the Great (550-486 BCE) who, in an effort to punish Athens for their support of
the Ionian colonies' revolt against Persian rule, had invaded Greece in 492 BCE. The Persians
were defeated by the Greek forces at the Battle of Marathon in 490 BCE, and Darius died
in 486 BCE before he could mount another offensive. It therefore fell to his son to carry out
of such size and strength, Xerxes felt
confident of his success in achieving what the great Darius had been unable to realize.

18. Artemisia
Artemisia I of Caria was queen of Halicarnusses, a city of
Dorian Greeks and Carians in about 480 BCE.
She fought for her overlord against the free Greek city
states during the second Persian invasion of Greece.
She personally
commanded her contribution
of five ships at the
naval battle of
Artemisium and in the naval
Battle of Salamis in 480
BCE.
She is mostly known
through the writings of
Herodotus, who praises her
courage and the respect in
which Xerxes held her.

19. Spartan General (King
Leonidas)
During the opening phase of the Peloponnesian War
(431-422 BC), Sparta produced a commander
that would shape the tactics, strategy and
personal conduct of military leaders to follow. Both
Xenophon and Alexander the Great must have
studied his campaigns, for his signature is indelibly
marked on their exploits. Although Lysander is the
best known of the Spartan commanders of the war,
being the architect of final victory, no other single
Spartan exhibited
the flexibility of intellect, persuasiveness of oratory and
bravery and skill in combat. So exceptional were his abilities
that traditional, ultra-conservative Sparta did as much to
suppress his actions as did any Athenian foe. In a more modern
context, he may be compared to Rommel, a popular and
chivalric general, dispatched by his country to a remote
theater of war, with an inadequate force and little expectation
of success. Like Rommel, he would astonish enemy and friend
with his victories, but unlike Rommel, he would ultimately
triumph.
Spartan weapon

20. Themistocles
Themistocles was born in a village named Phrearrhioi as
the son of a man named Neocles. His mother was a non-
Athenian from Thrace or Caria. According to
Themistocles' biographer Plutarch of Chaeronea, the
young man "was of a vehement and impetuous nature, of a
quick apprehension, and a strong and aspiring bent for
action and great affairs", but this is probably nothing but
a retroprojection. In Antiquity, it was widely believed that
great statesmen already showed their qualities when
they were still young. It is only when Themistocles
obtained the office of archontin 493/492 BCE that he
becomes "visible" for us. After his tenure of this office, he
became member of the Areopagus, the influential council
of former magistrates.
In those years, Athens was involved in two major
foreign conflicts. The most important seemed to be the
war with the island Aegina, which could threaten Athenian
commerce as it was situated opposite the port of
Athens, Phaleron. The other conflict was with the Persian
empire in the east. In the third quarter of the sixth
century, the Persian king Cyrus The Great (559-530)
had conquered the Greek cities of Asia Minor, but in 499, they had revolted against
king Darius l The Great (522-486), and Athens had briefly supported the rebels.
Weapon of choices
The kopis sword was a one-handed weapon. The kopis had a single-edged blade that pitched
forward towards the point, the edge being concave on the part of the sword nearest the hilt,
but swelling to convexity towards the tip. This shape, often termed "recurved", distributes
the weight in such a way that the kopis was capable of delivering a blow with the momentum
of an axe, whilst maintaining the long cutting edge of a sword and some facility to execute a
thrust.

21. The xiphos is a double-edged, one-
handed Iron Age Straight
shortsword used by the ancient Greeks.
It was a secondary battlefield weapon
for the Greek armies after the dory or
javelin. The classic blade was generally
about 50 60 cm long, although the
Spartans supposedly started to use
blades as short as 30 cm around the era
of the Greco-Persian Wars. The xiphos
sometimes has a midrib, or is diamond or
lenticular in cross-section. It was
generally hung from a baldric under the
left arm. The xiphos was generally used
only when the spear was discarded for
close combat.

22. Movie inspiration to our roleplay
1. While King Leonidas and his 300 Spartans have their date with destiny at Thermopylae,
another battle against the Persians is
brewing, this time at sea.
Themistocles (Sullivan Stapleton), a
Greek general, sees the threat posed
by the God-King Xerxes of Persia. He
knows that he must unite all of Greece
if he is to stand any chance of
repelling the Persian invasion. Even if
he accomplishes his mission,
Themistocles must still face Artemisia
(Eva Green), the ruthless leader of the
Persian armada.
2. Power-hungry King Hyperion (Mickey
Rourke) and his ruthless army march
across Greece, leaving burned-out
villages and the corpses of the
innocent in their wake. Hyperion's
goal is to find the long-lost Bow of
Epirus; with this invincible weapon, he
can cast the gods out of Mount
Olympus and become master of the
world. A stonemason named Theseus
(Henry Cavill) heeds the words of the
sibylline oracle (Freida Pinto), who convinces him that he is the key to stopping the
bloodthirsty king.

23. Official Script
Story 1 (Greek god war)
NARRATOR
IN THE BEGINNING THERE WAS ONLY CHAOS. THEN LOVE WAS BORN. FROM LOVE CAME LIGHT
AND DAY. ONCE THERE WAS LIGHT AND DAY, GAEA, THE EARTH WAS BORN.
GAEA ALONE GAVE BIRTH TO URANUS THE HEAVENS. URANUS BECAME GAEA’S MATE COVERING
HER ON ALL SIDES. TOGETHER THEY PRODUCED 3 CYCLOPS, 3 HECATONCHEIRES AND 12
TITANS.
SCENE 1
NARRATOR
URANUS WAS A BAD FATHER AND HUSBAND (URANUS SLAPS GAEA), HE HATED THE
HECATONCHEIRES AND IMPRISONED THEM BY PUSHING THEM INTO HIDDEN PLACES OF GAEA’S
WOMB. THIS ANGERED GAEA.
Gaea screams.
GAEA
How could you do this to our children?
They are of our own blood.
Uranus flings his hand angrily in the air.
URANUS
They are not my children.

24. GAEA
But we created them – You and I.
Uranus WALKS towards Gaea and--
LOOKS into her eyes.
URANUS
They are NOT my children. They are monsters.
Uranus PUSHES his children to the Earth
Gaea SCREAMS and CRIES.
GAEA
NO! NO!!
NARRATOR
SHE PLOTTED AGAINST URANUS.
Gaea goes to a corner and MAKES a sickle, and repeatedly HAMMERS the sickle.
Gaea WALKS towards her children.
GAEA
Your father has gone out of control.
We need to do something about it.
NARRATOR

25. ALL CHILDREN WERE TOO AFRAID EXCEPT THE YOUNGEST, CRONOS.
SCENE 2
Cronos KNOCKS on Gaea’s chamber, and enters.
CRONOS
Mother, may I have a word with you?
GAEA
Yes, child. What is it?
CRONOS
I agree that father has gone out of hand.
I am willing to take the risk to bring father down.
GAEA
I had a feeling you would say that.
Gaea WALKS towards the table where her sickle is placed.
GAEA
Here, I made this sickle. Use this to castrate
your father, while I bed him.
CRONOS
As you wish, mother.

26. SCENE 3
NARRATOR
AS URANUS LAYED WITH GAEA, CRONOS GRABBED
HIS FATHER AND CASTRATED HIM WITH THE SICKLE.
Cronos walks in on his parents making love.
Cronos pulls his father aside, and castrates him.
Uranus screams.
CRONOS
I am the new ruler of Mount Olympus.
You shall kneel before me.
Uranus KNEELS.
CRONOS
I sentence you, father to exile. You are no longer
welcomed at Mount Olympus.
URANUS
This is not the end. You will not see the last of me.
I swear to the Heaven’s to return with vengeance.

27. SCENE 4
NARRATOR
AFTER BEING CROWNED THE NEW RULER OF OLYMPUS, CRONOS WEDS HIS
SISTER, RHEA. HE RULED FOR MANY AGES. UNDER HIS RULE THE TITANS HAD
A LOT OF OFFSPRINGS. BUT ONE DAY HE RECEIVED A MESSAGE, ABOUT
HIS PROFECY. IT IS SAID THAT HE WOULD BE OVERTHRONE BY A SON.
Cronos BREATHES in heavily.
Cronos walks--
AIMLESSLY
And lets out ANGRY SIGHS.
CRONOS
Me, over-throned by my own son?
MESSENGER
Yes, sire.
What are you going to do?
CRONOS
Let it be known that any offspring
of mine that is born shall be eaten,
by me.
MESSENGER

28. Noted, sire.
SCENE 5
NARRATOR
CRONOS CALLS FOR A FAMILY MEETING.
Cronos speaks ARROGANTLY,--
WALKING back and forth.
CRONOS
I am eating the children tonight. One by one. Alive.
RHEA
Cronos! You are being delirious.
You are joking aren’t you?
Rhea LAUGHS in dismay.
CRONOS
No, Rhea. I am not.
Rhea STUNNED.
RHEA
What? Cronos, why? Why would you do that?

29. CRONOS
Today, I received news about my prophecy.
It is said that my throne would be
taken over by one of our son.
RHEA
No, Cronos you are not thinking straight. Don’t do this
just for a stupid throne! They are our children.
We raised them!
Rhea WALKS TOWARDS Cronos.
RHEA
We made them.
Cronos LOOKS at Rhea angrily.
CRONOS
But now I shall kill them.
RHEA
And you think by eating them you will be granted
with eternal royalty? You must be out of your mind!
Rhea kept silent and thought quietly.

30. RHEA
Do you remember our father, Uranus? Do you remember how
much you hated that man to a point where you castrated him?
Well, you are starting to turn into that monster our
father once was.
Cronos LOOKS at Rhea but ignores her sentence.
RHEA
Cronos, don’t do it.
Cronos is getting ready to EAT the 1st child.
RHEA
STOP.
The 1st child is already in Cronos’ mouth.
RHEA
NO! CRONOS! YOU ARE INSANE!
Rhea CRIES, with the face in her hands.
Cronos EATS his 5 offsprings. One by one.
NARRATOR
EVEN THOUGH RHEA WAS MAD AT CRONOS, SHE EVENTUALLY FORGAVE HIM FOR

31. HIS MISTAKES. SHE WAS ALSO PREGNANT WITH THEIR 6TH CHILD, BUT
SHE CHOSE NOT TO TELL HIM. RHEA DID NOT WANT THE SAME THING TO HAPPEN
TO HER 6TH CHILD SO DIRECTLY AFTER HER LABOUR, SHE HID HIM.
SCENE 6
NARRATOR
THE CHILD WAS NAMED ZEUS. ZEUS GREW UP OUTSIDE THE KINGDOM AND GREW UP TO BE VERY
STRONG AND POWERFUL. WHEN HE WAS IN HIS PRIME, HE WAS READY TO BATTLE HIS FATHER.
HE WAS GIVEN A DRINK BY METIS TO GIVE CRONOS, WHICH WILL MAKE HIS FATHER VOMIT
OUT ALL THE REST OF THE TITANS.
ZEUS RETURNED TO MOUNT OLYMPUS DISGUISED AS A CUP BEARER.
Zeus carried a drink in his hand and walked towards Cronos.
ZEUS
Your drink, sire.
CRONOS
Gone, with you!
Cronos DRINKS the drink.
Cronos felt nauseous. He looks uneasy.
Cronos VOMITS.
CRONOS
What was in the drink?

32. Zeus removes his disguise.
Zeus INTRODUCES himself.
ZEUS
I am Zeus, your only living child!
I have come here to reclaim my rights as
the heir of Mount Olympus, and free my siblings!
Zeus looks at his siblings, which are lying unconsciously on the floor.
ZEUS
Brothers and sisters, join me and defeat
our selfish father who showed us no love.
POSEIDON
For many years, we have suffered under the ruling
of Cronos, who is no father of ours. Whatever
the outcome, I shall fight by your side,
brother.
HADES
I too shall fight by your side. I am no
longer son of Cronos, or under the bloodline
of the Titans. I am with you. For now,
and forever.

33. POSEIDON
Mount Olympus shall belong only to the Gods, and
Titans no longer.
Cronos looks angry--
And screams.
CRONOS
Summon atlas and the Titans!
A WAR HAS BEGUN!
SCENE 7
NARRATOR
CRONOS AND HIS TITANS LEAD BY ATLAS ATTACKED THE GODS.
BUT THEY WERE DEFEATED.
Random fight scenes occur.
NARRATOR
The Gods won the war.
Zeus, Hades and Poseidon SIT on their respective thrones.
Cronos and the other Titans KNEEL before Zeus, Hades and Poseidon.

34. ZEUS
You were no match for the Gods.
HADES
We have won! Mount Olympus is ours.
POSEIDON
You would all be sentenced to the pit of Tartarus.
ZEUS
Except you, Atlas. You will be punished for your
treachery. You shall bear the weight of the
earth on your shoulders.
SCENE 8
NARRATOR
AFTER THE WAR, THE GODS HELD A MEETING TO DECIDE WHO SHALL RULE MOUNT OLYMPUS,
THE OCEAN AND THE UNDERWORLD.
ZEUS
Brother, I have come to you with a proposition. As your savior, I would
like to be the ruler of Mount Olympus and I have come to get your
blessings. In return, I would offer you the ocean as your
kingdom to rule.

35. POSEIDON
I appreciate the offer, but what about our
brother, Hades? It would be unjust if we were to
exclude him from this conversation.
ZEUS
Brother or not, someone has to be the ruler of the underworld,
and I take that you are not fond of the idea
of ruling the dead.
POSEIDON
I shall take the offer, but I’m afraid that Hades
would not be too pleased with our scheme.
ZEUS
Leave him to me.
NARRATOR
POSIDEN AND ZEUS TEAM UP AGAINST HADES TO TRICK HIM AND MAKE HIM THE CONQUEROR OF
THE UNDERWORLD. WHILE POSEIDON CONQUERED THE OCEAN AND ZEUS CONQUERS MOUNT
OLYMPUS.

36. Story 2 (Spartan war)
Legend:
- Narrator say
( ) Movement
 Points
Narrator: Jackie/ Vivien
Actor:
Themistocles: Alan
Leonidas: Choo
Artemesia: Vivien
Xerxes: Wilson
Warrior: WZ, Dean, Hiren,
1. Scene 1
-Narrator: King Darius ordered his army to attack Athens to spread his influences,
but he lost the battle.
-Narrator 20 years later, After king Darius died Xerxes( His son) launch another
attack to avenge his father.
• (Xerxes come out): My Father has been killed due to this tiny country I
must revenge to claim back my country’s glory
• Xerxes: Who is willing to be my general to crush Athens skulls on my feet
and bring back Themistocles head for me??!!
• (Everyone looking left and right and whispering)
• Xerxes: How about my favourite general Artemesia commander of Persia Fleet?
 Artemesia: As you wish my lord. I will forever be at your service. I will
not come back before I demolish Athen’s king palace.
 (Artemesia hate athenians very much)

37. 2. Scene 2:
-At Athens they received a message that the great empire Persia is coming to
avenge their king.
 Chancellor: all of us are going to die, do you know how strong the
persian army are? We will all be killed like ants crushed by giants!
(Themistocles came out)
 Themitcoles: It is us who are going to crush Persian like ants!
 Chancellor: Themistocles, have you lost your mind?
 Themitocles: No I have not. We need silver! Silver found in of the
land Lavrion to build a metal fleet to defeat the Persian
 Themitocles : Gather all the slaves in Athens to build this fleet to
win this war. I shall travel to Sparta to seek help from King
Leonidas.
 Chancellor : Why travel to Sparta, my king?
 Themistocles : In the past, Sparta fought a war with their neighbors in
Messinia, they worked out a treaty and left to fight again some other day.
The Spartans returned and subjugated the entire population of Messinia,
reducing them to slaves or helots.
 Chancellor : Is it wise to ask for help from such a cruel nation?
 Themistocles : I believe my brother would help us.
3. Scene 3,
N : - Themitocles goes to Sparta to ask king Leonidas for help
 Themitocles: King Leonidas, Greece is in danger and we need your
help to hold off the Persian army so we can focus on our troops at
the sea.
 Chancellor of Sparta: Your country should bear the consequences of
your failure to eliminate the Persian Army 20 years ago. It is

38. your own undoing, this is your fight themistocles, not the
spartans!
 Leonidas: none of Spartan soldiers will shed blood for this war,
you’re on your own.
 Themitocles: Leonidas we’ve been brother for years, if you hide
behind your gates and fear death, the Persians will come for you
eventually. This is our fight.
 Leonidas: (thinking deeply)
4. Scene 4,
N : - Spartan’s king, Leonidas seek the advice on the war from the
oracle at Delphi
 Leonidas : I am Leonidas, King of Sparta. I have come to seek
answers. The Persian army are going to attack Athens. If I were to
help Athens in the war, what would become of my men?
 Oracle : Your men would perish in the hands of the Persians.
N : - King Leonidas thought about what the oracle said but decided
against it because he thinks both their countries would fall if he did
not lend a hand.
 Chancellor : I know what you’re up to, sire. I strongly advice
against it.
 Leonidas : I know what I’m doing. I am only bringing 300 of my
royal guards to walk with me because it is their duty to protect
me.
5. Scene 5,
N : - But in fact, Spartan’s King, Leonidas brought his 300 royal
guards and marched to Thermopylae to meet the Persian’s 10,000 soldiers
where they held them off so that themitocles can focus on his marine at
the sea.

39. N : - the Spartans did their pre-battle rituals starting with a naked
exercise, bathing in oil, combing each other’s long hair, engrave their
names on sticks which were attached on their arms.
(Leonidas and his soldier walk out)
 Leonidas: soldier! We were born for a reason ! we are here for a
reason, that scoundrel of a man over there want to destroy us! We
will crush them for our families, kill them for our loved ones,
and make them bleed for our king! if you’re a Spartan you need to
act like a Spartan!
 Leonidas : TROOPS! GET IN POSITION! !
N ：King Leonidas trained the heavily armed hoplite soldiers to
fight in a massive formation called a phalanx: standing shoulder to
shoulder, the men were protected by their neighbor's shield.
Leonidas : CHARGE!
(battle btw Leonidas and Persian troops)
6. Scene 6
N : A scout reported to Artemisia about the alliance between Sparta and Athens.
This worried Artemisia. She immediately reported to King Xerxes.
Artemesia : My King, there’s been word that Sparta has formed an
alliance with Athens and they are holding off our soldiers at
Thermopylae.
Xerxes : That should not worry us, we are stronger and larger in
number. Why do you fear them?
Artemesia : In Sparta, Men lived in barracks, male children were
taken from their mothers at a young age to learn how to serve the state.
Unhealthy children were killed or left to die. Life had one purpose
which is to defend the state.
Xerxes : Have you no faith in our soldiers or yourself, Artemesia?
You are a child of Persia. We have great history as conquerors instilled
in our blood. Do not fail me now.

40. 7. Scene 6
N : -At the same time, King Xerxes arrived at Athen’s border and they fought a
marine war between Themitocles and Artemesia
 Artemesia: we have won countless of wars in the past, but we are
only as great as our last victory. Let the blood spilled on the
battlefield be the symbol of our great victory. Our children shall
speak of this day as we will go down in history as the greatest
army to have ever fought for Persia. I shall, with all my power,
lead this nation to victory.
 Themitocles: Though we may be smaller in size and lesser in
numbers but we are men of Athens and we shall arise to the name of
our fathers and bring glory to our nation.
N : - Themitocles is an intelligent man. The odds were not in his favour because
Persia has bigger and stronger fleets, hence he made use of the geographics of
athens to lure the Persian fleet into the narrow straits where their smaller ships
have more advantage.
 Themitocles : Lure the giant Persian fleet into the straits!
N : - The Athens soldier threw rocks at the Persian fleet and athens won their
very first fight.
• ( Xerxes watched the Athens soldiers sink 200 of the Persian fleet and he
was very crossed by it)
Xerxes : What is the meaning of this! We outnumbered them by ten thousands, why
are we losing this battle?
Chancellor : I do not know sire, they were held by the Spartans, it was almost
impossible for them to have defeated us.
Xerxes : This is ridiculous! What do you mean you do not know. This cannot happen!
Get lost! Get out of my sight, you useless scoundrel.
N : - After Athen’s first victory, Spartan’s General, Pausania alongside other
Greek city-states leaders joined in the war to defeat the Persian army during the
battle of Plataea.

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